{ "meta": { "version": "mdd-iran-2-full", "updated": "2026-08-24", "note": "210 گونه با حضور تأییدشده در ایران، استخراج‌شده از دیتاست رسمی Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) توسط mdd_iran_to_json.py — دستی ویرایش نکنید. هر رکورد تقریباً تمام ۵۲ ستون CSV رسمی MDD را حمل می‌کند: رده‌بندی کامل، محل/نوع نمونه‌ی تیپ، نام‌های مترادف، یادداشت رده‌بندی و پراکنش، و شناسه‌ی متقابل با CMW/MSW3 — به‌علاوه‌ی پیوند مستقیم به رکورد اصلی در mammaldiversity.org. 8 گونه‌ی دیگر در MDD با علامت «؟» (حضور نامطمئن) مشخص شده‌اند و عمداً از این فهرست کنار گذاشته شدند. نام فارسی فقط برای 53 گونه پر شده؛ برای بقیه، به‌جای حدس زدن، خالی گذاشته شده تا بعداً توسط متخصص تکمیل شود. پراکنش در سطح استان در MDD موجود نیست.", "source": "Mammal Diversity Database (MDD), https://www.mammaldiversity.org" }, "species": [ { "id": "IR0001", "mddId": "1006520", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006520", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Balaenopteridae", "scientificName": "Balaenoptera brydei", "genus": "Balaenoptera", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "brydei", "authority": "Ø. Olsen, 1912", "faName": "", "enName": "Bryde's Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Ordinary Bryde's Whale", "Large Bryde's Whale" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": true, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Mysticeti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Balaenopteroidea", "family": "Balaenopteridae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Balaenoptera brydei", "authorityCitation": "Tidens Tegn, 12 Nov. 1912 (Norwegian newspaper)", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "brydei Ø. Olsen, 1912" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from B. edeni, although this taxonomic arrangement has not been accepted by some researchers given that there is ongoing nomenclatural controversy associated with the holotype of B. brydei", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Rosel, P.E., Wilcox, L.A., Yamada, T.K. and Mullin, K.D. 2021. A new species of baleen whale (_Balaenoptera_) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a review of its geographic distribution. Marine Mammal Science 37(2):577-610. doi:10.1111/mms.12776|Lin, Y. T., Hui, F., Han, W., Li, Y. X., Heung, B. Y. W., How, C. M., ... & Qiu, J. W. (2025). Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Eden's Whale Clarifies the Taxonomy and Speciation of Bryde's Whale Complex. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 42(10), msaf234.|Davis, R.W. 2026. Rice's Whale: Considerations for Identifying New Cetacean Species. Marine Mammal Science 42(1):e70112.|Paynee, D., Bloomer, P., Penry, G., Elwen, S., Natoli, A., Dhanalakshmy, V., Cardoso, T. and Vermeulen, E. 2026. Unravelling taxonomic complexity in elusive cetaceans: Mitogenome insights into evolutionary history and cryptic diversity of Bryde's whales. Ecology and Evolution 16(5):e73614. doi:10.1002/ece3.73614" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Saldanha Bay, South Africa.", "latitude": "-33.034722", "longitude": "18.009722" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Christmas Island", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Eritrea", "Fiji", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Kuwait", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Montserrat", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "North Korea", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Puerto Rico", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Tuvalu", "United Arab Emirates", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(CA,HI)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Christmas Island", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Eritrea", "Fiji", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Kuwait", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Montserrat", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "North Korea", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Puerto Rico", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Tuvalu", "United Arab Emirates", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0002", "mddId": "1006401", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006401", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Balaenopteridae", "scientificName": "Balaenoptera musculus", "genus": "Balaenoptera", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "musculus", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "نهنگ آبی", "enName": "Blue Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Blue Rorqual", "Sibbald's Rorqual", "Sulphur-bottom Whale", "Northern Blue Whale", "Pygmy Blue Whale", "Antarctic Blue Whale", "Southern Blue Whale", "Northern Indian Ocean Blue Whale" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "EN", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Mysticeti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Balaenopteroidea", "family": "Balaenopteridae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Balæna Musculus", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033887", "nominalNames": [ "musculus (Linnaeus, 1758)", "jubartes de Lacépède, 1804", "borealis (J. B. Fischer, 1829) [preoccupied]", "rorqual Dewhurst, 1832 [preoccupied]", "sibbaldii (J. E. Gray, 1847)", "gigas J. T. Reinhardt, 1857", "indica E. Blyth, 1859", "gigas (P. J. Van Beneden, 1861) [preoccupied]", "borealis (J. E. Gray, 1864) [preoccupied]", "latirostris (W. H. Flower, 1865)", "antarctica (Burmeister, 1866) [preoccupied]", "carolinae A. W. Malm, 1866", "sulfurea (Cope, 1869)", "major (F. J. Knox, 1870) [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "sulphureus (J. E. Gray, 1870) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "intermedia Burmeister, 1871", "gryphus (Münter, 1877)", "sibbaldi P. J. Van Beneden, 1887 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "miramaris Lahille, 1899", "brevicauda Zemsky & Boronin, 1964 [nomen nudum]", "brevicauda Ichihara, 1966" ], "subspecies": "_B. m. brevicauda_ Ichihara, 1966; _B. m. indica_ Blyth, 1859; _B. m. intermedia_ Burmeister, 1871 (synonyms: _antarctica_ (Burmeister, 1866), _miramaris_ Lahille, 1899); _B. m. musculus_ (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonyms: _boops_ (Voigt, 1831), _borealis_ (Fischer, 1829), _borealis_ (Gray, 1864), _borealis_ (Hamilton, 1837), _carolinae_ Malm, 1866, _gigas_ (Van Beneden, 1861), _gigas_ Reinhardt, 1857, _gryphus_ (Münter, 1877), _jubartes_ Lacépède, 1804, _latirostris_ (Flower, 1865), _major_ (Knox, 1870), _rorqual_ Dewhurst, 1832, _sibbaldii_ (Gray, 1847), _sulfurea_ (Cope, 1869))", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Habitat in mari Scotico\" (Scotland, United Kingdom).", "latitude": "(55.948884 to 56.278667)", "longitude": "(-3.731097 to -2.548106)" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Angola", "Argentina", "Australia", "Azores", "Bangladesh", "Bermuda", "Brazil", "Canada", "Canary Islands", "Cape Verde", "Chile", "Christmas Island", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Djibouti", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Falkland Islands", "Fiji", "France", "Greenland", "Guatemala", "Iceland", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Madagascar", "Madeira", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mexico", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Norfolk Island", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Portugal", "Russia", "Réunion", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Tuvalu", "United Kingdom", "United States", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Yemen", "China?", "Gabon?", "North Korea?", "South Korea?", "Taiwan?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(AK,CA,HI,OR)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Angola", "Argentina", "Australia", "Azores", "Bangladesh", "Bermuda", "Brazil", "Canada", "Canary Islands", "Cape Verde", "Chile", "Christmas Island", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Djibouti", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Falkland Islands", "Fiji", "France", "Greenland", "Guatemala", "Iceland", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Madagascar", "Madeira", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mexico", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Norfolk Island", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Portugal", "Russia", "Réunion", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Tuvalu", "United Kingdom", "United States", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Yemen", "China?", "Gabon?", "North Korea?", "South Korea?", "Taiwan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Balaenoptera musculus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Balaenoptera musculus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0003", "mddId": "1006402", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006402", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Balaenopteridae", "scientificName": "Balaenoptera omurai", "genus": "Balaenoptera", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "omurai", "authority": "Wada, Oishi, & T. K. Yamada, 2003", "faName": "", "enName": "Omura's Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Pygmy Bryde's Whale" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Mysticeti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Balaenopteroidea", "family": "Balaenopteridae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Balaenoptera omurai", "authorityCitation": "Wada, S., Oishi, M. and Yamada, T.K. 2003-11. A newly discovered species of living baleen whale. Nature 426(6964):278-281.", "authorityLink": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02103", "nominalNames": [ "omurai Wada, Oishi, & T. K. Yamada, 2003" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "recently described", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Wada, S., Oishi, M. and Yamada, T.K. 2003. A newly discovered species of living baleen whale. Nature 426(6964):278-281. doi:10.1038/nature02103" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "NSMT-M32505", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Tsunoshima Island (34°21′03″N, 130°53′09″E)\", Sea of Japan.", "latitude": "34.350833", "longitude": "130.885833" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Australia", "Brazil", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Egypt", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Japan", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Mauritania", "New Caledonia", "Philippines", "Solomon Islands", "Sri Lanka", "Thailand", "Vietnam" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Australia", "Brazil", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Egypt", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Japan", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Mauritania", "New Caledonia", "Philippines", "Solomon Islands", "Sri Lanka", "Thailand", "Vietnam" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Balaenoptera omurai", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0004", "mddId": "1006405", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006405", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Balaenopteridae", "scientificName": "Megaptera novaeangliae", "genus": "Megaptera", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "novaeangliae", "authority": "(Borowski, 1781)", "faName": "نهنگ گوژپشت", "enName": "Humpback Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Bunch Whale", "Hump Whale", "Hunchback Whale" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Mysticeti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Balaenopteroidea", "family": "Balaenopteridae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Balaena Novae Angliae", "authorityCitation": "Borowski, G.H. 1781. Gemeinnüzzige Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs. Gottlieb August Lange, Berlin, 196 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28342454", "nominalNames": [ "boops (O. Fabricius, 1780) [preoccupied]", "novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)", "nodosa (J. P. Bonnaterre, 1789)", "nodose (Tiedemann, 1808) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "poeskop (Desmoulins, 1822) [not intended as a scientific name]", "australis (Lesson, 1828)", "lalandii (J. B. Fischer, 1829)", "longimana (Rudolphi, 1832)", "capensis (A. Smith, 1834)", "antarctica (F. Cuvier, 1836)", "leucopteron (Lesson, 1842) [nomen nudum]", "gibbosa (J. E. Gray, 1843) [preoccupied]", "longipinna J. E. Gray, 1846 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "allamack (J. E. Gray, 1847) [not used as valid]", "americana J. E. Gray, 1847", "poeskop J. E. Gray, 1847", "kuzira J. E. Gray, 1850", "astrolabae (Jacquinot & Pucheran, 1853)", "syncondyla (A. Müller, 1863)", "moorei J. E. Gray, 1864", "novaezelandiae J. E. Gray, 1864", "gigas Cope, 1865", "osphyia Cope, 1865", "burmeisteri J. E. Gray, 1866", "braziliensis Cope, 1867", "keporkak (P. J. Van Beneden, 1868) [nomen nudum]", "versabilis Cope, 1869", "bellicosa Cope, 1871", "novaezealandiae J. E. Gray, 1873 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "indica H. F. P. Gervais, 1883", "atlanticus (Hurdis, 1897) [nomen nudum]", "brasiliensis F. W. True, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "kusira Trouessart, 1905 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "lalandei Trouessart, 1905 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "osphya Mead & Brownell, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "astrolabe (S. Jackson & Groves, 2015) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": "_M. n. australis_ (Lesson, 1828) (synonyms: _antarctica_ (Cuvier, 1836), _astrolabae_ (Jacquinot & Pucheran, 1853), _capensis_ (Smith, 1834), _gibbosa_ (Gray, 1843), _lalandii_ (Fischer, 1829), _leucopteron_ (Lesson, 1842), _nodosa_ Lahille, 1905, _novaezelandiae_ Gray, 1864, _poeskop_ Gray, 1847); _M. n. novaeangliae_ (Borowski, 1781) (synonyms: _americana_ Gray, 1847, _antarctica_ (Temminck, 1844), _atlanticus_ (Hurdis, 1897), _boops_ Van Beneden & Gervais, 1872, _longimana_ Gray, 1847, _moorei_ Gray, 1864, _nodosa_ (Bonnaterre, 1789), _osphyia_ Cope, 1865, _syncondyla_ (Müller, 1863))", "taxonomyNotes": "genetic data places the species paraphyletically within Balaenoptera, indicating that Megaptera is either included within the genus, or Balaenoptera should be split into multiple genera", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "McGowen, M.R., Tsagkogeorga, G., Álvarez-Carretero, S., Reis, M. dos, Struebig, M., Deaville, R., Jepson, P.D., Jarman, S., Polanowski, A., Morin, P.A. and Rossiter, S.J. 2020. Phylogenomic resolution of the cetacean tree of life using target sequence capture. Systematic Biology 69(3):479-501. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz068" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "\"de la nouvelle Angleterre,\" (coast of New England, USA).", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antarctica", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Azores", "Bahamas", "Bahrain", "Barbados", "Belgium", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Canary Islands", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Christmas Island", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Falkland Islands", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Galápagos Islands", "Gambia", "Germany", "Ghana", "Greenland", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Honduras", "Iceland", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Israel", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Kuwait", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Madeira", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Montserrat", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Nauru", "Netherlands", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Norfolk Island", "North Korea", "Northern Marianas", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Prince Edward Islands", "Puerto Rico", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Russia", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "Sweden", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Tokelau", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Tuvalu", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(AK,CA,CT,HI,MA,ME,NH,OR,RI,WA,DE?,FL?,MD?,NC?,NJ?,NY?,TX?,VA?)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antarctica", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Azores", "Bahamas", "Bahrain", "Barbados", "Belgium", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Canary Islands", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Christmas Island", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Falkland Islands", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Galápagos Islands", "Gambia", "Germany", "Ghana", "Greenland", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Honduras", "Iceland", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Israel", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Kuwait", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Madeira", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Montserrat", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Nauru", "Netherlands", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Norfolk Island", "North Korea", "Northern Marianas", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Prince Edward Islands", "Puerto Rico", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Russia", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "Sweden", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Tokelau", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Tuvalu", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Megaptera novaeangliae", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Megaptera novaeangliae", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0005", "mddId": "1006180", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006180", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Bovidae", "scientificName": "Capra aegagrus", "genus": "Capra", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "aegagrus", "authority": "Erxleben, 1777", "faName": "بز وحشی (پازن)", "enName": "Wild Goat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Bezoar", "Bezoar Ibex", "Chiltan Goat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Ruminantia", "infraorder": "Pecora", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Bovoidea", "family": "Bovidae", "subfamily": "Antilopinae", "tribe": "Caprini", "subtribe": "Caprina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Capra Aegagrus", "authorityCitation": "Erxleben, J.C.P. 1777. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis I. Mammalia. Impensis Weygandianis, Leipzig, 636 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873057", "nominalNames": [ "bezoartica Linnaeus, 1766", "aegagrus Erxleben, 1777", "gazella (J. F. Gmelin, 1788) [preoccupied]", "aegargus F. S. Voigt, 1819 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "aegragus von Nordmann, 1839 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "oegagrus Lesson, 1842 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "caucasica J. E. Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum]", "oegragus Crespon, 1844 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "aegagra A. Murray, 1866 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "blythi Hume, 1875", "algagrus Anonymous, 1883 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "aegagros Chollet, Dayot, & Neuville, 1904 [variant]", "persica Matschie, 1905", "cilicica Matschie, 1907", "florstedti Matschie, 1907", "oegagyrus França, 1908 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "chialtanensis Lydekker, 1913", "neglecta Zarudnyy & Bilkevitsch, 1918", "algagrus Medvedeff, 1927 [variant]", "turcmenica Tsalkin, 1950", "aegergus Zivančević, 1960 [variant]" ], "subspecies": "_C. a. aegagrus_ Erxleben, 1777 (synonyms: _bezoartica_ Linnaeus, 1766, _blythi_ Hume, 1875, _caucasica_ Gray, 1843, _cilicica_ Matschie, 1907, _florstedti_ Matschie, 1907, _gazella_ (Gmelin, 1788), _neglecta_ Зарудный & Bilkevitsch, 1918, _persica_ Matschie, 1905, _turcmenica_ Цалкин, 1950); _C. a. chialtanensis_ Lydekker, 1913", "taxonomyNotes": "wild form of C. hircus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Gentry, A., Clutton-Brock, J. and Groves, C.P. 2004. The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives. Journal of Archaeological Science 31(5):645-651. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "Daghestan District of Caucasus, S Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Pakistan", "Russia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Afghanistan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Pakistan", "Russia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Afghanistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Capra aegagrus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0006", "mddId": "1006145", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006145", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Bovidae", "scientificName": "Gazella arabica", "genus": "Gazella", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "arabica", "authority": "(H. Lichtenstein, 1827)", "faName": "", "enName": "Arabian Gazelle", "otherCommonNames": [ "Acacia Gazelle", "Arava Gazelle", "Arabian Mountain Gazelle", "Arabian Coastal Gazelle", "Arabian Desert Gazelle", "Muscat Gazelle", "Farrar Gazelle" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": true, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Ruminantia", "infraorder": "Pecora", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Bovoidea", "family": "Bovidae", "subfamily": "Antilopinae", "tribe": "Antilopini", "subtribe": "Antilopina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Antilope arabica", "authorityCitation": "Lichtenstein, H. 1827. Pls. 1–16. Pp. pl. 1–pl. 16 in Lichtenstein, H. 1834. Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Säugethiere in Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünf und sechzig Arten auf funfzig colorirten Steindrucktafelln nach den Originalen des zoologischen Museums der Universität zu Berlin. C. G. Lüderitz, Berlin, not continuously paginated pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43374065", "nominalNames": [ "arabica (H. Lichtenstein, 1827)", "cora (C. H. Smith, 1827)", "muscatensis Brooke, 1874", "erlangeri O. R. Neumann, 1906", "typica J. R. Ward, 1910 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "hanishi Dollman, 1927", "bilkis Groves & D. M. Lay, 1985", "farasani Thouless & al Bassri, 1991", "dareshurii Karami & Groves, 1993", "acaciae Mendelssohn, Groves, & Shalmon, 1997", "darehshourii Mallon & Kingswood, 2001 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_G. a. acaciae_ Mendelssohn, Groves & Shalmon, 1997; _G. a. arabica_ (Lichtenstein, 1827) (synonyms: _typica_ Ward, 1910); _G. a. bilkis_ Groves & Lay, 1985; _G. a. cora_ (Smith, 1827) (synonyms: _hanishi_ Dollman, 1927); _G. a. dareshurii_ Karami & Groves, 1993; _G. a. erlangeri_ Neumann, 1906; _G. a. farasani_ Thouless & al Bassri, 1991; _G. a. muscatensis_ Brooke, 1874", "taxonomyNotes": "includes bilkis, cora, erlangeri, acaciae, muscatensis, dareshurii (previously synonyms of G. gazella in MSW3), which were recognized by Groves & Grubb 2011; includes a number of taxa and populations previously included under G. gazella and erlangeri by MSW3, taking the southern clade of what was previously G. gazella; for additional information regarding the MDD's decision to not follow the Groves & Grubb 2011 Ungulate Taxonomy, see 'Subjective decisions' on the 'About' tab", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Groves, C.P. and Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 309 pp. doi:10.56021/9781421400938|Bärmann, E.V., Wronski, T., Lerp, H., Azanza, B., Börner, S., Erpenbeck, D., Rössner, G.E. and Wörheide, G. 2013. A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus _Gazella_ de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazelles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 169(3):673-696. doi:10.1111/zoj.12066|Bärmann, E.V., Börner, S., Erpenbeck, D., Rössner, G.E., Hebel, C. and Wörheide, G. 2013. The curious case of _Gazella arabica_. Mammalian Biology 78(3):220-225. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2012.07.003|Bärmann, E.V., Gentry, A.W. and Gentry, A. 2014. Case 3660. _Antilope arabica_ Lichtenstein, 1827 (currently _Gazella arabica_; Mammalia, Ruminantia): proposed conservation of part of the lectotype designated by Neumann (1906). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 71(2):88-94. doi:10.21805/bzn.v71i2.a9" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMB 2115 (skin!)", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Farasan Is, Saudi Arabia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Israel", "Oman", "Saudi Arabia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Israel", "Oman", "Saudi Arabia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Gazella arabica", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Gazella arabica", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0007", "mddId": "1006146", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006146", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Bovidae", "scientificName": "Gazella bennettii", "genus": "Gazella", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "bennettii", "authority": "(W. H. Sykes, 1831)", "faName": "آهوی چینکارا", "enName": "Chinkara", "otherCommonNames": [ "Indian Gazelle", "Jebeer", "Salt Range Gazelle", "Western Jebeer", "Eastern Jebeer", "Deccan Chinkara", "Gujarat Chinkara" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": true, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Ruminantia", "infraorder": "Pecora", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Bovoidea", "family": "Bovidae", "subfamily": "Antilopinae", "tribe": "Antilopini", "subtribe": "Antilopina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Antilope Bennettii", "authorityCitation": "Sykes, W.H. 1831-08-05. Skins of numerous species of Mammalia obtained in Dukhun, (Deccan), East Indies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1831(8):99-105.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1214065", "nominalNames": [ "bennettii (W. H. Sykes, 1831)", "bennetii (Laurillard, 1841) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "bharatensis (B. H. Hodgson, 1841) [nomen nudum]", "christii E. Blyth, 1842", "hazenna (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1844)", "bennetti (Sundevall, 1847) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "fuscifrons Blanford, 1873", "kennioni Lydekker, 1908", "hayi Lydekker, 1911", "christyi Lydekker & Blaine, 1914 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "shikarii Groves, 1993", "salinarum Groves, 2003" ], "subspecies": "_G. b. bennettii_ (Sykes, 1831) (synonyms: _arabica_ (Elliot, 1839), _bharatensis_ (Hodgson, 1841), _hazenna_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1844)); _G. b. christii_ Blyth, 1842; _G. b. fuscifrons_ Blanford, 1873 (synonyms: _hayi_ Lydekker, 1911, _kennioni_ Lydekker, 1908); _G. b. salinarum_ Groves, 2003; _G. b. shikarii_ Groves, 1993", "taxonomyNotes": "includes christii, fuscifrons, salinarum, and shikarii, which were recognized by Groves & Grubb 2011; for additional information regarding the MDD's decision to not follow the Groves & Grubb 2011 Ungulate Taxonomy, see 'Subjective decisions' on the 'About' tab", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Groves, C.P. and Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 309 pp. doi:10.56021/9781421400938|Bärmann, E.V., Wronski, T., Lerp, H., Azanza, B., Börner, S., Erpenbeck, D., Rössner, G.E. and Wörheide, G. 2013. A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus _Gazella_ de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazelles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 169(3):673-696. doi:10.1111/zoj.12066" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1842.8.6.9", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/33883b25-62bf-4b72-98e6-96cef468ea78" ], "locality": "Deccan, India.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "India", "Iran", "Pakistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "India", "Iran", "Pakistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Gazella bennettii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Gazella bennettii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0008", "mddId": "1006152", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006152", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Bovidae", "scientificName": "Gazella marica", "genus": "Gazella", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "marica", "authority": "O. Thomas, 1897", "faName": "", "enName": "Sand Gazelle", "otherCommonNames": [ "Reem", "Arabian Sand Gazelle", "Bushehr Gazelle" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": true, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Ruminantia", "infraorder": "Pecora", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Bovoidea", "family": "Bovidae", "subfamily": "Antilopinae", "tribe": "Antilopini", "subtribe": "Antilopina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Gazella marica", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1897-02-01. On a new gazelle from central Arabia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6)19(110):162-163.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19267638", "nominalNames": [ "marica O. Thomas, 1897", "karamii Groves, 1993" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from G. subgutturosa and includes karamii (often considered a synonym of bennettii), which was recognized by Groves & Grubb 2011; for additional information regarding the MDD's decision to not follow the Groves & Grubb 2011 Ungulate Taxonomy, see 'Subjective decisions' on the 'About' tab", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Wacher, T., Wronski, T., Hammond, R.L., Winney, B., Blacket, M.J., Hundertmark, K.J., Mohammed, O.B., Omer, S.A., Macasero, W., Lerp, H., Plath, M. and Bleidorn, C. 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences reveals polyphyly in the goitred gazelle (_Gazella subgutturosa_). Conservation Genetics 12(3):827-831. doi:10.1007/s10592-010-0169-6|Groves, C.P. and Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 309 pp. doi:10.56021/9781421400938|Bärmann, E.V., Wronski, T., Lerp, H., Azanza, B., Börner, S., Erpenbeck, D., Rössner, G.E. and Wörheide, G. 2013. A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus _Gazella_ de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazelles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 169(3):673-696. doi:10.1111/zoj.12066" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1897.1.14.5", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/8abae493-03b5-4bd8-a317-092d4d13e43b" ], "locality": "Nejd, central Arabia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Oman", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "Turkey", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": "Fadakar, D., Mirzakhah, M., Naderi, S., Bärmann, E.V., Naseri Nasari, M., Mohammadi Gorji, F. and Rezaei, H.R. 2019. The first record of mitochondrial haplotypes of _Gazella marica_ (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) in wild populations in Iran. Mammalian Biology 95:181-187. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2018.05.011" }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Oman", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "Turkey", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Gazella marica", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0009", "mddId": "1006154", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006154", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Bovidae", "scientificName": "Gazella subgutturosa", "genus": "Gazella", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "subgutturosa", "authority": "(von Güldenstädt, 1780)", "faName": "آهوی ایرانی", "enName": "Goitered Gazelle", "otherCommonNames": [ "Turkmen Gazelle", "Yarkand Gazelle", "Persian Gazelle" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": true, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Ruminantia", "infraorder": "Pecora", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Bovoidea", "family": "Bovidae", "subfamily": "Antilopinae", "tribe": "Antilopini", "subtribe": "Antilopina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Antilope subgutturosa", "authorityCitation": "Güldenstädt, J.A. von. 1780. _Antilope subgutturosa_ descripta. Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 1778(1):251-274.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10130760", "nominalNames": [ "subgutturosa (von Güldenstädt, 1780)", "persica (J. E. Gray, 1843) [nomen nudum]", "yarkandensis Blanford, 1875", "hillieriana Heude, 1894", "mongolica Heude, 1894", "sairensis Lydekker, 1900", "typica Lydekker, 1900 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "yarcandensis Lydekker, 1900 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "seistanica Lydekker, 1910", "reginae Adlerberg, 1931", "gracilicornis Stroganov, 1956" ], "subspecies": "_G. s. hillieriana_ Heude, 1894 (synonyms: _mongolica_ Heude, 1894, _reginae_ Adlerberg, 1931, _sairensis_ Lydekker, 1900); _G. s. subgutturosa_ (Güldenstädt, 1780) (synonyms: _gracilicornis_ Строганов, 1956, _persica_ (Gray, 1843), _seistanica_ Lydekker, 1910, _typica_ Lydekker, 1900); _G. s. yarkandensis_ Blanford, 1875", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included G. marica; includes gracilicornis and yarkandensis, which were recognized by Groves & Grubb 2011; for additional information regarding the MDD's decision to not follow the Groves & Grubb 2011 Ungulate Taxonomy, see 'Subjective decisions' on the 'About' tab", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Groves, C.P. and Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 309 pp. doi:10.56021/9781421400938|Bärmann, E.V., Wronski, T., Lerp, H., Azanza, B., Börner, S., Erpenbeck, D., Rössner, G.E. and Wörheide, G. 2013. A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus _Gazella_ de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazelles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 169(3):673-696. doi:10.1111/zoj.12066" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "Georgia, steppes of E Transcaucasia, near Tbilisi.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Pakistan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Pakistan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Gazella subgutturosa", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Gazella subgutturosa", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0010", "mddId": "1006207", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006207", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Bovidae", "scientificName": "Ovis gmelinii", "genus": "Ovis", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "gmelinii", "authority": "E. Blyth, 1841", "faName": "قوچ و میش موفلون", "enName": "Asian Mouflon", "otherCommonNames": [ "Anatolian Sheep", "Armenian Wild Sheep", "Red Sheep", "Mouflon", "Asiatic Mouflon" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": true, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Ruminantia", "infraorder": "Pecora", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Bovoidea", "family": "Bovidae", "subfamily": "Antilopinae", "tribe": "Caprini", "subtribe": "Caprina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Ovis Gmelinii", "authorityCitation": "Blyth, E. 1841-03. An amended list of the species of the genus _Ovis_. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1840:62-81.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30571504", "nominalNames": [ "orientalis S. G. Gmelin, 1774", "orientalis Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1827 [preoccupied]", "gmelinii E. Blyth, 1841", "ophion E. Blyth, 1841", "cypria J. H. Blasius, 1842", "gmelini Lesson, 1842 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "gmellinii C. H. Smith, 1842 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "anatolica Valenciennes, 1856", "typica Lydekker, 1898 [nomen novum]", "urmiana Günther, 1899", "erskinei Lydekker, 1904", "laristanica Nasonov, 1909", "isphahanica Nasonov, 1910 [as emended]", "isphahanica Nasonov, 1911 [justified emendation]", "armeniana Nasonov, 1921", "isphaphanica Mammal Diversity Database, 2018 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "unpublished electronic]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "wild form of O. aries and includes introduced wild populations introduced to Europe in the 1800s and ancient introductions to the Mediterranean (ophion, musimon); gmelinii is used instead of orientalis since the name is originally based on a hybrid populations between O. gmelinii and O. vignei; includes laristanica and isphahanica, which were considered distinct by Groves & Grubb 2011; for additional information regarding the MDD's decision to not follow the Groves & Grubb 2011 Ungulate Taxonomy, see 'Subjective decisions' on the 'About' tab; spelling changed from 'gmelini' to 'gmelinii' to match the original description", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Gentry, A., Clutton-Brock, J. and Groves, C.P. 2004. The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives. Journal of Archaeological Science 31(5):645-651. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006|Rezaei, H.R., Naderi, S., Chintauan-Marquier, I.C., Taberlet, P., Virk, A.T., Naghash, H.R., Rioux, D., Kaboli, M. and Pompanon, F. 2010. Evolution and taxonomy of the wild species of the genus _Ovis_ (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Bovidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54(2):315-326. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.037|Groves, C.P. and Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 309 pp. doi:10.56021/9781421400938" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1855.12.24.396", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/3cb9fb4b-a42b-468d-bd91-492fe5e01f6c", "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/e0b40de7-7247-4e78-b67d-16fc47dc4aad", "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/f5f53a50-29a3-4d49-bcdc-fc587ca492f0" ], "locality": "Erzerum, Asia Minor (Turkey).", "latitude": "39.90861", "longitude": "41.27694" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Cyprus", "Iran", "Iraq", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Cyprus", "Iran", "Iraq", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Ovis gmelini", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0011", "mddId": "1006209", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006209", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Bovidae", "scientificName": "Ovis vignei", "genus": "Ovis", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "vignei", "authority": "E. Blyth, 1841", "faName": "قوچ و میش اوریال", "enName": "Urial", "otherCommonNames": [ "Shapo", "Arkars", "Shapu", "Ladakh Urial", "Transcaspian Urial", "Blandford's Urial", "Baluchistan Urial", "Bukhara Urial", "Afghan Urial", "Turkmenian Sheep", "Punjab Urial" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": true, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Ruminantia", "infraorder": "Pecora", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Bovoidea", "family": "Bovidae", "subfamily": "Antilopinae", "tribe": "Caprini", "subtribe": "Caprina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Ovis vignei", "authorityCitation": "Blyth, E. 1841-03. An amended list of the species of the genus _Ovis_. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1840:62-81.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30571505", "nominalNames": [ "vignei E. Blyth, 1841", "cycloceros T. Hutton, 1842", "arkal Eversmann, 1850", "arkar Brandt, 1852 [unjustified emendation]", "montana Cunningham, 1854 [preoccupied]", "vignii (J. E. Gray, 1872) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "blanfordi A. O. Hume, 1877", "typica Lydekker, 1898 [nomen novum]", "varentzowi Satunin, 1905", "arcar Nasonov, 1913 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "dolgopolovi Nasonov, 1913", "punjabiensis Lydekker, 1913", "bochariensis Nasonov, 1914", "arcar Sushkin, 1925 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "arabica Sopin & D. L. Harrison, 1986 [preoccupied]", "varentsowi Grubb, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "varenzovi Groves & Grubb, 2011 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from O. gmelini (previously orientalis); includes arabica, punjabiensis, cycloceros, and bochariensis, which were considered distinct by Groves & Grubb 2011; for additional information regarding the MDD's decision to not follow the Groves & Grubb 2011 Ungulate Taxonomy, see 'Subjective decisions' on the 'About' tab", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Rezaei, H.R., Naderi, S., Chintauan-Marquier, I.C., Taberlet, P., Virk, A.T., Naghash, H.R., Rioux, D., Kaboli, M. and Pompanon, F. 2010. Evolution and taxonomy of the wild species of the genus _Ovis_ (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Bovidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54(2):315-326. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.037|Groves, C.P. and Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 309 pp. doi:10.56021/9781421400938" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Astor, Kashmir.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "India", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Pakistan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Oman?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "India", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Pakistan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Oman?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Ovis vignei", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0012", "mddId": "1006286", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006286", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Cervidae", "scientificName": "Capreolus capreolus", "genus": "Capreolus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "capreolus", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "", "enName": "Western Roe Deer", "otherCommonNames": [ "European Roe Deer" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Ruminantia", "infraorder": "Pecora", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Cervoidea", "family": "Cervidae", "subfamily": "Capreolinae", "tribe": "Capreolini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Cervus Capreolus", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033879", "nominalNames": [ "capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)", "albus (Kerr, 1792)", "dorcas Burnett, 1830 [nomen nudum]", "vulgaris Fitzinger, 1832 [nomen novum]", "europaeus Gloger, 1841 [nomen novum]", "capraeus J. E. Gray, 1843 [nomen novum]", "caprea Bonaparte, 1845 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "plumbeus (H. G. L. Reichenbach, 1845)", "niger Fitzinger, 1875", "varius Fitzinger, 1875", "major (Regàlia, 1893) [preoccupied]", "transsylvanicus Matschie, 1907", "albicus Matschie, 1910", "balticus Matschie, 1910", "canus G. S. Miller, 1910", "caucasicus Dinnik, 1910", "rhenanus Matschie, 1910", "thotti Lönnberg, 1910", "warthae Matschie, 1912", "cistaunicus (Matschie, 1913)", "transvosagicus (Matschie, 1913)", "armenius Blackler, 1916", "decorus Cabrera, 1916", "joffrei Blackler, 1916", "zedlitzi Matschie, 1916", "coxi Cheesman & Hinton, 1923", "grandis Bolkay, 1925", "italicus Festa, 1925", "baleni V. E. Martino, 1933 [infrasubspecific]", "whittalli Barclay, 1936", "garganta Meunier, 1983", "illyricus E. von Lehmann & Sägesser, 1986 [nomen nudum]" ], "subspecies": "_C. c. canus_ Miller, 1910 (synonyms: _decorus_ Cabrera, 1916, _garganta_ Meunier, 1983); _C. c. capreolus_ (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonyms: _albicus_ Matschie, 1910, _albus_ (Kerr, 1792), _armenius_ Blackler, 1916, _baleni_ Martino, 1933, _balticus_ Matschie, 1910, _capraeus_ Gray, 1843, _cistaunicus_ (Matschie, 1913), _coxi_ Cheesman & Hinton, 1923, _dorcas_ Burnett, 1830, _europaeus_ Gloger, 1841, _grandis_ Bolkay, 1925, _illyricus_ Lehmann & Sägesser, 1986, _joffrei_ Blackler, 1916, _niger_ Fitzinger, 1875, _plumbeus_ (Reichenbach, 1845), _rhenanus_ Matschie, 1910, _thotti_ Lönnberg, 1910, _transsylvanicus_ Matschie, 1907, _transvosagicus_ (Matschie, 1913), _varius_ Fitzinger, 1875, _vulgaris_ Fitzinger, 1832, _warthae_ Matschie, 1912, _whittalli_ Barclay, 1936, _zedlitzi_ Matschie, 1916); _C. c. caucasicus_ Динник, 1910; _C. c. italicus_ Festa, 1925", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Capreolus capreolus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Capreolus capreolus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0013", "mddId": "1006313", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006313", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Cervidae", "scientificName": "Cervus elaphus", "genus": "Cervus", "subgenus": "Cervus", "specificEpithet": "elaphus", "authority": "Linnaeus, 1758", "faName": "گوزن مرال", "enName": "Western Red Deer", "otherCommonNames": [ "Stag", "Barbary Red Deer", "Bukhara Red Deer", "Caspian Red Deer", "Maral", "Thyrrenian Red Deer", "Persian Red Deer", "Turkish Red Deer", "Mesola Red Deer", "Barbary Stag", "Central European Red Deer", "Common Red Deer", "Norwegian Red Deer", "Scottish Red Deer", "Spanish Red Deer", "Corsican Red Deer", "Crimean Red Deer" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": true, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Ruminantia", "infraorder": "Pecora", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Cervoidea", "family": "Cervidae", "subfamily": "Cervinae", "tribe": "Cervini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Cervus Elaphus", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033878", "nominalNames": [ "elaphus Linnaeus, 1758", "corsicanus Erxleben, 1777", "hippelaphus Erxleben, 1777", "elephus W. Turton, 1802 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "primordialis von Schlotheim, 1820", "elephas J. E. Gray, 1821 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "fossilis Goldfuss, 1821 [preoccupied]", "albus A. G. Desmarest, 1822 [infrasubspecific", "preoccupied]", "germanicus A. G. Desmarest, 1822", "mediterraneus de Blainville, 1822", "barbarus E. T. Bennett, 1833", "primigenius Kaup, 1839", "priscus Kaup, 1839 [preoccupied]", "maral Ogilby, 1840 [nomen nudum]", "albifrons H. G. L. Reichenbach, 1845", "spelaeus (R. Owen, 1846)", "corsiniacus P. Gervais, 1848 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "maral J. E. Gray, 1850", "minor J. A. Wagner, 1855 [preoccupied]", "asiatica Severtzov, 1873 [nomen nudum]", "caspicus Brooke, 1874", "varius Fitzinger, 1874", "caspius von Radde, 1886", "siciliae Pohlig, 1893", "typicus Lydekker, 1898 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "campestris Botezat, 1903 [preoccupied]", "montanus Botezat, 1903 [preoccupied]", "vulgaris Botezat, 1903 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "atlanticus Lönnberg, 1906", "scoticus Lönnberg, 1906", "albicus Matschie, 1907", "bajovaricus Matschie, 1907", "balticus Matschie, 1907", "rhenanus Matschie, 1907 [preoccupied]", "hispanicus Hilzheimer, 1909", "bolivari Cabrera, 1911", "debilis Matschie, 1912", "neglectus Matschie, 1912", "saxonicus Matschie, 1912", "visurgensis Matschie, 1912", "austriacus Matschie, 1913", "caucasicus Winans, 1914 [nomen nudum]", "brauneri Charlemagne, 1920", "priscus Soergel, 1923 [preoccupied]", "tauricus Fortunatov, 1925", "acoronatus Beninde, 1937", "angulatus Beninde, 1937", "benindei O. Kleinschmidt, 1938", "mauerensis Haupt, 1938 [nomen nudum]", "mosbachensis Haupt, 1938 [nomen nudum]", "jerseyensis Zeuner, 1940", "carpathicus Tatarinov, 1956", "elaphoides Kahlke, 1960 [preoccupied]", "aretinus Azzaroli, 1962", "tyrrhenicus Azzaroli, 1962", "rianensis Leonardi & Petronio, 1974", "eostephanoceros Di Stefano & Petronio, 1993", "reichenaui Kahlke, 1996 [nomen novum]", "simplicidens J.-L. Guadelli, 1996 [preoccupied]", "pannoniensis Banwell, 1997", "italicus Zachos, Mattioli, Ferretti, & Lorenzini, 2014" ], "subspecies": "_C. e. acoronatus_ Beninde, 1937 (fossil; synonyms: _elaphoides_ Kahlke, 1960, _mosbachensis_ Haupt, 1938, _reichenaui_ Kahlke, 1996); _C. e. angulatus_ Beninde, 1937 (fossil); _C. e. barbarus_ Bennett, 1833; _C. e. benindei_ Kleinschmidt, 1938 (fossil; synonyms: _mauerensis_ Haupt, 1938, _priscus_ Soergel, 1923); _C. e. brauneri_ Charlemagne, 1920 (synonyms: _tauricus_ Fortunatov, 1925); _C. e. corsicanus_ Erxleben, 1777 (synonyms: _mediterraneus_ Blainville, 1822, _minor_ Wagner, 1855); _C. e. elaphus_ Linnaeus, 1758 (synonyms: _albicus_ Matschie, 1907, _albifrons_ Reichenbach, 1845, _albus_ Desmarest, 1822, _atlanticus_ Lönnberg, 1906, _austriacus_ Matschie, 1913, _bajovaricus_ Matschie, 1907, _balticus_ Matschie, 1907, _bolivari_ Cabrera, 1911, _debilis_ Matschie, 1912, _germanicus_ Desmarest, 1822, _hippelaphus_ Erxleben, 1777, _hispanicus_ Hilzheimer, 1909, _montanus_ Botezat, 1903, _neglectus_ Matschie, 1912, _rhenanus_ Matschie, 1907, _saxonicus_ Matschie, 1912, _scoticus_ Lönnberg, 1906, _typicus_ Lydekker, 1898, _varius_ Fitzinger, 1874, _visurgensis_ Matschie, 1912, _vulgaris_ Botezat, 1903); _C. e. italicus_ Zachos, Mattioli, Ferretti & Lorenzini, 2014; _C. e. jerseyensis_ Zeuner, 1940 (fossil); _C. e. maral_ Gray, 1850 (synonyms: _caspicus_ Brooke, 1874, _caspius_ Radde, 1886, _caucasicus_ Winans, 1914); _C. e. pannoniensis_ Banwell, 1997 (synonyms: _campestris_ Botezat, 1903, _carpathicus_ Tatarinov, 1956); _C. e. rianensis_ Leonardi & Petronio, 1974 (fossil; synonyms: _eostephanoceros_ Di Stefano & Petronio, 1993); _C. e. siciliae_ Pohlig, 1893 (fossil); _C. e. tyrrhenicus_ Azzaroli, 1962 (fossil)", "taxonomyNotes": "includes maral, corsicanus, pannoniensis which were considered distinct by Groves & Grubb 2011; previously included C. hanglu and C. canadensis; for additional information regarding the MDD's decision to not follow the Groves & Grubb 2011 Ungulate Taxonomy, see 'Subjective decisions' on the 'About' tab", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Groves, C.P. and Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 309 pp. doi:10.56021/9781421400938|Lorenzini, R. and Garofalo, L. 2015. Insights into the evolutionary history of _Cervus_ (Cervidae, tribe Cervini) based on Bayesian analysis of mitochondrial marker sequences, with first indications for a new species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 53(4):340-349. doi:10.1111/jzs.12104|Meiri, M., Kosintsev, P., Conroy, K., Meiri, S., Barnes, I. and Lister, A. 2018. Subspecies dynamics in space and time: A study of the red deer complex using ancient and modern DNA and morphology. Journal of Biogeography 45(2):367-380. doi:10.1111/jbi.13124|Pascariello, K. M., Mori, E., Ancillotto, L., Genovese, M., Viviano, A., Viliani, M., & Baratti, M. (2026). A first step in disentangling the roles of human releases and glaciation in shaping red deer mtDNA lineage distribution in peninsular Italy. Mammalian Biology, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-026-00609-z" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Italy", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Italy", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Cervus elaphus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Cervus elaphus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0014", "mddId": "1006317", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006317", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Cervidae", "scientificName": "Dama mesopotamica", "genus": "Dama", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "mesopotamica", "authority": "(Brooke, 1875)", "faName": "گوزن زرد ایرانی", "enName": "Persian Fallow Deer", "otherCommonNames": [ "Mesopotamian Fallow Deer" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "EN", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Ruminantia", "infraorder": "Pecora", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Cervoidea", "family": "Cervidae", "subfamily": "Cervinae", "tribe": "Cervini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Cervus (Dama) mesopotamicus", "authorityCitation": "Brooke, V., 3rd Baronet. 1875-08. On a new species of deer from Mesopotamia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875(2):261-266.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28501481", "nominalNames": [ "mesopotamica (Brooke, 1875)", "mesopotamiae (Trouessart, 1905) [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from D. dama", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Masseti, M., Pecchioli, E. and Vernesi, C. 2008. Phylogeography of the last surviving populations of Rhodian and Anatolian fallow deer (_Dama dama dama_ L., 1758). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 93(4):835-844. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00951.x" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1895.4.7.1, BMNH:Mamm:1897.11.11.1, BMNH:Mamm:1897.11.11.2", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Israel" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Israel" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Dama mesopotamica", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0015", "mddId": "1006411", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006411", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Delphinus delphis", "genus": "Delphinus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "delphis", "authority": "Linnaeus, 1758", "faName": "دلفین معمولی", "enName": "Panglobal Common Dolphin", "otherCommonNames": [ "Atlantic Dolphin", "Common Dolphin", "Criss-cross Dolphin", "Pacific Dolphin", "Saddle-backed Dolphin", "Short-beaked Saddleback Dolphin", "White-bellied Porpoise", "Black Sea Common Dolphin", "Short-beaked Common Dolphin", "Long-beaked Common Dolphin" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "Delphininae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Delphinus Delphis", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033888", "nominalNames": [ "delphis Linnaeus, 1758", "vulgaris de Lacépède, 1804", "delpis F. S. Voigt, 1819 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "capensis J. E. Gray, 1828", "longirostris G. Cuvier, 1829 [preoccupied]", "novaezelandiae Quoy & Gaimard, 1830", "loriger Wiegmann, 1840", "zelandiae J. E. Gray, 1843 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "novaezeelandiae J. A. Wagner, 1846 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "forsteri J. E. Gray, 1847", "fulvifasciatus J. A. Wagner, 1847", "janira J. E. Gray, 1847", "albimanus T. R. Peale, 1849", "novaezealandiae J. E. Gray, 1850 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "frithii E. Blyth, 1859", "algeriensis Loche, 1860", "algiriensis A. Murray, 1866 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "major J. E. Gray, 1866", "microps Burmeister, 1866 [preoccupied]", "moorei J. E. Gray, 1866 [unjustified emendation]", "moorii J. E. Gray, 1866", "pomeegra R. Owen, 1866", "walkeri J. E. Gray, 1866", "decastelnau (P. J. Van Beneden, 1873) [not intended as a scientific name]", "fulvofasciatus (P. J. Van Beneden & P. Gervais, 1879) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "tasmaniensis (P. J. Van Beneden & P. Gervais, 1879)", "fulviofasciatus (P. J. Van Beneden & P. Gervais, 1880) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "balteatus P. Fischer, 1881", "fusus P. Fischer, 1881", "moschatus P. Fischer, 1881", "souverbianus P. Fischer, 1881", "variegatus P. Fischer, 1881", "curvirostris Riggio, 1883", "dussumieri Blanford, 1891 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "sowerbianus Trouessart, 1898 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "frithi Trouessart, 1905 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "roseiventris Ogawa, 1932 [preoccupied]", "ponticus Barabash, 1935", "tropicalis Van Bree, 1971 [nomen novum]" ], "subspecies": "_D. d. delphis_ Linnaeus, 1758 (synonyms: _albimanus_ Peale, 1849, _algeriensis_ Loche, 1860, _balteatus_ Fischer, 1881, _capensis_ Gray, 1828, _curvirostris_ Riggio, 1883, _decastelnau_ (Van Beneden, 1873), _forsteri_ Gray, 1847, _frithii_ Blyth, 1859, _fulvifasciatus_ Wagner, 1847, _fusus_ Fischer, 1881, _janira_ Gray, 1847, _major_ Gray, 1866, _marginatus_ Lafont, 1868, _microps_ Burmeister, 1866, _moorii_ Gray, 1866, _moschatus_ Fischer, 1881, _novaezelandiae_ Quoy & Gaimard, 1830, _pomeegra_ Owen, 1866, _roseiventris_ Ogawa, 1932, _souverbianus_ Fischer, 1881, _tasmaniensis_ (Van Beneden & Gervais, 1879), _variegatus_ Fischer, 1881, _vulgaris_ Lacépède, 1804, _walkeri_ Gray, 1866); _D. d. ponticus_ Барабаш, 1935; _D. d. tropicalis_ Van Bree, 1971 (synonyms: _dussumieri_ Blanford, 1891, _longirostris_ Cuvier, 1829)", "taxonomyNotes": "includes capensis and previously included D. bairdii", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Cunha, H.A., de Castro, R.L., Secchi, E.R., Crespo, E.A., Lailson-Brito, J., Azevedo, A.F., Lazoski, C. and Solé-Cava, A.M. 2015. Molecular and morphological differentiation of common dolphins (_Delphinus_ sp.) in the southwestern Atlantic: testing the two species hypothesis in sympatry. PLoS ONE 10(11):e0140251. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140251" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Oceano Europæo.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Argentina", "Australia", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Brazil", "Bulgaria", "Canada", "Chile", "China", "Christmas Island", "Colombia", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "El Salvador", "Eritrea", "France", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Greenland", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Honduras", "Iceland", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Japan", "Kuwait", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Malta", "Mauritania", "Mexico", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Namibia", "Netherlands", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "North Korea", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Panama", "Peru", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Slovenia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Suriname", "Syria", "Taiwan", "Thailand", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "Uruguay", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Yemen", "Bangladesh?", "Benin?", "Cambodia?", "Cameroon?", "Equatorial Guinea?", "French Guiana?", "Ghana?", "Iraq?", "Kenya?", "Liberia?", "Morocco?", "Mozambique?", "Myanmar?", "Nigeria?", "Qatar?", "Sierra Leone?", "Singapore?", "Somalia?", "Tanzania?", "Togo?", "Trinidad and Tobago?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(CA,MA,NC,NJ,NY,RI,VA,CT?,DC?,DE?,HI?,MD?,NH?,OR?)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Argentina", "Australia", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Brazil", "Bulgaria", "Canada", "Chile", "China", "Christmas Island", "Colombia", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "El Salvador", "Eritrea", "France", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Greenland", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Honduras", "Iceland", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Japan", "Kuwait", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Malta", "Mauritania", "Mexico", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Namibia", "Netherlands", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "North Korea", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Panama", "Peru", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Slovenia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Suriname", "Syria", "Taiwan", "Thailand", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "Uruguay", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Yemen", "Bangladesh?", "Benin?", "Cambodia?", "Cameroon?", "Equatorial Guinea?", "French Guiana?", "Ghana?", "Iraq?", "Kenya?", "Liberia?", "Morocco?", "Mozambique?", "Myanmar?", "Nigeria?", "Qatar?", "Sierra Leone?", "Singapore?", "Somalia?", "Tanzania?", "Togo?", "Trinidad and Tobago?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Delphinus delphis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Delphinus delphis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0016", "mddId": "1006412", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006412", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Feresa attenuata", "genus": "Feresa", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "attenuata", "authority": "J. E. Gray, 1874", "faName": "", "enName": "Pygmy Killer Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Slender Blackfish", "Slender Pilot Whale" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "Globicephalinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Feresa attenuata", "authorityCitation": "Gray, J.E. 1874-09-01. Description of the skull of a new species of dolphin (_Feresa attenuata_). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)14(81):238-239.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15611806", "nominalNames": [ "intermedia (J. E. Gray, 1827) [preoccupied]", "attenuata J. E. Gray, 1874", "occulta J. K. Jones & Packard, 1956 [nomen novum]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "molecular data suggests there may be cryptic species within what is currently recognized as F. attenuata, but further research is needed to confirm this", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Hancock-Hanser, B.L., Baird, R.W., Archer, F.I., II, Rosel, P.E., Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A., Dolar, L., Wilcox Talbot, L.A. and Martien, K.K. 2026. The shyest blackfish: The global phylogeography of the pygmy killer whale (_Feresa attenuata_) suggests considerable population structure and an unrecognized taxon. Marine Mammal Science 42(1):e70127. doi:10.1111/mms.70127" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1874.11.25.1 (= BMNH:Mamm:1672a)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/23b4a6e6-7019-483b-a300-4762b811636b", "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/da78fd87-abd8-4be2-8d1a-f0cd6a6062c1" ], "locality": "\"South Seas.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Algeria", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Cayman Islands", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Grenada", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Italy", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Mauritania", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Nauru", "New Caledonia", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "North Korea", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Republic of the Congo", "Saba", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tokelau", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Angola?", "Namibia?", "Seychelles?", "Tuvalu?", "Uruguay?", "Vanuatu?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(AL,FL,HI,LA,MI,TX)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Algeria", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Cayman Islands", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Grenada", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Italy", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Mauritania", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Nauru", "New Caledonia", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "North Korea", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Republic of the Congo", "Saba", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tokelau", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Angola?", "Namibia?", "Seychelles?", "Tuvalu?", "Uruguay?", "Vanuatu?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Feresa attenuata", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Feresa attenuata", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0017", "mddId": "1006413", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006413", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Globicephala macrorhynchus", "genus": "Globicephala", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "macrorhynchus", "authority": "J. E. Gray, 1847", "faName": "", "enName": "Short-finned Pilot Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Pacific Pilot Whale", "Southern Blackfish", "Southern Pothead Whale" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "Globicephalinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Globiocephalus macrorhynchus", "authorityCitation": "Gray, J.E. 1847-01-29. On the cetaceous animals. Pp. 13–53 in Richardson, J. and Gray, J.E. 1844-1875. The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Erebus & Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843. Vol. I. Mammalia, Birds. E. W. Janson, London, not continuously paginated pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6957464", "nominalNames": [ "fusca (H. G. L. Reichenbach, 1846) [preoccupied]", "macrorhynchus J. E. Gray, 1847", "sieboldii J. E. Gray, 1847", "indica E. Blyth, 1852", "scammonii Cope, 1869", "guadalupensis J. E. Gray, 1870 [nomen nudum]", "australis J. E. Gray, 1871 [nomen nudum]", "guadaloupensis J. E. Gray, 1871", "propinqua Malm, 1871", "sibo J. E. Gray, 1871", "brachyptera Cope, 1876", "scammoni F. W. 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Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Tuvalu", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Montserrat?", "Norfolk Island?", "Tokelau?", "Uruguay?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(FL,HI,AK?,CA?,GA?,MA?,NC?,SC?)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", 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"Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Republic of the Congo", "Russia", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Tuvalu", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Montserrat?", "Norfolk Island?", "Tokelau?", "Uruguay?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Globicephala macrorhynchus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Globicephala macrorhynchus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0018", "mddId": "1006415", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006415", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Grampus griseus", "genus": "Grampus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "griseus", "authority": "(G. Cuvier, 1812)", "faName": "دلفین ریسو", "enName": "Risso's Dolphin", "otherCommonNames": [ "Grampus", "Gray Dolphin", "Gray Grampus", "Risso's Grampus", "White-headed Grampus" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "Globicephalinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "delphinus griseus", "authorityCitation": "Cuvier, G. 1812-08. Rapport fait à la classe des Sciences mathématiques et physiques, sur divers Cétacés pris sur les côtes de France, principalement sur ceux qui sont échoués près de Paimpol, le 7 janvier 1812. Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle 19:1-16.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3499194", "nominalNames": [ "aries (G. Cuvier, 1812)", "griseus (G. Cuvier, 1812)", "rissoanus (A. G. Desmarest, 1822)", "risso (Risso, 1826) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "rissonnus (F. Cuvier, 1836) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "rissii (R. Hamilton, 1837)", "rissii (Anonymous, 1838) [preoccupied]", "rissonus (C. F. Cuvier, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "cuvieri J. E. Gray, 1846 [nomen novum]", "sakamata J. E. Gray, 1847", "richardsonii J. E. Gray, 1850", "stearnsii Dall, 1873", "souverbianus P. Fischer, 1881", "richardsoni Trouessart, 1905 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "stearnsi Trouessart, 1905 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "exilis (Iredale & Troughton, 1933)", "kuzira (Iredale & Troughton, 1933)", "rissoi (G. M. Allen, 1938) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "sakata Tomilin, 1957 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "aires (Jefferson, 2021) [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-AC-1944-307, MNHN-ZM-AC-1945-4, MNHN \"CAG B II/156\"", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"envoyé de Brest,\" Finistère, France.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Algeria", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Barbados", "Bermuda", "Brazil", "Canada", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Croatia", "Cuba", "Cyprus", "Denmark", "Dominica", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Germany", "Ghana", "Greece", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea-Bissau", "Haiti", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Lebanon", "Madagascar", "Maldives", "Malta", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "North Korea", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Puerto Rico", "Russia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Sweden", "Syria", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Yemen", "Albania?", "American Samoa?", "Bahrain?", "Bangladesh?", "Belgium?", "Belize?", "Benin?", "Bonaire?", "Bosnia and Herzegovina?", "British Virgin Islands?", "Brunei?", "Cambodia?", "Cameroon?", "Cape Verde?", "Cocos Islands?", "Curaçao?", "Democratic Republic of the Congo?", "Djibouti?", "Dominican Republic?", "El Salvador?", "Equatorial Guinea?", "Fiji?", "Guinea?", "Guyana?", "Honduras?", "Jordan?", "Kiribati?", "Liberia?", "Malaysia?", "Marshall Islands?", "Micronesia?", "Montenegro?", "Montserrat?", "Myanmar?", "Namibia?", "Nauru?", "Netherlands?", "Nicaragua?", "Nigeria?", "Niue?", "Northern Marianas?", "Palau?", "Pitcairn?", "Portugal?", "Qatar?", "Republic of the Congo?", "Saba?", "Saint Kitts and Nevis?", "Saint Lucia?", "Sierra Leone?", "Singapore?", "Sint Eustatius?", "Sint Maarten?", "Slovenia?", "Suriname?", "São Tomé and Príncipe?", "Togo?", "Turks and Caicos Islands?", "Tuvalu?", "Wallis and Futuna?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(AK,CA,HI,OR,DC?,FL?,LA?,MA?,MD?,NC?,NJ?,NY?,RI?,VA?,WA?)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Algeria", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Barbados", "Bermuda", "Brazil", "Canada", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Croatia", "Cuba", "Cyprus", "Denmark", "Dominica", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Germany", "Ghana", "Greece", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea-Bissau", "Haiti", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Lebanon", "Madagascar", "Maldives", "Malta", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "North Korea", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Puerto Rico", "Russia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Sweden", "Syria", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Yemen", "Albania?", "American Samoa?", "Bahrain?", "Bangladesh?", "Belgium?", "Belize?", "Benin?", "Bonaire?", "Bosnia and Herzegovina?", "British Virgin Islands?", "Brunei?", "Cambodia?", "Cameroon?", "Cape Verde?", "Cocos Islands?", "Curaçao?", "Democratic Republic of the Congo?", "Djibouti?", "Dominican Republic?", "El Salvador?", "Equatorial Guinea?", "Fiji?", "Guinea?", "Guyana?", "Honduras?", "Jordan?", "Kiribati?", "Liberia?", "Malaysia?", "Marshall Islands?", "Micronesia?", "Montenegro?", "Montserrat?", "Myanmar?", "Namibia?", "Nauru?", "Netherlands?", "Nicaragua?", "Nigeria?", "Niue?", "Northern Marianas?", "Palau?", "Pitcairn?", "Portugal?", "Qatar?", "Republic of the Congo?", "Saba?", "Saint Kitts and Nevis?", "Saint Lucia?", "Sierra Leone?", "Singapore?", "Sint Eustatius?", "Sint Maarten?", "Slovenia?", "Suriname?", "São Tomé and Príncipe?", "Togo?", "Turks and Caicos Islands?", "Tuvalu?", "Wallis and Futuna?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Grampus griseus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Grampus griseus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0019", "mddId": "1006423", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006423", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Orcinus orca", "genus": "Orcinus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "orca", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "نهنگ قاتل", "enName": "Common Killer Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Orca" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": true, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "incertae sedis", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Delphinus Orca", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033888", "nominalNames": [ "orca (Linnaeus, 1758)", "microps (O. Fabricius, 1780) [preoccupied]", "serra (Borowski, 1781)", "gladiator (J. P. Bonnaterre, 1789)", "ensidorsatus (Kerr, 1792)", "duhameli (de Lacépède, 1804)", "duhamelii (G. Fischer, 1814) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "grampus (A. G. Desmarest, 1817)", "capensis (J. E. Gray, 1847)", "victorini (J. W. Grill, 1858)", "eschrichtii (J. T. Reinhardt in Eschricht, 1866)", "magellanicus (Burmeister, 1866)", "schlegelii (Lilljeborg, 1866)", "australis (J. E. Gray, 1870) [nomen nudum]", "latirostris (J. E. Gray, 1870)", "pacificus (J. E. Gray, 1870)", "stenorhynchus (J. E. Gray, 1870)", "africanus (J. E. Gray, 1871)", "arcticus (P. Gervais, 1871)", "australis (P. Gervais, 1871)", "europaeus (P. Gervais, 1871)", "minor (A. W. Malm, 1871)", "tasmanicus (J. E. Gray, 1871)", "fuscus (Dall, 1874)", "antarcticus (P. Fischer, 1876)", "tasmanica (P. J. Van Beneden & P. Gervais, 1880) [nomen nudum]", "minor (Trouessart, 1898) [not used as valid]", "eschrichti Trouessart, 1905 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "tasmaniensis (Cabrera, 1961) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "moerzerbruynsus Heintzelman, 1981", "nanus Mikhalev & Ivashin, 1981 [nomen nudum]", "glacialis Berzin & Vladimirov, 1982" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "previously included O. ater and O. rectipinnus, but O. orca is still paraphyletic as a result of these splits and further taxonomic work is needed to establish species limits within Orcinus more broadly", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Morin, P.A., McCarthy, M.L., Fung, C.W., Durban, J.W., Parsons, K.M., Perrin, W.F., Taylor, B.L., Jefferson, T.A. and Archer, F.I., II. 2024. Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales (_Orcinus orca_): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status. Royal Society Open Science 11(3):231368. doi:10.1098/rsos.231368" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Oceano Europæo.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Algeria", "American Samoa", "Anguilla", "Antarctica", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Christmas Island", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Falkland Islands", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "French Southern and Antarctic Lands", "Gabon", 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Futuna", "Angola?", "Bahrain?", "Belgium?", "Croatia?", "Cyprus?", "Egypt?", "Eritrea?", "Finland?", "Greece?", "Kuwait?", "Lebanon?", "Libya?", "Malta?", "Mayotte?", "Montenegro?", "Montserrat?", "Norfolk Island?", "North Korea?", "Qatar?", "Réunion?", "Saudi Arabia?", "Seychelles?", "South Korea?", "Sudan?", "Sweden?", "Syria?", "Tokelau?", "Turkey?", "Turks and Caicos Islands?", "Tuvalu?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Orcinus orca", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Orcinus orca", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0020", "mddId": "1006424", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006424", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Peponocephala electra", "genus": "Peponocephala", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "electra", "authority": "(J. E. Gray, 1847)", "faName": "", "enName": "Melon-headed Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Electra Dolphin", "Little Killer Whale", "Many-toothed Blackfish" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "Globicephalinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Lagenorhynchus Electra", "authorityCitation": "Gray, J.E. 1847-01-29. On the cetaceous animals. Pp. 13–53 in Richardson, J. and Gray, J.E. 1844-1875. The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Erebus & Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839 to 1843. Vol. I. Mammalia, Birds. E. W. Janson, London, not continuously paginated pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6957466", "nominalNames": [ "asia (J. E. Gray, 1847)", "electra (J. E. Gray, 1847)", "pectoralis (T. R. Peale, 1849)", "fusiformis (R. Owen, 1866)", "fusiformis (J. E. Gray, 1866) [nomen nudum]", "obtusa (J. E. Gray, 1868) [nomen novum]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1844.10.5.3", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/1ad6426f-3d89-4905-b6c7-7344181162ac", "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/c346c400-8b42-4940-921b-8bda484c26de", "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/c346c400-8b42-4940-921b-8bda484c26de/1691366400000" ], "locality": "type locality unknown.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Montserrat", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "New Caledonia", "Nicaragua", "Niue", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Puerto Rico", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Cote d'Ivoire?", "Democratic Republic of the Congo?", "Equatorial Guinea?", "Nigeria?", "North Korea?", "Republic of the Congo?", "Saint Helena?", "South Korea?", "São Tomé and Príncipe?", "Tuvalu?", "Uruguay?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(HI,AL?,FL?,LA?,TX?)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Montserrat", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "New Caledonia", "Nicaragua", "Niue", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Puerto Rico", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Cote d'Ivoire?", "Democratic Republic of the Congo?", "Equatorial Guinea?", "Nigeria?", "North Korea?", "Republic of the Congo?", "Saint Helena?", "South Korea?", "São Tomé and Príncipe?", "Tuvalu?", "Uruguay?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Peponocephala electra", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Peponocephala electra", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0021", "mddId": "1006425", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006425", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Pseudorca crassidens", "genus": "Pseudorca", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "crassidens", "authority": "(R. Owen, 1846)", "faName": "", "enName": "False Killer Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "False Pilot Whale" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "Globicephalinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Phocaena crassidens", "authorityCitation": "Owen, R. 1846. [Part 3]. Pp. 449–558 in Owen, R. A History of British Fossil Mammals, and Birds. John van Voorst, London, 558 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/56885518", "nominalNames": [ "dalippus (Rafinesque, 1814)", "crassidens (R. Owen, 1846)", "meridionalis (W. H. Flower, 1865)", "destructor (Cope, 1866)", "grayi (Burmeister, 1867)", "grayii (J. E. Gray, 1870) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "mediterranea Giglioli, 1882" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"in the great fen of Lincolnshire beneath the turf [subfossil], in the neighborhood of the ancient town of Stamford,\" England, UK.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "American Samoa", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Croatia", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Eritrea", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Germany", "Ghana", "Greece", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Kuwait", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Malta", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Netherlands", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Northern Marianas", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Saba", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Suriname", "Syria", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tokelau", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turkmenistan", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Angola?", "Belgium?", "Bosnia and Herzegovina?", "Comoros?", "Cyprus?", "Iraq?", "Lebanon?", "Libya?", "Mauritius?", "Montenegro?", "Montserrat?", "Nauru?", "Norfolk Island?", "North Korea?", "Palestine?", "Poland?", "Russia?", "Réunion?", "Slovenia?", "Sweden?", "Tunisia?", "Tuvalu?", "United States?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(HI,FL?)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": 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"Mauritania", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Netherlands", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Northern Marianas", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Saba", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Suriname", "Syria", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tokelau", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turkmenistan", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Angola?", "Belgium?", "Bosnia and Herzegovina?", "Comoros?", "Cyprus?", "Iraq?", "Lebanon?", "Libya?", "Mauritius?", "Montenegro?", "Montserrat?", "Nauru?", "Norfolk Island?", "North Korea?", "Palestine?", "Poland?", "Russia?", "Réunion?", "Slovenia?", "Sweden?", "Tunisia?", "Tuvalu?", "United States?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Pseudorca crassidens", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Pseudorca crassidens", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0022", "mddId": "1006433", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006433", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Sousa plumbea", "genus": "Sousa", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "plumbea", "authority": "(G. Cuvier, 1829)", "faName": "", "enName": "Indian Humpback Dolphin", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "EN", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "Delphininae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Delphinus plumbeus", "authorityCitation": "Cuvier, G. 1829. Le Règne animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée. Tome I. Déterville et Crochard, Paris, 584 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33374130", "nominalNames": [ "plumbea (G. Cuvier, 1829)", "lentiginosa (J. E. Gray, 1866)", "fergusoni (Lydekker, 1904)", "zambezica (de Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from S. chinensis", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Jefferson, T.A. and Rosenbaum, H.C. 2014. Taxonomic revision of the humpback dolphins (_Sousa_ spp.), and description of a new species from Australia. Marine Mammal Science 30(4):1494-1541. doi:10.1111/mms.12152" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-AC-A3051, MNHN-ZM-AC-A3053, MNHN \"CGZ 31\"", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "Malabar, N Kerala, SW India.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Bahrain", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Madagascar", "Mayotte", "Mozambique", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Tanzania", "Turkey", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Bangladesh?", "Comoros?", "Israel?", "Myanmar?", "Turkey?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Bahrain", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Madagascar", "Mayotte", "Mozambique", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Tanzania", "Turkey", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Bangladesh?", "Comoros?", "Israel?", "Myanmar?", "Turkey?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Sousa plumbea", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0023", "mddId": "1006438", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006438", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Stenella coeruleoalba", "genus": "Stenella", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "coeruleoalba", "authority": "(Meyen, 1833)", "faName": "", "enName": "Striped Dolphin", "otherCommonNames": [ "Blue-white Dolphin", "Euphrosyne Dolphin", "Gray's Dolphin", "Meyen's Dolphin", "Streaker Porpoise", "Whitebelly" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "Delphininae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Delphinus coeruleo-albus", "authorityCitation": "Meyen, F.J.F. 1833. Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde. Zweite Abhandlung. Säugethiere. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 16(2):549-610.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38634629", "nominalNames": [ "coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833)", "caesureoalbus (Lesson, 1836) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "caeruleoalbus (J. E. Gray, 1847) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "euphrosyne (J. E. Gray, 1847)", "holbollii (S. Nilsson, 1847) [not used as valid]", "styx (J. E. Gray, 1847)", "lateralis (T. R. Peale, 1849)", "tethyos (P. Gervais, 1853)", "marginata (Duvernoy, 1856)", "mediterranea (Loche, 1860)", "asthenops (Cope, 1865)", "crotaphisca (Cope, 1865)", "dorcides (J. E. Gray, 1866)", "dorides (J. E. Gray, 1866) [nomen novum]", "euphrosine (A. Murray, 1866) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "euphrosynoides (J. E. Gray, 1868) [nomen novum]", "burmeisteri (A. W. Malm, 1871)", "esthenops (J. E. Gray, 1871) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "amphitriteus (R. A. Philippi, 1893)", "doreides (Trouessart, 1898) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "euphrosinoides (Trouessart, 1898) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "caeruoleoalbus Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "holboellii (Jefferson, 2021) [unjustified emendation]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMB 51226", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"an der östlichen Küste von Südamerika; wir harpunirten ihn in der Gegend des Rio de la Plata,\" off coast of Argentina and Uruguay, South America.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Croatia", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Cyprus", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Germany", "Greece", "Greenland", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Kuwait", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Montenegro", "Montserrat", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Netherlands", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Russia", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Slovenia", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Argentina?", "Belgium?", "Bosnia and Herzegovina?", "Eritrea?", "Iraq?", "Lithuania?", "Mayotte?", "Nauru?", "North Korea?", "Norway?", "Poland?", "Seychelles?", "South Korea?", "Sudan?", "Sweden?", "Tuvalu?", "Vanuatu?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(AL,CA,CT,DC,DE,FL,GA,HI,LA,MA,ME,MI,NC,NH,NJ,NY,RI,SC,TX,VA)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Croatia", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Cyprus", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Germany", "Greece", "Greenland", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", 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Islands", "Uruguay", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Argentina?", "Belgium?", "Bosnia and Herzegovina?", "Eritrea?", "Iraq?", "Lithuania?", "Mayotte?", "Nauru?", "North Korea?", "Norway?", "Poland?", "Seychelles?", "South Korea?", "Sudan?", "Sweden?", "Tuvalu?", "Vanuatu?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Stenella coeruleoalba", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Stenella coeruleoalba", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0024", "mddId": "1006440", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006440", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Stenella longirostris", "genus": "Stenella", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "longirostris", "authority": "(J. E. Gray, 1828)", "faName": "", "enName": "Spinner Dolphin", "otherCommonNames": [ "Long-beaked Dolphin", "Long-snouted Dolphin", "Pantropical Spinner Dolphin", "Gray's Spinner Dolphin", "Central American Spinner Dolphin", "Eastern Spinner Dolphin", "Dwarf Spinner Dolphin" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "Delphininae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Delphinus longirostris", "authorityCitation": "Gray, J.E. 1828. Spicilegia Zoologica; or original figures and short systematic descriptions of new and unfigured animals. Part I. Treuttel, Wurtz, and Co., London, 8 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://wellcomecollection.org/works/fjskjwff", "nominalNames": [ "longirostris (J. E. Gray, 1828)", "roseiventris (J. A. Wagner, 1846)", "microps (J. E. Gray, 1847)", "alope (J. E. Gray, 1850)", "stenorhyncha (J. E. Gray, 1866) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "stenorhynchus (J. E. Gray, 1866) [preoccupied]", "roseoventris (J. E. Gray, 1870) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "kunitomoi (T. Ogawa, 1950)", "kunitomoi Nishiwaki, 1957 [nomen nudum]", "centroamericana Perrin, 1990", "orientalis Perrin, 1990" ], "subspecies": "_S. l. centroamericana_ Perrin, 1990; _S. l. longirostris_ (Gray, 1828) (synonyms: _alope_ (Gray, 1850), _kunitomoi_ Nishiwaki, 1957, _kunitomoi_ Ogawa, 1950, _microps_ (Gray, 1847), _stenorhynchus_ (Gray, 1866)); _S. l. orientalis_ Perrin, 1990; _S. l. roseiventris_ (Wagner, 1846)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "RMNH.MAM.8676", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.8676" ], "locality": "no type locality given. Later designated by J. E. Gray in 1850 to \"Inhab. Southern Ocean.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "American Samoa", "Andaman and Nicobar Islands", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Belize", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "China", "Christmas Island", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "El Salvador", "Eritrea", "Fiji", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Galápagos Islands", "Ghana", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Israel", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Kuwait", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", 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"Sierra Leone?", "South Korea?", "São Tomé and Príncipe?", "Togo?", "Tokelau?", "Turks and Caicos Islands?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(FL,HI,LA?,NC?,SC?,TX?)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "American Samoa", "Andaman and Nicobar Islands", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Belize", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "China", "Christmas Island", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "El Salvador", "Eritrea", "Fiji", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Galápagos Islands", "Ghana", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Israel", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Kuwait", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Niue", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Puerto Rico", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Suriname", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Tuvalu", "United Arab Emirates", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Barbados?", "Benin?", "Cameroon?", "Democratic Republic of the Congo?", "Equatorial Guinea?", "Gabon?", "Gambia?", "Grenada?", "Guadeloupe?", "Guinea-Bissau?", "Guyana?", "Haiti?", "Iraq?", "Montserrat?", "Morocco?", "Namibia?", "Nauru?", "Nigeria?", "North Korea?", "Pitcairn?", "Republic of the Congo?", "Sierra Leone?", "South Korea?", "São Tomé and Príncipe?", "Togo?", "Tokelau?", "Turks and Caicos Islands?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Stenella longirostris", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Stenella longirostris", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0025", "mddId": "1006441", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006441", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Steno bredanensis", "genus": "Steno", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "bredanensis", "authority": "(Lesson, 1828)", "faName": "", "enName": "Rough-toothed Dolphin", "otherCommonNames": [ "Slopehead" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "Globicephalinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "delphinorhynchus bredanensis", "authorityCitation": "Lesson, R.P. 1828. Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des mammifères et des oiseaux découverts depuis 1788 jusqu'à nos jours. Cétacés. Baudouin Frères, Paris, 438 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/61811884", "nominalNames": [ "rostratus (G. Cuvier, 1812) [preoccupied]", "bredanensis (Lesson, 1828)", "rostatus (F. Cuvier, 1836) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "planiceps (Schlegel, 1841)", "reinwardtii (Schlegel, 1841)", "chamissonis (Wiegmann, 1842)", "compressus (J. E. Gray, 1843) [nomen nudum]", "compressus J. E. Gray, 1847", "fuscus J. E. Gray, 1847", "oxyrhynchus (J. E. Gray, 1850) [not used as valid]", "bredaensis (Giebel, 1855) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "reinwardti (Giebel, 1855) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "perspicillatus (W. C. H. Peters, 1876)", "bredaensis Trouessart, 1898 [unjustified emendation]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "Ghent MDV50426", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Paimpol, Coast of France.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Algeria", "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Canary Islands", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Cyprus", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Eritrea", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Greece", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Israel", "Italy", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Kuwait", "Liberia", "Libya", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "New Caledonia", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", 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"Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "United Arab Emirates", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Albania?", "Bahrain?", "Bosnia and Herzegovina?", "Croatia?", "Egypt?", "Iraq?", "Jordan?", "Lebanon?", "Malta?", "Mayotte?", "Montenegro?", "Montserrat?", "Norfolk Island?", "North Korea?", "Réunion?", "Saudi Arabia?", "Slovenia?", "South Korea?", "Sudan?", "Syria?", "Tunisia?", "Turkey?", "Tuvalu?", "Uruguay?", "Vanuatu?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Steno bredanensis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Steno bredanensis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0026", "mddId": "1006442", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006442", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Delphinidae", "scientificName": "Tursiops aduncus", "genus": "Tursiops", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "aduncus", "authority": "(Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833)", "faName": "", "enName": "Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin", "otherCommonNames": [ "Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin", "Bottlenose Dolphin" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Delphinidae", "subfamily": "Delphininae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Delphinus aduncus", "authorityCitation": "Ehrenberg, C.G. 1833-06. Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones mammalium quae ex itinere per Africam borealem et Asiam occidentalem Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg medicinae et chirurgiae doctorum studio nova aut illustrata redierunt. Decas secunda. Ex officina academica, Berlin, not continuously paginated pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48508486", "nominalNames": [ "aduncus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833)", "hamatus (Wiegmann, 1840)", "abusalam (Rüppell, 1842)", "perniger (E. Blyth, 1848)", "catalania (J. E. Gray, 1862)", "gadamu (J. E. Gray, 1866)", "maculiventer (R. Owen, 1866)", "gudamu (J. E. Gray, 1868) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "caerulescens (Giglioli, 1874)", "salam (P. J. Van Beneden, 1886) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "fergusoni Lydekker, 1903", "tursio H. H. Scott & Lord, 1920 [preoccupied]", "australis Charlton-Robb, Gershwin, R. Thompson, J. Austin, K. Owen, & McKechnie, 2011" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "includes australis, which was recently described as a distinct species, although there is some disagreement regarding whether australis is separate or not; Tursiops as a whole is in need of even more comprehensive taxonomic revision using range wide data and any taxonomic arrangement for the genus should be considere tentative for now", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Charlton-Robb, K., Gershwin, L.-A., Thompson, R., Austin, J., Owen, K. and McKechnie, S. 2011. A new dolphin species, the Burrunan dolphin _Tursiops australis_ sp. nov., endemic to southern Australian coastal waters. PLoS ONE 6(9):e24047. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024047|Gray, H.W.I., Nishida, S., Welch, A.J., Moura, A.E., Tanabe, S., Kiani, M.S., Culloch, R., Möller, L., Natoli, A., Ponnampalam, L.S., Minton, G., Gore, M., Collins, T., Willson, A., Baldwin, R. and Hoelzel, A.R. 2018. Cryptic lineage differentiation among Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (_Tursiops aduncus_) in the northwest Indian Ocean. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 122:1-14. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.027|Moura, A.E., Shreves, K., Pilot, M., Andrews, K.R., Moore, D.M., Kishida, T., Möller, L., Natoli, A., Gaspari, S., McGowen, M., Chen, I., Gray, H., Gore, M., Culloch, R.M., Kiani, M.S., Willson, M.S., Bulushi, A., Collins, T., Baldwin, R., Willson, A., Minton, G., Ponnampalam, L. and Hoelzel, A.R. 2020. Phylogenomics of the genus _Tursiops_ and closely related Delphininae reveals extensive reticulation among lineages and provides inference about eco-evolutionary drivers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146:106756. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106756|Pratt, E.A.L., Beheregaray, L.B., Fruet, P., Tezanos-Pinto, G., Bilgmann, K., Zanardo, N., Diaz-Aguirre, F., Secchi, E.R., Freitas, T.R.O. de and Möller, L.M. 2023. Genomic divergence and the evolution of ecotypes in bottlenose dolphins (Genus _Tursiops_). Genome Biology and Evolution 15(11):evad199. doi:10.1093/gbe/evad199" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMB 66400", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Belhosse Isl., Dahalk Arch., Ethiopia.\"", "latitude": "15.416666666666666", "longitude": "40.71666666666667" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Australia", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "China", "Comoros", "Djibouti", "East Timor", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Papua New Guinea", "Philippines", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Seychelles", "Singapore", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Vietnam?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Oceania (Continent)" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Australia", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "China", "Comoros", "Djibouti", "East Timor", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Papua New Guinea", "Philippines", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Seychelles", "Singapore", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Vietnam?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Tursiops aduncus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Tursiops aduncus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0027", "mddId": "1006459", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006459", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Kogiidae", "scientificName": "Kogia breviceps", "genus": "Kogia", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "breviceps", "authority": "(de Blainville, 1838)", "faName": "", "enName": "Pygmy Sperm Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Lesser Cachalot", "Lesser Sperm Whale", "Short-headed Sperm Whale" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Physeteroidea", "family": "Kogiidae", "subfamily": "Kogiinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "physeter breviceps", "authorityCitation": "Blainville, H.-M.D. de. 1838. Sur les Cachalots. Annales Françaises et Étrangères d'Anatomie et de Physiologie 2:335-337.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13472485", "nominalNames": [ "breviceps (de Blainville, 1838)", "grayii (Wall, 1851)", "brevirostris (J. E. Gray, 1865) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "macleayi (Krefft, 1866)", "macleayii J. E. Gray, 1866 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "floweri Gill, 1871", "grayi Gill, 1871 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pottsii (von Haast, 1874)", "goodei Goode, 1884", "goodei F. W. True, 1884 [nomen nudum]", "greyi Trouessart, 1898 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pottsi (Hershkovitz, 1966) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Physeteridae to Kogiidae", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "May-Collado, L. and Agnarsson, I. 2006. Cytochrome _b_ and Bayesian inference of whale phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38(2):344-354. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.019|McGowen, M.R., Tsagkogeorga, G., Álvarez-Carretero, S., Reis, M. dos, Struebig, M., Deaville, R., Jepson, P.D., Jarman, S., Polanowski, A., Morin, P.A. and Rossiter, S.J. 2020. Phylogenomic resolution of the cetacean tree of life using target sequence capture. Systematic Biology 69(3):479-501. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz068|Maggioni, D., Pupillo, G., Rota, A., Ramazzotti, F., Martín, V., Poli, F. F., ... & Valsecchi, E. (2026). Eastern North Atlantic Strandings Validate Genetic Patterns in Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales (Kogiidae). Marine Mammal Science, 42(3), e70230. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70230Digital" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-MO-1927-3", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "South Africa, Western Cape Province, \"rapportée des mers du cap de Bonne-Espérance\" (= Cape of Good Hope).", "latitude": "-34.35811", "longitude": "18.47193" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Azores", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belgium", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Germany", "Ghana", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Montserrat", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "Netherlands", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Norfolk Island", "North Korea", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Republic of the Congo", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Korea", "South Sudan", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tokelau", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Tuvalu", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Eritrea?", "Russia?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(CA,FL,GA,HI,AL?,CT?,DC?,DE?,LA?,MA?,MD?,MI?,NC?,NJ?,NY?,OR?,RI?,SC?,TX?,VA?,WA?)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": "Carretta, J.V., Oleson, E.M., Forney, K.A., Muto, M.M., Weller, D.W., Lang, A.R., Baker, J., Hanson, B., Orr, A.J., Barlow, J., Moore, J.E. and Brownell, R.L., Jr. 2021. U.S. Pacific marine mammal stock assessments: 2020. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 389 pp. doi:10.25923/r00a-m485" }, "worldDistribution": [ "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Azores", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belgium", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Germany", "Ghana", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Montserrat", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "Netherlands", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Norfolk Island", "North Korea", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Republic of the Congo", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Korea", "South Sudan", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tokelau", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Tuvalu", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Eritrea?", "Russia?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Kogia breviceps", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Kogia breviceps", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0028", "mddId": "1006460", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006460", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Kogiidae", "scientificName": "Kogia sima", "genus": "Kogia", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "sima", "authority": "(R. Owen, 1866)", "faName": "", "enName": "Dwarf Sperm Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Owen's Pygmy Whale", "Snub-nosed Cachalot" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Physeteroidea", "family": "Kogiidae", "subfamily": "Kogiinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Physeter (Euphysetes) simus", "authorityCitation": "Owen, R. 1866-08-15. On some Indian Cetacea collected by Walter Elliot, Esq. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 6(2):17-47.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30862860", "nominalNames": [ "simus (R. Owen, 1865) [nomen nudum]", "sima (R. Owen, 1866)", "simus J. E. Gray, 1866 [nomen nudum]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Physeteridae to Kogiidae", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "May-Collado, L. and Agnarsson, I. 2006. Cytochrome _b_ and Bayesian inference of whale phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38(2):344-354. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.019|McGowen, M.R., Tsagkogeorga, G., Álvarez-Carretero, S., Reis, M. dos, Struebig, M., Deaville, R., Jepson, P.D., Jarman, S., Polanowski, A., Morin, P.A. and Rossiter, S.J. 2020. Phylogenomic resolution of the cetacean tree of life using target sequence capture. Systematic Biology 69(3):479-501. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz068|Maggioni, D., Pupillo, G., Rota, A., Ramazzotti, F., Martín, V., Poli, F. F., ... & Valsecchi, E. (2026). Eastern North Atlantic Strandings Validate Genetic Patterns in Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales (Kogiidae). Marine Mammal Science, 42(3), e70230. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70230Digital" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1866.2.5.6", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/135789ec-2010-4557-9c40-ca9ec2d5d1b4", "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/24212b26-1f27-45a8-b4ca-797e522b4555" ], "locality": "India, Andhra Pradesh (= Madras Presidency), \"taken at Waltair,\" near Vishaknaptnam.", "latitude": "17.7211", "longitude": "83.2894" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Azores", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Canary Islands", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Fiji", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Galápagos Islands", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Madeira", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Montserrat", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Norfolk Island", "North Korea", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Republic of the Congo", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tokelau", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Tuvalu", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Eritrea?", "Russia?", "Sudan?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(AL,FL,GA,HI,LA,MI,NC,SC,TX,VA,NJ?,NY?)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "American Samoa", "Angola", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Azores", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Canary Islands", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Fiji", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Galápagos Islands", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Madeira", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mayotte", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Montserrat", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Norfolk Island", "North Korea", "Northern Marianas", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Republic of the Congo", "Réunion", "Saba", "Saint Barthélemy", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tokelau", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Tuvalu", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Eritrea?", "Russia?", "Sudan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Kogia sima", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Kogia sima", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0029", "mddId": "1006447", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006447", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Phocoenidae", "scientificName": "Neophocaena phocaenoides", "genus": "Neophocaena", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "phocaenoides", "authority": "(G. Cuvier, 1829)", "faName": "", "enName": "Indo-Pacific Finless Porpoise", "otherCommonNames": [ "Black Finless Porpoise", "Finless Black Porpoise", "Finless-backed Black Porpoise", "Indian Dolphin", "Indian Finless Porpoise", "Little Indian Porpoise", "Wide-ridged Finless Porpoise", "Finless Porpoise" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Delphinoidea", "family": "Phocoenidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Delphinus phocaenoides", "authorityCitation": "Cuvier, G. 1829. Le Règne animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée. Tome I. Déterville et Crochard, Paris, 584 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33374133", "nominalNames": [ "phocaenoides (G. Cuvier, 1829)", "molagan (R. Owen, 1866)", "kurrachiensis (J. A. Murray, 1884)", "phocoenoides (R. Kellogg, 1940) [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "previously included N. asiaeorientalis and N. sunameri", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Wang, J.Y., Frasier, T.R., Yang, S.C. and White, B.N. 2008. Detecting recent speciation events: the case of the finless porpoise (genus _Neophocaena_). Heredity 101(2):145-155. doi:10.1038/hdy.2008.40|Jefferson, T.A. and Wang, J.Y. 2011. Revision of the taxonomy of finless porpoises (genus _Neophocaena_): The existence of two species. Journal of Marine Animals and Their Ecology 4(1):3-16. a#7939|Zhou, X.-m., Guang, X., Sun, D., Xu, S.-x., Li, M.-z., Seim, I., Jie, W.-c., Yang, L.-f., Zhu, Q.-h., Xu, J.-b., Gao, Q., Kaya, A., Dou, Q.-h., Chen, B.-y., Ren, W.-h., Li, S.-c., Zhou, K.-y., Gladyshev, V.N., Nielsen, R., Fang, X.-d. and Yang, G. 2018. Population genomics of finless porpoises reveal an incipient cetacean species adapted to freshwater. Nature Communications 9(1):1276. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03722-x" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-AC-A3086", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"au Cap\" (= South Africa, Western Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope). Almost certainly erroneous; unknown today from the coast of Africa.", "latitude": "-34.35811", "longitude": "18.47193" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "China", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kuwait", "Malaysia", "Myanmar", "Pakistan", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Singapore", "Sri Lanka", "Taiwan", "Thailand", "United Arab Emirates", "Vietnam", "Oman?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Marine" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "China", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kuwait", "Malaysia", "Myanmar", "Pakistan", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Singapore", "Sri Lanka", "Taiwan", "Thailand", "United Arab Emirates", "Vietnam", "Oman?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Neophocaena phocaenoides", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Neophocaena phocaenoides", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0030", "mddId": "1006461", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006461", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Physeteridae", "scientificName": "Physeter macrocephalus", "genus": "Physeter", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "macrocephalus", "authority": "Linnaeus, 1758", "faName": "نهنگ عنبر", "enName": "Sperm Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Cachalot", "Pot Whale", "Spermacet Whale" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Physeteroidea", "family": "Physeteridae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Physeter macrocephalus", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033887", "nominalNames": [ "catodon Linnaeus, 1758", "macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758", "microps Linnaeus, 1758", "tursio Linnaeus, 1758", "andersonii Borowski, 1781", "novaeangliae Borowski, 1781", "cylindricus J. P. Bonnaterre, 1789", "mular Bonnaterre, 1789", "trumpo J. P. Bonnaterre, 1789", "cinereus Kerr, 1792", "falcidentatus Kerr, 1792", "gibbosus von Schreber, 1792", "niger Kerr, 1792", "rectidentatus Kerr, 1792", "curvidentatus Link, 1795 [nomen nudum]", "maximus G. Cuvier, 1797", "orthodon de Lacépède, 1804", "svineval (de Lacépède, 1804)", "urganantus Rafinesque, 1814", "sulcatus de Lacépède, 1818", "australasianus Desmoulins, 1822", "vulgaris (Fleming, 1822) [nomen novum]", "polycyphus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824", "bayeri (A. Risso, 1826)", "suineval (Tilesius, 1835) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "australis J. E. Gray, 1847 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "colneti (J. E. Gray, 1850) [nomen nudum]", "australis (Wall, 1851)", "krefftii (J. E. Gray, 1865)", "asiaticus J. E. Gray, 1866 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "polycystus J. E. Gray, 1866 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "polyscyphus (J. E. Gray, 1866) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "pterodon Trouessart, 1898 [not used as valid]", "antarticus (Larrañaga, 1923)", "andersoni S. Jackson & Groves, 2015 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "urganatus Jefferson, Mead, & Kinze, 2023 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "the name catodon Linnaeus, 1758 has line priority within the publication, however, macrocephalus is used since the first reviser (Antonius M. Husson and Lipke Holthuis in 1974) chose the name macrocephalus to use, giving the name priority (although there are still arguments regarding the description of the name not being valid); regardless, the name macrocephalus has been used most often since the 1970's whereas older publications most often used catodon and following recent taxonomic trends, the name macrocephalus is used here", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Jefferson, T. A., & Mead, J. G. Nomenclature of the Larger Toothed Whales (Odontocetes). A historical review. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 655, 1-78." }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"in Oceano Europæo.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Angola", "Antarctica", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belgium", "Belize", "Benin", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "Brunei", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Cape Verde", "Chile", "China", "Christmas Island", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Costa Rica", "Croatia", "Curaçao", "Cyprus", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Falkland Islands", "Fiji", "France", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Greece", "Greenland", "Grenada", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "Iceland", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Lebanon", "Liberia", "Libya", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Malta", "Marshall Islands", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Nauru", "Netherlands", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "North Korea", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Portugal", "Russia", "Saba", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Slovenia", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "Syria", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Tuvalu", "United Kingdom", "United States", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Yemen", "American Samoa?", "Anguilla?", "Aruba?", "Bermuda?", "Bosnia and Herzegovina?", "British Virgin Islands?", "Cambodia?", "Cayman Islands?", "Cocos Islands?", "Cook Islands?", "Cote d'Ivoire?", "Democratic Republic of the Congo?", "Eritrea?", "French Guiana?", "French Polynesia?", "Germany?", "Guadeloupe?", "Guam?", "Martinique?", "Mayotte?", "Montenegro?", "Montserrat?", "Myanmar?", "New Caledonia?", "Norfolk Island?", "Northern Marianas?", "Palestine?", "Pitcairn?", "Puerto Rico?", "Qatar?", "Republic of the Congo?", "Réunion?", "Saudi Arabia?", "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands?", "United Arab Emirates?", "United States Virgin Islands?", "Wallis and Futuna?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(AK,CA,FL,HI,OR,WA,AL?,LA?,MA?,NC?,TX?,VA?)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Angola", "Antarctica", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belgium", "Belize", "Benin", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "Brunei", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Cape Verde", "Chile", "China", "Christmas Island", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Costa Rica", "Croatia", "Curaçao", "Cyprus", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "Egypt", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Falkland Islands", "Fiji", "France", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Greece", "Greenland", "Grenada", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "Iceland", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Lebanon", "Liberia", "Libya", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Malta", "Marshall Islands", "Mauritania", "Mauritius", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Nauru", "Netherlands", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "North Korea", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Portugal", "Russia", "Saba", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Slovenia", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Suriname", "Syria", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Tuvalu", "United Kingdom", "United States", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Yemen", "American Samoa?", "Anguilla?", "Aruba?", "Bermuda?", "Bosnia and Herzegovina?", "British Virgin Islands?", "Cambodia?", "Cayman Islands?", "Cocos Islands?", "Cook Islands?", "Cote d'Ivoire?", "Democratic Republic of the Congo?", "Eritrea?", "French Guiana?", "French Polynesia?", "Germany?", "Guadeloupe?", "Guam?", "Martinique?", "Mayotte?", "Montenegro?", "Montserrat?", "Myanmar?", "New Caledonia?", "Norfolk Island?", "Northern Marianas?", "Palestine?", "Pitcairn?", "Puerto Rico?", "Qatar?", "Republic of the Congo?", "Réunion?", "Saudi Arabia?", "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands?", "United Arab Emirates?", "United States Virgin Islands?", "Wallis and Futuna?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Physeter macrocephalus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Physeter catodon", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0031", "mddId": "1006377", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006377", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Suidae", "scientificName": "Sus scrofa", "genus": "Sus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "scrofa", "authority": "Linnaeus, 1758", "faName": "گراز", "enName": "Eurasian Wild Pig", "otherCommonNames": [ "Wild Boar", "Indochinese Pig", "Indonesian Banded Pig" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": true, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Suina", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Suoidea", "family": "Suidae", "subfamily": "Suinae", "tribe": "Suini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Sus Scrofa", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033860", "nominalNames": [ "scrofa Linnaeus, 1758", "scropha P. L. S. Müller, 1776 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "aper Erxleben, 1777", "aper Boddaert, 1785 [preoccupied]", "setosus Boddaert, 1785 [nomen novum]", "ferus J. F. Gmelin, 1788", "fasciatus von Schreber, 1790", "hispidus von Schreber, 1790", "europaeus Pallas, 1811 [nomen novum]", "indicus Pallas, 1811", "vulgaris G. Fischer, 1814", "proavitus von Schlotheim, 1820", "priscus Goldfuss, 1823", "vittatus Boie, 1828", "vittatus Temminck, 1828 [nomen nudum]", "fossilis H. von Meyer, 1832", "cristatus J. A. Wagner, 1839", "priscus de Serres, Dubreuil, & Jeanjean, 1839 [preoccupied]", "aipomus B. H. Hodgson, 1841 [nomen nudum]", "isonotus B. H. Hodgson, 1841 [nomen nudum]", "scophra B. H. Hodgson, 1842 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "fasciatus J. E. Gray, 1843 [preoccupied]", "indicus J. E. Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum]", "leucomystax Temminck, 1843", "schophra B. H. Hodgson, 1844 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "affinis J. E. Gray, 1847 [nomen nudum]", "serresii Giebel, 1847 [nomen novum]", "armatus A. Pomel, 1848", "zeylonensis E. Blyth, 1851", "bengalensis E. Blyth, 1860", "zeylanensis E. Blyth, 1860 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "barbarus P. L. Sclater, 1861 [nomen nudum]", "taivanus (Swinhoe, 1863)", "algirus Loche, 1867", "aipomus J. E. Gray, 1868", "isonotus J. E. Gray, 1868", "libycus J. E. Gray, 1868", "ferox C. Moore, 1870 [nomen nudum]", "moupinensis A. Milne-Edwards in A. David, 1871", "nigripes Blanford, 1875", "taevanus A. R. Wallace, 1880 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "celticus Strobel, 1882 [preoccupied]", "meridionalis Forsyth Major, 1882", "sardous Strobel, 1882 [nomen nudum]", "japonicus Nehring, 1885", "canescens Heude, 1888 [nomen nudum]", "chirodontus Heude, 1888", "dicrurus Heude, 1888", "leucorhinus Heude, 1888 [nomen nudum]", "oxyodontus Heude, 1888 [nomen nudum]", "palustris Heude, 1888 [preoccupied]", "taininensis Heude, 1888", "ussuricus Heude, 1888", "continentalis Nehring, 1889", "acrocranius Heude, 1892", "bucculentus Heude, 1892", "canescens Heude, 1892", "collinus Heude, 1892", "curtidens Heude, 1892", "frontosus Heude, 1892", "gigas Heude, 1892", "laticeps Heude, 1892", "leucorhinus Heude, 1892", "melas Heude, 1892", "microdontus Heude, 1892", "oxyodontus Heude, 1892", "paludosus Heude, 1892", "planiceps Heude, 1892", "scrofoides Heude, 1892", "songaricus Heude, 1892", "spatharius Heude, 1892", "coreanus Heude, 1897", "mandchuricus Heude, 1897", "chirodonticus (Heude, 1899)", "flavescens (Heude, 1899)", "nipponicus Heude, 1899", "typicus Heude, 1899 [nomen novum]", "typicus Lydekker, 1900 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "natunensis G. S. Miller, 1901", "nicobaricus G. S. Miller, 1902", "milleri Jentink, 1905", "babi G. S. Miller, 1906", "jubatulus G. S. Miller, 1906", "jubatus G. S. Miller, 1906", "peninsularis G. S. Miller, 1906", "rhionis G. S. Miller, 1906", "barbarus Lydekker, 1908 [preoccupied]", "andersoni O. Thomas & Wroughton, 1909", "mediterraneus Ulmansky, 1911", "attila O. Thomas, 1912", "baeticus O. Thomas, 1912", "castilianus O. Thomas, 1912", "lybicus Lydekker, 1915 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "enganus Lyon, 1916", "tuancus Lyon, 1916", "meles A. de C. Sowerby, 1917", "falzfeini Matschie, 1918", "sibiricus Staffe, 1922", "riukiuanus Kuroda, 1924", "reiseri Bolkay, 1925", "majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927", "raddeanus Adlerberg, 1930", "mosbachensis Küthe, 1933", "recens Küthe, 1933 [nomen nudum]", "sahariensis Heim de Balsac, 1937", "pallidiloris Mees, 1957", "affinis Groves, 1981", "davidi Groves, 1981", "keucomystax Huang Yongfu, Shi Xianwei, & Zhang Yaping, 1999 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "moupiensis Huang Yongfu, Shi Xianwei, & Zhang Yaping, 1999 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "sukvianus Huang Yongfu, Shi Xianwei, & Zhang Yaping, 1999 [nomen nudum]", "taicanus Huang Yongfu, Shi Xianwei, & Zhang Yaping, 1999 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_S. s. algirus_ Loche, 1867 (synonyms: _barbarus_ Lydekker, 1908, _sahariensis_ Heim de Balsac, 1937); _S. s. attila_ Thomas, 1912 (synonyms: _falzfeini_ Matschie, 1918); _S. s. cristatus_ Wagner, 1839 (synonyms: _affinis_ Groves, 1981, _aipomus_ Gray, 1868, _aipomus_ Hodgson, 1841, _bengalensis_ Blyth, 1860, _indicus_ Gray, 1843, _isonotus_ Gray, 1868, _isonotus_ Hodgson, 1841, _jubatus_ Miller, 1906, _typicus_ Lydekker, 1900, _zeylonensis_ Blyth, 1851); _S. s. davidi_ Groves, 1981; _S. s. leucomystax_ Temminck, 1843 (synonyms: _japonicus_ Nehring, 1885, _nipponicus_ Heude, 1899); _S. s. libycus_ Gray, 1868 (synonyms: _mediterraneus_ Ulmansky, 1911, _reiseri_ Bolkay, 1925); _S. s. majori_ De Beaux & Festa, 1927; _S. s. meridionalis_ Forsyth Major, 1882 (synonyms: _baeticus_ Thomas, 1912, _sardous_ Strobel, 1882); _S. s. moupinensis_ Milne-Edwards, 1871 (synonyms: _acrocranius_ Heude, 1892, _bucculentus_ Heude, 1892, _chirodonticus_ (Heude, 1899), _chirodontus_ Heude, 1888, _collinus_ Heude, 1892, _curtidens_ Heude, 1892, _dicrurus_ Heude, 1888, _flavescens_ (Heude, 1899), _frontosus_ Heude, 1892, _laticeps_ Heude, 1892, _leucorhinus_ Heude, 1892, _melas_ Heude, 1892, _meles_ Sowerby, 1917, _microdontus_ Heude, 1892, _oxyodontus_ Heude, 1892, _paludosus_ Heude, 1892, _palustris_ Heude, 1888, _planiceps_ Heude, 1892, _scrofoides_ Heude, 1892, _spatharius_ Heude, 1892, _taininensis_ Heude, 1888); _S. s. nigripes_ Blanford, 1875; _S. s. riukiuanus_ Kuroda, 1924 (synonyms: _sukvianus_ Huang, Shi & Zhang, 1999); _S. s. scrofa_ Linnaeus, 1758 (synonyms: _aper_ Boddaert, 1785, _aper_ Erxleben, 1777, _castilianus_ Thomas, 1912, _celticus_ Strobel, 1882, _europaeus_ Pallas, 1811, _fasciatus_ Gray, 1843, _ferus_ Gmelin, 1788, _recens_ Küthe, 1933, _setosus_ Boddaert, 1785, _vulgaris_ Fischer, 1814); _S. s. serresii_ Giebel, 1847 (fossil; synonyms: _priscus_ Serres, Dubreuil & Jeanjean, 1839); _S. s. sibiricus_ Staffe, 1922 (synonyms: _raddeanus_ Adlerberg, 1930); _S. s. taivanus_ (Swinhoe, 1863); _S. s. ussuricus_ Heude, 1888 (synonyms: _canescens_ Heude, 1892, _continentalis_ Nehring, 1889, _coreanus_ Heude, 1897, _gigas_ Heude, 1892, _mandchuricus_ Heude, 1897, _songaricus_ Heude, 1892); _S. s. vittatus_ Boie, 1828 (synonyms: _andersoni_ Thomas & Wroughton, 1909, _jubatulus_ Miller, 1906, _milleri_ Jentink, 1905, _pallidiloris_ Mees, 1957, _peninsularis_ Miller, 1906, _rhionis_ Miller, 1906, _typicus_ Heude, 1899)", "taxonomyNotes": "wild form of S. domesticus; includes bucculentus; includes chirodontus, cristatus, davidi, leucomystax, moupinensis, taevanus, vittatus, and ussuricus, which were recognized as distinct species by Groves & Grubb 2011; also includes bucculentus; for additional information regarding the MDD's decision to not follow the Groves & Grubb 2011 Ungulate Taxonomy, see 'Subjective decisions' on the 'About' tab", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Gentry, A., Clutton-Brock, J. and Groves, C.P. 2004. The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives. Journal of Archaeological Science 31(5):645-651. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006|Robins, J.H., Ross, H.A., Allen, M.S. and Matisoo-Smith, E. 2006. _Sus bucculentus_ revisited. Nature 440(7086):E7. doi:10.1038/nature04770|Groves, C.P. and Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 309 pp. doi:10.56021/9781421400938|Meijaard, E. and Groves, C.P. 2013. New taxonomic proposals for the _Sus scrofa_ group in eastern Asia. Suiform Soundings 12(1):26-30. a#35684" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Germany.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bangladesh", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Cambodia", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Laos", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Malaysia", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Russia", "Serbia", "Singapore", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Taiwan", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "Oceania (Continent)" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bangladesh", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Cambodia", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Laos", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Malaysia", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Russia", "Serbia", "Singapore", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Taiwan", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Sus scrofa", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Sus scrofa", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0032", "mddId": "1006485", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006485", "phylosort": 27, "order": "Artiodactyla", "family": "Ziphiidae", "scientificName": "Ziphius cavirostris", "genus": "Ziphius", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "cavirostris", "authority": "G. Cuvier, 1823", "faName": "", "enName": "Cuvier's Beaked Whale", "otherCommonNames": [ "Goose-beaked Whale", "Goosebeak Whale" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Artiodactyla", "suborder": "Cetacea", "infraorder": "Odontoceti", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Ziphioidea", "family": "Ziphiidae", "subfamily": "Ziphiinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "ziphius cavirostris", "authorityCitation": "Cuvier, G. 1823-12-20. Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles. Nouvelle édition. Tome cinquième, Ire. partie. G. Dufour et E. d'Ocagne, Paris, 405 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52149293", "nominalNames": [ "cavirostris G. Cuvier, 1823", "desmaresti (A. Risso, 1826)", "demaresti (F. Cuvier, 1836) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "desmarestii (Haldeman, 1841) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "philippii (Cocco, 1846)", "doumetii (J. E. Gray, 1847)", "gervaisii (Duvernoy, 1851)", "indicus P. J. Van Beneden, 1864", "australis (Burmeister, 1865)", "capensis (J. E. Gray, 1865)", "capensis (J. E. Gray, 1865) [nomen nudum]", "cryptodon (Burmeister, 1865)", "semijunctus (Cope, 1865)", "semijunctus (Cope, 1865) [nomen nudum]", "patachonicus (Burmeister, 1867) [nomen novum]", "aresques J. E. Gray, 1871 [not used as valid]", "decavirostris J. E. Gray, 1871 [not used as valid]", "mediterraneus (J. E. Gray, 1871)", "heraultii (J. E. Gray, 1872)", "chathamiensis (Hector, 1873)", "savii (Richiardi, 1873)", "novaezealandiae von Haast, 1876", "grebnitzkii Stejneger, 1883", "chathamensis Flower, 1885 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "chatamensis Lahille, 1899 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "grebnitzki Trouessart, 1905 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-AC-A3554", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "France, \"dans le département des Bouches-du-Rhône, entre de Fos et l'embouchure du Galégeon\" (= between Fos and the mouth of the Galégeon River).", "latitude": "43.43774", "longitude": "4.94457" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "American Samoa", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Croatia", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Falkland Islands", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Germany", "Ghana", "Greece", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Italy", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Kuwait", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "Netherlands", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Northern Marianas", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Republic of the Congo", "Russia", "Saba", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Suriname", "Sweden", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "United Kingdom", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Algeria?", "Angola?", "Antarctica?", "Belgium?", "Bosnia and Herzegovina?", "Cyprus?", "Egypt?", "Eritrea?", "Iceland?", "Israel?", "Lebanon?", "Libya?", "Malta?", "Mauritius?", "Mayotte?", "Montenegro?", "Montserrat?", "Norfolk Island?", "North Korea?", "Palestine?", "Qatar?", "Réunion?", "Saudi Arabia?", "Slovenia?", "Syria?", "São Tomé and Príncipe?", "Tokelau?", "Tunisia?", "Turkey?", "Turks and Caicos Islands?", "Tuvalu?", "United Arab Emirates?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania (Continent)", "South America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Marine" ], "subregion": "USA(AK,CA,HI,AL?,CT?,DC?,DE?,FL?,GA?,LA?,MA?,MD?,MI?,NC?,NJ?,NY?,OR?,RI?,SC?,TX?,VA?,WA?)", "notes": "Wide distribution, but mostly in deeper oceanic waters, generally rare sightings and strandings. May be resident population off of NC.", "notesCitation": "Stanistreet, J.E., Nowacek, D.P., Baumann-Pickering, S., Bell, J.T., Cholewiak, D.M., Hildebrand, J.A., Hodge, L.E.W., Moors-Murphy, H.B., Van Parijs, S.M. and Read, A.J. 2017. Using passive acoustic monitoring to document the distribution of beaked whale species in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74(12):2098-2109. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2016-0503|Foley, H.J. 2018. Spatial ecology and movement patterns of deep-diving odontocetes in the western North Atlantic. MSc thesis, North Carolina State University, 117 pp. a#72143" }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "American Samoa", "Anguilla", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Argentina", "Aruba", "Australia", "Bahamas", "Bangladesh", "Barbados", "Belize", "Benin", "Bermuda", "Bonaire", "Brazil", "British Virgin Islands", "Brunei", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Canada", "Cape Verde", "Cayman Islands", "Chile", "China", "Cocos Islands", "Colombia", "Comoros", "Cook Islands", "Costa Rica", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Croatia", "Cuba", "Curaçao", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Dominica", "Dominican Republic", "East Timor", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Equatorial Guinea", "Falkland Islands", "Fiji", "France", "French Guiana", "French Polynesia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Germany", "Ghana", "Greece", "Grenada", "Guadeloupe", "Guam", "Guatemala", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Guyana", "Haiti", "Honduras", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Ireland", "Italy", "Jamaica", "Japan", "Kenya", "Kiribati", "Kuwait", "Liberia", "Madagascar", "Malaysia", "Maldives", "Marshall Islands", "Martinique", "Mauritania", "Mexico", "Micronesia", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nauru", "Netherlands", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Nicaragua", "Nigeria", "Niue", "Northern Marianas", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palau", "Panama", "Papua New Guinea", "Peru", "Philippines", "Pitcairn", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "Republic of the Congo", "Russia", "Saba", "Saint Helena", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Samoa", "Senegal", "Seychelles", "Sierra Leone", "Singapore", "Sint Eustatius", "Sint Maarten", "Solomon Islands", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Suriname", "Sweden", "Taiwan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Togo", "Tonga", "Trinidad and Tobago", "United Kingdom", "United States", "United States Virgin Islands", "Uruguay", "Vanuatu", "Venezuela", "Vietnam", "Wallis and Futuna", "Yemen", "Algeria?", "Angola?", "Antarctica?", "Belgium?", "Bosnia and Herzegovina?", "Cyprus?", "Egypt?", "Eritrea?", "Iceland?", "Israel?", "Lebanon?", "Libya?", "Malta?", "Mauritius?", "Mayotte?", "Montenegro?", "Montserrat?", "Norfolk Island?", "North Korea?", "Palestine?", "Qatar?", "Réunion?", "Saudi Arabia?", "Slovenia?", "Syria?", "São Tomé and Príncipe?", "Tokelau?", "Tunisia?", "Turkey?", "Turks and Caicos Islands?", "Tuvalu?", "United Arab Emirates?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Ziphius cavirostris", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Ziphius cavirostris", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0033", "mddId": "1005939", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005939", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Canidae", "scientificName": "Canis aureus", "genus": "Canis", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "aureus", "authority": "Linnaeus, 1758", "faName": "شغال طلایی", "enName": "Golden Jackal", "otherCommonNames": [ "Asiatic Jackal", "Common Jackal" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Cynoidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Canidae", "subfamily": "Caninae", "tribe": "Canini", "subtribe": "Canina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Canis aureus", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033832", "nominalNames": [ "aureus Linnaeus, 1758", "vulgaris (Oken, 1816) [placed on index]", "indicus B. H. Hodgson, 1833 [preoccupied]", "syriacus Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833", "moreoticus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835", "dalmatinus J. A. Wagner, 1841", "graecus J. A. Wagner, 1841", "vulgaris J. A. Wagner, 1841 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "oxygous (B. H. Hodgson, 1844) [nomen nudum]", "caucasicus F. A. Kolenati, 1858", "typicus F. A. Kolenati, 1858", "balcanicus Brusina, 1892", "hadramauticus Noack, 1896", "minor Mojsisovico, 1897 [preoccupied]", "cruesemanni Matschie, 1900", "crusemanni (Gyldenstolpe, 1916) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "kola Wroughton, 1916", "lanka Wroughton, 1916", "naria Wroughton, 1916", "hungaricus Éhik, 1938", "ecsedensis (M. Kretzoi, 1947)" ], "subspecies": "_C. a. aureus_ Linnaeus, 1758 (synonyms: _caucasicus_ Kolenati, 1858, _hadramauticus_ Noack, 1896, _kola_ Wroughton, 1916, _lanka_ Wroughton, 1916, _typicus_ Kolenati, 1858, _vulgaris_ (Oken, 1816), _vulgaris_ Wagner, 1841); _C. a. cruesemanni_ Matschie, 1900; _C. a. indicus_ Hodgson, 1833 (synonyms: _oxygous_ (Hodgson, 1844)); _C. a. moreoticus_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835 (synonyms: _balcanicus_ Brusina, 1892, _dalmatinus_ Wagner, 1841, _ecsedensis_ (Kretzoi, 1947), _graecus_ Wagner, 1841, _hungaricus_ Éhik, 1938, _minor_ Mojsisovico, 1897); _C. a. naria_ Wroughton, 1916; _C. a. syriacus_ Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included C. lupaster; the distribution of C. aureus appears to be expanding northward as there are now records as far north as Finland and Norway", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Rueness, E.K., Asmyhr, M.G., Sillero-Zubiri, C., Macdonald, D.W., Bekele, A., Atickem, A. and Stenseth, N.C. 2011. The cryptic African wolf: _Canis aureus lupaster_ is not a golden jackal and is not endemic to Egypt. PLoS ONE 6(1):e16385. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016385|Viranta, S., Atickem, A., Werdelin, L. and Stenseth, N.Chr. 2017. Rediscovering a forgotten canid species. BMC Zoology 2(1):6. doi:10.1186/s40850-017-0015-0|Kojola, I., Henttonen, H., Heikkinen, S. and Ranc, N. 2024. Golden jackal expansion in northernmost Europe: records in Finland. Mammalian Biology 104(1):101-105. doi:10.1007/s42991-023-00382-3" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Belarus", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Cambodia", "Croatia", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Laos", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Lithuania", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Qatar", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam", "Egypt?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": "Moehlman, P. D., & Hayssen, V. (2018). Canis aureus (carnivore: Canidae). Mammalian Species, 50(957), 14-25." }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Belarus", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Cambodia", "Croatia", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Laos", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Lithuania", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Qatar", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam", "Egypt?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Canis aureus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Canis aureus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0034", "mddId": "1005943", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005943", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Canidae", "scientificName": "Canis lupus", "genus": "Canis", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "lupus", "authority": "Linnaeus, 1758", "faName": "گرگ خاکستری", "enName": "Gray Wolf", "otherCommonNames": [ "Wolf", "Timber Wolf", "Tundra Wolf", "Arctic Wolf" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Cynoidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Canidae", "subfamily": "Caninae", "tribe": "Canini", "subtribe": "Canina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Canis Lupus", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033831", "nominalNames": [ "lupus Linnaeus, 1758", "albus Kerr, 1792", "flavus Kerr, 1792", "niger Kerr, 1792", "campestris Dwigubski, 1804", "communis Dwigubski, 1804", "niger Hermann, 1804 [preoccupied]", "albus Sabine, 1823 [preoccupied]", "griseus Sabine, 1823 [preoccupied]", "nubilus Say in James, 1823", "spelaeus Goldfuss, 1823", "ater (J. Richardson, 1829)", "occidentalis J. Richardson, 1829", "sticte (J. Richardson, 1829)", "pallipes W. H. Sykes, 1831", "vulgaris (S.D.W., 1836) [nomen novum]", "canus de Sélys-Longchamps, 1839 [nomen nudum]", "fulvus de Sélys-Longchamps, 1839 [nomen nudum]", "fuscus J. Richardson, 1839", "hodophilax Temminck, 1839", "orientalis (J. A. Wagner, 1841) [preoccupied]", "variabilis zu Wied-Neuwied, 1841", "indicus de Blainville, 1843 [nomen nudum]", "hodopylax Temminck, 1844 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "laniger (B. H. Hodgson, 1847) [preoccupied]", "gigas (J. K. Townsend, 1850)", "griseoalbus S. F. Baird, 1857", "chanco J. E. Gray, 1863", "major Ogérien, 1863 [preoccupied]", "minor Ogérien, 1863 [preoccupied]", "hodophylax A. Murray, 1866 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "edwardsianus (Bourguignat, 1875)", "nemesianus (Bourguignat, 1875)", "niger P. L. Sclater, 1875 [preoccupied]", "chanko Przewalski, 1878 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "suessii (Woldřich, 1878)", "desertorum Bogdanov, 1882", "anglicus (Lydekker, 1884) [preoccupied]", "japonicus (Nehring, 1885) [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "angustifrons A. Pomel, 1897", "getulus A. Pomel, 1897", "latifrons A. Pomel, 1897", "prokelb A. Pomel, 1897", "suessi Trouessart, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pambasileus D. G. Elliot, 1905", "deitanus Cabrera, 1907", "signatus Cabrera, 1907", "filchneri (Matschie, 1908)", "karanorensis (Matschie, 1908)", "tschiliensis (Matschie, 1908)", "altaicus (Noack, 1910)", "furlongi J. C. Merriam, 1910", "milleri J. C. Merriam, 1912", "tundrarum G. S. Miller, 1912", "italicus Altobello, 1921 [preoccupied]", "argunensis Dybowski, 1922 [nomen nudum]", "cubanensis Ognev, 1922", "kamtschaticus Dybowski, 1922 [nomen nudum]", "orientalis Dybowski, 1922 [nomen nudum]", "turuchanensis Ognev, 1922", "coreanus Y. Abe, 1923", "kurjak Bolkay, 1925", "dybowskii Domaniewski, 1926", "bactrianus M. K. Laptev, 1929", "baileyi E. W. Nelson & E. A. Goldman, 1929", "hattai Kishida, 1931", "crassodon E. R. Hall, 1932", "arabs Pocock, 1934", "arctos Pocock, 1935", "orion Pocock, 1935", "rex Pocock, 1935", "dorogostaiskii Skalon, 1936", "beothucus G. M. Allen & T. Barbour, 1937", "irremotus E. A. Goldman, 1937", "labradorius E. A. Goldman, 1937", "ligoni E. A. Goldman, 1937", "mogollonensis E. A. Goldman, 1937", "monstrabilis E. A. Goldman, 1937", "youngi E. A. Goldman, 1937", "alces E. A. Goldman, 1941", "columbianus E. A. Goldman, 1941", "hudsonicus E. A. Goldman, 1941", "banksianus R. M. Anderson, 1943 [incorrect original spelling]", "bernardi R. M. Anderson, 1943", "mackenzii R. M. Anderson, 1943", "manningi R. M. Anderson, 1943", "knightii R. M. Anderson, 1947 [nomen novum]", "lunellensis Bonifay, 1971", "santenaisiensis Argant, 1991", "brevis Kuzmina & Sablin, 1995", "himalayaensis Aggarwal, Ramadevi, & L. Singh, 2003 [nomen nudum]", "indica Aggarwal, Ramadevi, & L. Singh, 2003 [nomen nudum]", "cubanenesis Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "barnensis Sonakia & S. Biswas, 2011", "maximus Boudadi-Maligne, 2012", "cristaldii Angelici & L. Rossi, 2018" ], "subspecies": "_C. l. albus_ Kerr, 1792 (synonyms: _dybowskii_ Domaniewski, 1926, _kamtschaticus_ Dybowski, 1922, _turuchanensis_ Огнёв, 1922); _C. l. alces_ Goldman, 1941; _C. l. arabs_ Pocock, 1934; _C. l. arctos_ Pocock, 1935; _C. l. baileyi_ Nelson & Goldman, 1929; _C. l. barnensis_ Sonakia & Biswas, 2011 (fossil); _C. l. beothucus_ Allen & Barbour, 1937; _C. l. bernardi_ Anderson, 1943; _C. l. campestris_ Dwigubski, 1804 (synonyms: _bactrianus_ Laptev, 1929, _cubanensis_ Огнёв, 1922, _desertorum_ Bogdanov, 1882); _C. l. chanco_ Gray, 1863 (synonyms: _coreanus_ Abe, 1923, _dorogostaiskii_ Скалон, 1936, _himalayaensis_ Aggarwal, Ramadevi & Singh, 2003, _karanorensis_ (Matschie, 1908), _niger_ Sclater, 1875, _tschiliensis_ (Matschie, 1908)); _C. l. columbianus_ Goldman, 1941; _C. l. crassodon_ Hall, 1932; _C. l. cristaldii_ Angelici & Rossi, 2018 (recently extinct); _C. l. filchneri_ (Matschie, 1908); _C. l. furlongi_ Merriam, 1910 (fossil; synonyms: _milleri_ Merriam, 1912); _C. l. fuscus_ Richardson, 1839 (synonyms: _gigas_ (Townsend, 1850)); _C. l. griseoalbus_ Baird, 1857 (synonyms: _griseus_ Sabine, 1823, _knightii_ Anderson, 1947); _C. l. hattai_ Kishida, 1931 (recently extinct; synonyms: _rex_ Pocock, 1935); _C. l. hodophilax_ Temminck, 1839 (recently extinct; synonyms: _japonicus_ (Nehring, 1885)); _C. l. hudsonicus_ Goldman, 1941; _C. l. irremotus_ Goldman, 1937; _C. l. labradorius_ Goldman, 1937; _C. l. laniger_ (Hodgson, 1847); _C. l. ligoni_ Goldman, 1937; _C. l. lunellensis_ Bonifay, 1971 (fossil); _C. l. lupus_ Linnaeus, 1758 (synonyms: _altaicus_ (Noack, 1910), _argunensis_ Dybowski, 1922, _canus_ Sélys-Longchamps, 1839, _communis_ Dwigubski, 1804, _deitanus_ Cabrera, 1907, _flavus_ Kerr, 1792, _fulvus_ Sélys-Longchamps, 1839, _italicus_ Altobello, 1921, _kurjak_ Bolkay, 1925, _lycaon_ Trouessart, 1910, _major_ Ogérien, 1863, _minor_ Ogérien, 1863, _niger_ Hermann, 1804, _orientalis_ (Wagner, 1841), _orientalis_ Dybowski, 1922, _signatus_ Cabrera, 1907, _vulgaris_ (S.D.W., 1836)); _C. l. mackenzii_ Anderson, 1943 (synonyms: _albus_ Sabine, 1823); _C. l. manningi_ Anderson, 1943; _C. l. maximus_ Boudadi-Maligne, 2012 (fossil); _C. l. mogollonensis_ Goldman, 1937; _C. l. monstrabilis_ Goldman, 1937; _C. l. nubilus_ Say, 1823 (synonyms: _niger_ Kerr, 1792, _variabilis_ Wied-Neuwied, 1841); _C. l. occidentalis_ Richardson, 1829 (synonyms: _ater_ (Richardson, 1829), _sticte_ (Richardson, 1829)); _C. l. orion_ Pocock, 1935; _C. l. pallipes_ Sykes, 1831 (synonyms: _indica_ Aggarwal, Ramadevi & Singh, 2003, _indicus_ Blainville, 1843); _C. l. pambasileus_ Elliot, 1905; _C. l. santenaisiensis_ Argant, 1991 (fossil); _C. l. spelaeus_ Goldfuss, 1823 (fossil; synonyms: _brevis_ Kuzmina & Sablin, 1995, _nemesianus_ (Bourguignat, 1875), _suessii_ (Woldřich, 1878)); _C. l. tundrarum_ Miller, 1912; _C. l. youngi_ Goldman, 1937", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included C. lycaon and C. rufus; the subspecies chanco from the Tibetan Plateau has been considered by some to represent a distinct species, although this requires further investigation; wild form of Canis familiaris", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Gentry, A., Clutton-Brock, J. and Groves, C.P. 2004. The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives. Journal of Archaeological Science 31(5):645-651. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006|vonHoldt, B.M., Cahill, J.A., Fan, Z.-x., Gronau, I., Robinson, J., Pollinger, J.P., Shapiro, B., Wall, J. and Wayne, R.K. 2016. Whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf. Science Advances 2(7):e1501714. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501714|Viranta, S., Werhahn, G. and Machado, F.A. 2025. Morphometric evidence for the differentiation of the Himalayan wolf _Canis lupus chanco_ (Canidae; Carnivora). Mammal Research 70(2):195-203. doi:10.1007/s13364-025-00793-2" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canada", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Greenland", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Mexico", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Qatar", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United States", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen", "Bangladesh?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe", "North America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Nearctic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": "USA(AK,AZ,ID,MT,NM,OR,WA,WY)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canada", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Greenland", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Mexico", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Qatar", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United States", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen", "Bangladesh?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Canis lupus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Canis lupus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0035", "mddId": "1005968", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005968", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Canidae", "scientificName": "Vulpes cana", "genus": "Vulpes", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "cana", "authority": "Blanford, 1877", "faName": "روباه بلوچی", "enName": "Blanford's Fox", "otherCommonNames": [ "Royal Fox", "King Fox", "Afghan Fox" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Cynoidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Canidae", "subfamily": "Caninae", "tribe": "Vulpini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vulpes canus", "authorityCitation": "Blanford, W.T. 1877. Note on two species of Asiatic bears, the \"Mamh\" of Balúchistán and _Ursus pruinosus_, Blyth, of Tibet, and on an apparently undescribed fox from Balúchistán. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 46(4):315-323.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35548409", "nominalNames": [ "cana Blanford, 1877", "nigricans Shitkov, 1907" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1878.4.23.1, ZSI 7287", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/2d3c5a6f-db21-473f-8aaa-550a74cff78b" ], "locality": "Pakistan.", "latitude": "25.147982", "longitude": "62.325455" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Egypt", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Uzbekistan?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Egypt", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Uzbekistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Vulpes cana", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Vulpes cana", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0036", "mddId": "1005970", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005970", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Canidae", "scientificName": "Vulpes corsac", "genus": "Vulpes", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "corsac", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1768)", "faName": "روباه کورساک", "enName": "Corsac Fox", "otherCommonNames": [ "Corsac" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Cynoidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Canidae", "subfamily": "Caninae", "tribe": "Vulpini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Canix Corsac", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1768. Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus III. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 236 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42981815", "nominalNames": [ "corsac (Linnaeus, 1768)", "corsak (Goldfuss, 1809) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "korsak (Pallas, 1811) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "turcica (C. H. Smith, 1839)", "nigra Kastschenko, 1912 [preoccupied]", "kalmykorum Ognev, 1935", "scorodumovi Dorogostayskiy, 1935 [incorrect original spelling]", "skorodumovi Dorogostayskiy, 1935", "turkmenica Ognev, 1935", "turcmenicus A. T. Smith & Xie Yan, 2008 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_V. c. corsac_ (Linnaeus, 1768) (synonyms: _nigra_ Кащенко, 1912, _skorodumovi_ Дорогостайский, 1935, _turcica_ (Smith, 1839)); _V. c. kalmykorum_ Огнёв, 1935 (synonyms: _turkmenica_ Огнёв, 1935)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "northern Kazakhstan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Vulpes corsac", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Vulpes corsac", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0037", "mddId": "1005975", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005975", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Canidae", "scientificName": "Vulpes rueppellii", "genus": "Vulpes", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "rueppellii", "authority": "(H. R. Schinz, 1825)", "faName": "روباه شنی", "enName": "Rüppell's Fox", "otherCommonNames": [ "Sand Fox", "Rüppell's Sand Fox" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Cynoidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Canidae", "subfamily": "Caninae", "tribe": "Vulpini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Canis Rüppelii", "authorityCitation": "Schinz, H.R. 1825. Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie. Vierter Band. Zoophyten. J. G. Cotta'sche Buchhandlung, Stuttgart, 793 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51523925", "nominalNames": [ "famelicus (Anonymous, 1825) [nomen nudum]", "rueppellii (H. R. Schinz, 1825) [as emended]", "famelica (Cretzschmar, 1827)", "familicus (A. Smith, 1833) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "sabbar (Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833)", "zarudnyi Birula, 1913", "somaliae O. Thomas, 1918", "caesia O. Thomas & Hinton, 1921", "cyrenaica Festa, 1921", "rueppelii S. S. Flower, 1932 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "ruppelli Pocock, 1934 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "sabaea Pocock, 1934", "cufrana De Beaux, 1939", "rueppelli Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "rueppellii D. L. Harrison & P. J. J. Bates, 1991 [justified emendation]", "somalize Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": "_V. r. caesia_ Thomas & Hinton, 1921; _V. r. cyrenaica_ Festa, 1921 (synonyms: _cufrana_ De Beaux, 1939); _V. r. rueppellii_ (Schinz, 1825) (synonyms: _famelica_ (Cretzschmar, 1827), _somaliae_ Thomas, 1918); _V. r. sabaea_ Pocock, 1934; _V. r. zarudnyi_ Бялыницкий-Бируля, 1913", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "SMF:MAMM:4335", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Sudan.", "latitude": "19.172851", "longitude": "30.473159" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Chad", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Libya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "Somalia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tunisia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Palestine?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Chad", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Libya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "Somalia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tunisia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Palestine?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Vulpes rueppellii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Vulpes rueppellii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0038", "mddId": "1005977", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005977", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Canidae", "scientificName": "Vulpes vulpes", "genus": "Vulpes", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "vulpes", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "روباه معمولی", "enName": "Red Fox", "otherCommonNames": [ "Silver Fox", "Cross Fox" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Cynoidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Canidae", "subfamily": "Caninae", "tribe": "Vulpini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Canis Vulpes", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033832", "nominalNames": [ "alopex (Linnaeus, 1758)", "vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)", "karagan (Erxleben, 1777)", "caragan (E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1780) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "crucigera (Bechstein, 1789)", "europaea (Kerr, 1792)", "alba (Borkhausen, 1797) [preoccupied]", "nigra (Borkhausen, 1797) [preoccupied]", "argentata (G. K. Shaw, 1800)", "barbara (G. K. Shaw, 1800)", "cinera (Bechstein, 1801)", "lutea (Bechstein, 1801)", "decussata (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)", "nilotica (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)", "egyptius (A. G. Desmarest, 1804) [nomen nudum]", "cinerea (Goldfuss, 1809) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "melanota (Pallas, 1811)", "cruciger (Illiger, 1815) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "aegyptiaca (A. G. Desmarest, 1816)", "vulgaris Oken, 1816 [placed on index", "nomen novum]", "leucoxura (Rafinesque, 1817) [nomen novum]", "nigroargentea (S. Nilsson, 1820)", "fulva (A. G. Desmarest, 1821)", "vulpis (J. E. Gray, 1821) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "lineata (Billberg, 1827)", "nigrocaudata (Billberg, 1827)", "variegata (Billberg, 1827) [preoccupied]", "velong (J. E. Gray, 1827)", "vulpinaris (zu Münster, 1829) [nomen nudum]", "communis Burnett, 1830 [nomen nudum]", "melanogaster (Bonaparte, 1832)", "anubis (Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833)", "vulpecula (Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833)", "major Schmerling, 1834", "minor Schmerling, 1834", "montana (J. T. Pearson, 1836) [preoccupied]", "vulgaris S.D.W., 1836 [nomen novum]", "himalaica (W. Ogilby, 1837)", "nepalensis J. E. Gray, 1837", "dorsalis J. E. Gray, 1838", "japonicus (Temminck, 1839) [nomen nudum]", "cinerea C. H. Smith, 1840", "decassata C. H. Smith, 1840", "thaleb C. H. Smith, 1840", "atlantica (M. Wagner, 1841)", "hypomelas J. A. Wagner, 1841", "americana Lesson, 1842 [nomen novum]", "flavescens J. E. Gray, 1843", "japonicus (Temminck, 1843) [nomen nudum]", "melanogastra Bonaparte, 1845 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "fossilis (Giebel, 1847) [preoccupied]", "himalahicus Lesson, 1847 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "macroura S. F. Baird, 1852", "utah Audubon & Bachman, 1852", "griffithii E. Blyth, 1855", "leucopus E. Blyth, 1855", "meridionalis Fitzinger, 1855", "nipalensis E. Blyth, 1855 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pusilla E. Blyth, 1855", "algeriensis Loche, 1858", "griffithsii J. E. Gray, 1869 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "japonica J. E. Gray, 1869", "hoole Swinhoe, 1871", "lineiventris Swinhoe, 1871", "melanotis (Severtzov, 1873) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "beringiana (von Middendorff, 1875)", "persica Blanford, 1875", "fossilis Woldřich, 1878 [nomen nudum]", "macrurus F. W. True, 1885 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "vafra Bangs, 1897", "deletrix Bangs, 1898", "rubricosa Bangs, 1898 [nomen novum]", "abietorum C. H. Merriam, 1900", "alascensis C. H. Merriam, 1900", "bangsi C. H. Merriam, 1900", "cascadensis C. H. Merriam, 1900", "harrimani C. H. Merriam, 1900", "kenaiensis C. H. Merriam, 1900", "necator C. H. Merriam, 1900", "regalis C. H. Merriam, 1900", "rubricatus G. S. Miller, 1900 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "arabica O. Thomas, 1902 [preoccupied]", "splendens O. Thomas, 1902", "anadyrensis J. A. Allen, 1903", "alpherakyi Satunin, 1905", "kurdistanica Satunin, 1905", "waddelli Bonhote, 1905", "ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907", "induta G. S. Miller, 1907", "silacea G. S. Miller, 1907", "aurantiolutea Matschie, 1908", "filchneri Matschie, 1908", "ladacensis Matschie, 1908", "tarimensis Matschie, 1908", "tschiliensis Matschie, 1908", "argentea E. Brass, 1911 [preoccupied]", "hispanica E. Brass, 1911", "hooly O. Thomas, 1911 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "kamschadensis E. Brass, 1911", "pensylvaniae E. Brass, 1911", "septentrionalis E. Brass, 1911", "sitkaensis E. Brass, 1911", "virginiana E. Brass, 1911", "cinerascens Birula, 1913 [variety or form]", "caucasica Dinnik, 1914", "crymensis Brauner, 1914", "krimeamontana Brauner, 1914", "stepensis Brauner, 1914", "acaab Cabrera, 1916", "anatolica O. Thomas, 1920", "palaestina O. Thomas, 1920", "jakutensis Ognev, 1922", "kamtschatica Dybowski, 1922", "sibiricus Dybowski, 1922 [nomen nudum]", "ussuriensis Dybowski, 1922 [nomen nudum]", "diluta Ognev & Vorob'yev, 1923 [infrasubspecific]", "huli A. de C. Sowerby, 1923", "peculiosa Kishida, 1924", "schrencki Kishida, 1924", "splendidissima Kishida, 1924", "diluta Ognev, 1925", "alticola Ognev, 1926", "dolichocrania Ognev, 1926", "ferganensis Ognev, 1926 [infrasubspecific]", "ochroxantha Ognev, 1926", "pamirensis Ognev, 1926 [infrasubspecific]", "tobolica Ognev, 1926", "kiyomasai Kishida & Mori, 1929", "daurica Ognev, 1931", "pecuriosus Kishida & Mori, 1931 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "griffithi Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "jacutensis Stroganov, 1962 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "kasachstanica Tolstova & Lavarev, 1968", "toschii E. von Lehmann, 1969", "jansoni Bonifay, 1971", "hellenica Douma-Petridou & Ondrias, 1980", "ognevi Yudin, 1986", "schantarica Yudin, 1986", "kamtschadensis Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "kiyomassai Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "krymeamontana Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "pennsylvanicus Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "rubricos Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "schrenckii Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "variegates Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "patwin Sacks, Statham, Perrine, Wisely, & Aubry, 2010" ], "subspecies": "_V. v. abietorum_ Merriam, 1900 (synonyms: _sitkaensis_ Brass, 1911); _V. v. alascensis_ Merriam, 1900; _V. v. alpherakyi_ Сатунин, 1905; _V. v. anatolica_ Thomas, 1920; _V. v. arabica_ Thomas, 1902; _V. v. atlantica_ (Wagner, 1841) (synonyms: _algeriensis_ Loche, 1858); _V. v. bangsi_ Merriam, 1900; _V. v. barbara_ (Shaw, 1800) (synonyms: _acaab_ Cabrera, 1916); _V. v. beringiana_ (Middendorff, 1875) (synonyms: _anadyrensis_ Allen, 1903, _kamschadensis_ Brass, 1911, _kamtschatica_ Dybowski, 1922, _schantarica_ Yudin, 1986); _V. v. cascadensis_ Merriam, 1900; _V. v. caucasica_ Динник, 1914; _V. v. crucigera_ (Bechstein, 1789) (synonyms: _alba_ (Borkhausen, 1797), _cinera_ (Bechstein, 1801), _diluta_ Огнёв & Воробьев, 1923, _diluta_ Огнёв, 1925, _europaea_ (Kerr, 1792), _hellenica_ Douma-Petridou & Ondrias, 1980, _hypomelas_ Wagner, 1841, _lutea_ (Bechstein, 1801), _melanogaster_ (Bonaparte, 1832), _meridionalis_ Fitzinger, 1855, _nigra_ (Borkhausen, 1797), _stepensis_ Brauner, 1914, _toschii_ Lehmann, 1969); _V. v. daurica_ Огнёв, 1931 (synonyms: _ussuriensis_ Dybowski, 1922); _V. v. deletrix_ Bangs, 1898; _V. v. dolichocrania_ Огнёв, 1926 (synonyms: _ognevi_ Yudin, 1986); _V. v. dorsalis_ Gray, 1838 (synonyms: _cinerascens_ Бялыницкий-Бируля, 1913, _flavescens_ Gray, 1843, _splendens_ Thomas, 1902); _V. v. fulva_ (Desmarest, 1821) (synonyms: _americana_ Lesson, 1842, _pensylvaniae_ Brass, 1911, _pensylvanicus_ Rhoads, 1894); _V. v. griffithii_ Blyth, 1855 (synonyms: _flavescens_ Hutton, 1845); _V. v. harrimani_ Merriam, 1900; _V. v. himalaica_ (Ogilby, 1837) (synonyms: _alopex_ Blanford, 1888, _ladacensis_ Matschie, 1908, _montana_ (Pearson, 1836), _nepalensis_ Gray, 1837, _waddelli_ Bonhote, 1905); _V. v. hoole_ Swinhoe, 1871 (synonyms: _aurantiolutea_ Matschie, 1908, _eckloni_ Jacobi, 1923, _lineiventris_ Swinhoe, 1871); _V. v. ichnusae_ Miller, 1907; _V. v. induta_ Miller, 1907; _V. v. jakutensis_ Огнёв, 1922 (synonyms: _sibiricus_ Dybowski, 1922); _V. v. jansoni_ Bonifay, 1971 (fossil); _V. v. japonica_ Gray, 1869 (synonyms: _japonicus_ (Temminck, 1839), _japonicus_ (Temminck, 1843)); _V. v. karagan_ (Erxleben, 1777) (synonyms: _ferganensis_ Огнёв, 1926, _melanota_ (Pallas, 1811), _pamirensis_ Огнёв, 1926, _tarimensis_ Matschie, 1908); _V. v. kenaiensis_ Merriam, 1900; _V. v. kurdistanica_ Сатунин, 1905 (synonyms: _alticola_ Огнёв, 1926); _V. v. macroura_ Baird, 1852 (synonyms: _utah_ Audubon & Bachman, 1852); _V. v. necator_ Merriam, 1900; _V. v. nilotica_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803) (synonyms: _aegyptiaca_ (Desmarest, 1816), _anubis_ (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833), _egyptius_ (Desmarest, 1804), _vulpecula_ (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)); _V. v. ochroxantha_ Огнёв, 1926; _V. v. palaestina_ Thomas, 1920; _V. v. patwin_ Sacks, Statham, Perrine, Wisely & Aubry, 2010; _V. v. peculiosa_ Kishida, 1924 (synonyms: _kiyomasai_ Kishida & Mori, 1929); _V. v. pusilla_ Blyth, 1855 (synonyms: _leucopus_ Blyth, 1855, _persica_ Blanford, 1875); _V. v. regalis_ Merriam, 1900; _V. v. rubricosa_ Bangs, 1898 (synonyms: _vafra_ Bangs, 1897); _V. v. schrencki_ Kishida, 1924; _V. v. silacea_ Miller, 1907; _V. v. splendidissima_ Kishida, 1924 (synonyms: _crymensis_ Brauner, 1914, _krimeamontana_ Brauner, 1914); _V. v. tobolica_ Огнёв, 1926; _V. v. tschiliensis_ Matschie, 1908 (synonyms: _huli_ Sowerby, 1923); _V. v. vulpes_ (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonyms: _alopex_ (Linnaeus, 1758), _communis_ Burnett, 1830, _fossilis_ (Giebel, 1847), _lineata_ (Billberg, 1827), _nigroargentea_ (Nilsson, 1820), _nigrocaudata_ (Billberg, 1827), _septentrionalis_ Brass, 1911, _variegata_ (Billberg, 1827), _vulgaris_ S.D.W., 1836)", "taxonomyNotes": "some publications have recognized two distinct species of red fox, V. vulpes from the Palearctic and northwestern Nearctic and V. fulva from the rest of the Nearctic; however, this arrangement leaves Palearctic V. vulpes paraphyletic, since some archaic clades of Palearctic red fox (from West Asia and North Africa primarily) are sister to the Eurasian + North American clades; the second North American species (fulva) is tentatively retained under V. vulpes here pending further studies investigating the position of the archaic Eurasian clades", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Statham, M.J., Murdoch, J., Janecka, J., Aubry, K.B., Edwards, C.J., Soulsbury, C.D., Berry, O., Wang, Z.-h., Harrison, D., Pearch, M.J., Tomsett, L., Chupasko, J. and Sacks, B.N. 2014. Range-wide multilocus phylogeography of the red fox reveals ancient continental divergence, minimal genomic exchange and distinct demographic histories. Molecular Ecology 23(19):4813-4830. doi:10.1111/mec.12898|Sacks, B.N., Lounsberry, Z.T. and Statham, M.J. 2018. Nuclear genetic analysis of the red fox across its Trans-Pacific range. Journal of Heredity 109(5):573-584. doi:10.1093/jhered/esy028" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bangladesh", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canada", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Egypt", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Greenland", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Qatar", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Nearctic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": "USA(AK,AL,AR,AZ,CA,CO,CT,DC,DE,FL,GA,IA,ID,IL,IN,KS,KY,LA,MA,MD,ME,MI,MN,MO,MS,MT,NC,ND,NE,NH,NJ,NM,NV,NY,OH,OK,OR,PA,RI,SC,SD,TN,TX,UT,VA,VT,WA,WI,WV,WY)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bangladesh", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canada", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Egypt", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Greenland", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Qatar", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "United States", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Vulpes vulpes", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Vulpes vulpes", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0039", "mddId": "1005979", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005979", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Felidae", "scientificName": "Acinonyx jubatus", "genus": "Acinonyx", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "jubatus", "authority": "(von Schreber, 1775)", "faName": "یوزپلنگ آسیایی", "enName": "Cheetah", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Feliformia", "infraorder": "Aeluroidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Feloidea", "family": "Felidae", "subfamily": "Felinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Felis jubata", "authorityCitation": "Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1775. pl. 105. P. pl. 105 in Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774-1855. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Walther, Erlangen.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31064628", "nominalNames": [ "jubatus (von Schreber, 1775)", "guepard (P. L. S. Müller, 1776)", "iubatus (Erxleben, 1777) [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "guttatus (Hermann, 1804)", "venaticus (Griffith, 1822)", "venator Brookes, 1828", "fearonii (A. Smith, 1834)", "senegalensis (de Blainville, 1843) [preoccupied]", "soemmeringii (Fitzinger, 1855)", "sacanneringii (Severtzov, 1858) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "megabalicus (von Heuglin, 1863)", "africanus (Hartmann, 1868)", "fearonis (Fitzinger, 1869) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "laneus (P. L. Sclater, 1877)", "guepard T. S. Palmer, 1904 [nomen nudum]", "hecki Hilzheimer, 1913", "ngorongorensis Hilzheimer, 1913", "obergi Hilzheimer, 1913", "raddei Hilzheimer, 1913", "raineyi E. Heller, 1913", "soemmeringi Hilzheimer, 1913 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "velox E. Heller, 1913", "wagneri Hilzheimer, 1913", "rex Pocock, 1927", "jabatus Benazzou, 1998 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_A. j. hecki_ Hilzheimer, 1913 (synonyms: _senegalensis_ (Blainville, 1843)); _A. j. jubatus_ (Schreber, 1775) (synonyms: _fearonii_ (Smith, 1834), _guepard_ (Müller, 1776), _guttatus_ (Hermann, 1804), _iubatus_ (Erxleben, 1777), _laneus_ (Sclater, 1877), _ngorongorensis_ Hilzheimer, 1913, _obergi_ Hilzheimer, 1913, _raineyi_ Heller, 1913, _rex_ Pocock, 1927, _velox_ Heller, 1913); _A. j. soemmeringii_ (Fitzinger, 1855) (synonyms: _megabalicus_ (Heuglin, 1863), _wagneri_ Hilzheimer, 1913); _A. j. venaticus_ (Griffith, 1822) (synonyms: _guepard_ Hilzheimer, 1913, _raddei_ Hilzheimer, 1913, _venator_ Brookes, 1828)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Western Cape Province, South Africa.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Algeria", "Angola", "Benin", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Iran", "Kenya", "Mali", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Niger", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Tanzania", "Uganda", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Djibouti?", "Egypt?", "Eritrea?", "Libya?", "Somalia?", "Sudan?", "Togo?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Algeria", "Angola", "Benin", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Iran", "Kenya", "Mali", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Niger", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Tanzania", "Uganda", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Djibouti?", "Egypt?", "Eritrea?", "Libya?", "Somalia?", "Sudan?", "Togo?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Acinonyx jubatus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Acinonyx jubatus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0040", "mddId": "1005981", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005981", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Felidae", "scientificName": "Caracal caracal", "genus": "Caracal", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "caracal", "authority": "(von Schreber, 1776)", "faName": "سیاه‌گوش", "enName": "Caracal", "otherCommonNames": [ "Red Lynx", "Caracal Lynx" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Feliformia", "infraorder": "Aeluroidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Feloidea", "family": "Felidae", "subfamily": "Felinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Felis caracal", "authorityCitation": "Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1776. pl. 110. P. pl. 110 in Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774-1855. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Walther, Erlangen.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31064652", "nominalNames": [ "caracal (P. L. S. Müller, 1776)", "caracal (von Schreber, 1776)", "bengalensis (Kerr, 1792) [preoccupied]", "bengalensis (J. B. Fischer, 1829) [preoccupied]", "nubicus (J. B. Fischer, 1829)", "algirus (M. Wagner, 1841)", "melanotis J. E. Gray, 1843 [nomen novum]", "lucani (A. T. de Rochebrune, 1885)", "berberorum Matschie, 1892", "aharonii (Matschie, 1912)", "corylinus (Matschie, 1912)", "medjerdae Matschie, 1912", "schmitzi (Matschie, 1912)", "spatzi (Matschie, 1912)", "poecilotis O. Thomas & Hinton, 1921", "coloniae O. Thomas, 1926", "damarensis (A. Roberts, 1926)", "limpopoensis (A. Roberts, 1926)", "roothi (A. Roberts, 1926)", "michaelis (Heptner, 1945)", "melanotix Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Table Mountain, near Cape Town, South Africa.", "latitude": "-33.959063", "longitude": "18.403872" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Angola", "Benin", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Cameroon", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Lebanon", "Lesotho", "Libya", "Malawi", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Burundi?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Angola", "Benin", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Cameroon", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Lebanon", "Lesotho", "Libya", "Malawi", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Burundi?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Caracal caracal", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Caracal caracal", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0041", "mddId": "1005986", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005986", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Felidae", "scientificName": "Felis chaus", "genus": "Felis", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "chaus", "authority": "von Schreber, 1777", "faName": "گربه جنگلی", "enName": "Jungle Cat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Swamp Cat", "Reed Cat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Feliformia", "infraorder": "Aeluroidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Feloidea", "family": "Felidae", "subfamily": "Felinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Felis chaus", "authorityCitation": "Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1777. pl. 110B. P. pl. 110B in Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774-1855. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Walther, Erlangen.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31064654", "nominalNames": [ "chaus von Güldenstädt, 1776 [not intended as a scientific name]", "chaus von Schreber, 1777", "catolynx Pallas, 1811", "affinis J. E. Gray, 1830", "kutas J. T. Pearson, 1832", "rueppelii Brandt, 1832 [preoccupied]", "erythrota (B. H. Hodgson, 1836)", "lybicus (J. E. Gray, 1843) [nomen nudum]", "jacquemontii I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1844", "erythrotis (J. E. Gray, 1867) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "shawiana Blanford, 1876", "furax de Winton, 1898", "nilotica de Winton, 1898", "typica de Winton, 1898 [nomen novum]", "chrysomelanotis (Nehring, 1902)", "maimanah Zukowsky, 1915", "fulvidina O. Thomas, 1929", "kelaarti Pocock, 1939", "prateri Pocock, 1939", "valbalala Deraniyagala, 1955", "oxiana Heptner, 1969" ], "subspecies": "_F. c. affinis_ Gray, 1830 (synonyms: _erythrota_ (Hodgson, 1836), _jacquemontii_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1844, _kelaarti_ Pocock, 1939, _kutas_ Pearson, 1832, _prateri_ Pocock, 1939, _valbalala_ Deraniyagala, 1955); _F. c. chaus_ Schreber, 1777 (synonyms: _catolynx_ Pallas, 1811, _chrysomelanotis_ (Nehring, 1902), _furax_ de Winton, 1898, _lybicus_ (Gray, 1843), _maimanah_ Zukowsky, 1915, _nilotica_ de Winton, 1898, _oxiana_ Гептнер, 1969, _rueppelii_ Brandt, 1832, _shawiana_ Blanford, 1876, _typica_ de Winton, 1898); _F. c. fulvidina_ Thomas, 1929", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "Russia, Terek River, north of Caucasus.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "Cambodia", "China", "Egypt", "Georgia", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Laos", "Lebanon", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Russia", "Sri Lanka", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam", "Kyrgyzstan?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "Cambodia", "China", "Egypt", "Georgia", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Laos", "Lebanon", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Russia", "Sri Lanka", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam", "Kyrgyzstan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Felis chaus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Felis chaus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0042", "mddId": "1005987", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005987", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Felidae", "scientificName": "Felis lybica", "genus": "Felis", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "lybica", "authority": "G. Forster, 1780", "faName": "گربه وحشی", "enName": "African Wildcat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Desert Cat", "Asiatic (Asian) Steppe Wildcat", "Indian Desert Cat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Feliformia", "infraorder": "Aeluroidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Feloidea", "family": "Felidae", "subfamily": "Felinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Felis (lybica)", "authorityCitation": "Forster, G. 1780. Herrn von Büffons Naturgeschichte der vierfüßigen Thiere. Mit Vermehrungen aus dem Französischen übersetzt. Sechster Band. Joachim Pauli, Berlin, 397 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57573007", "nominalNames": [ "lybica G. Forster, 1780", "ocreata J. F. Gmelin, 1791", "lybiensis Kerr, 1792", "nubiensis Kerr, 1792", "libyca Olivier, 1804 [preoccupied]", "cafra A. G. Desmarest, 1822", "caligata Temminck, 1825", "maniculata Temminck, 1825", "rueppelii H. R. Schinz, 1825", "caffra A. Smith, 1826 [preoccupied]", "maniculata Cretzschmar, 1826 [preoccupied]", "caffra J. B. Fischer, 1829 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "ornata J. E. Gray, 1830", "torquata W. H. Sykes, 1831", "bubastis Ehrenberg, 1833", "dongalana Ehrenberg, 1833", "servalina Jardine, 1834", "caffer (J. E. Gray, 1843) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "dongolensis J. E. Gray, 1867 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "libycus (J. E. Gray, 1867) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "rueppellii J. E. Gray, 1867 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "syriaca Tristram, 1867", "caudata (J. E. Gray, 1874)", "cristata Lataste, 1885 [preoccupied]", "sarda Lataste, 1885", "mediterranea Martorelli, 1896", "mellandi Schwann, 1904", "rubida Schwann, 1904", "ugandae Schwann, 1904", "kozlovi Satunin, 1905", "mauritana Cabrera, 1906", "sardiniae (Mola, 1908)", "nandae E. Heller, 1913", "taitae E. Heller, 1913", "griseoflava Zukowsky, 1915", "longipilis Zukowsky, 1915", "macrothrix Zukowsky, 1915 [nomen novum]", "matschiei Zukowsky, 1915", "murgabensis Zukowsky, 1915", "schnitnikovi Birula, 1915 [infrasubspecific]", "chutuchta Birula, 1916", "nesterovi Birula, 1916", "cyrenarum Ghigi, 1920", "iraki Cheesman, 1920", "haussa O. Thomas & Hinton, 1921", "griselda O. Thomas, 1926", "namaquana O. Thomas, 1926", "xanthella O. Thomas, 1926", "rusticana O. Thomas, 1928", "reyi Lavauden, 1929", "issikulensis Ognev, 1930", "vernayi A. Roberts, 1932", "vellerosa Pocock, 1943", "brockmani Pocock, 1944", "foxi Pocock, 1944", "lowei Pocock, 1944", "lynesi Pocock, 1944", "pyrrha Pocock, 1944", "tristrami Pocock, 1944", "savanicola Dekeyser, 1950", "libyca Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 [unjustified emendation", "preoccupied]", "gordoni D. L. Harrison, 1968", "dongolana Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "ruppelii Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": "_F. l. cafra_ Desmarest, 1822 (synonyms: _caffra_ Smith, 1826, _griselda_ Thomas, 1926, _mellandi_ Schwann, 1904, _namaquana_ Thomas, 1926, _obscura_ Anderson & de Winton, 1902, _pyrrha_ Pocock, 1944, _rusticana_ Thomas, 1928, _vernayi_ Roberts, 1932, _xanthella_ Thomas, 1926); _F. l. lybica_ Forster, 1780 (synonyms: _brockmani_ Pocock, 1944, _bubastis_ Ehrenberg, 1833, _caligata_ Temminck, 1825, _cristata_ Lataste, 1885, _cyrenarum_ Ghigi, 1920, _dongalana_ Ehrenberg, 1833, _foxi_ Pocock, 1944, _gordoni_ Harrison, 1968, _haussa_ Thomas & Hinton, 1921, _iraki_ Cheesman, 1920, _libyca_ Olivier, 1804, _lowei_ Pocock, 1944, _lybiensis_ Kerr, 1792, _lynesi_ Pocock, 1944, _maniculata_ Cretzschmar, 1826, _maniculata_ Temminck, 1825, _mauritana_ Cabrera, 1906, _mediterranea_ Martorelli, 1896, _nandae_ Heller, 1913, _nubiensis_ Kerr, 1792, _ocreata_ Gmelin, 1791, _reyi_ Lavauden, 1929, _rubida_ Schwann, 1904, _rueppelii_ Schinz, 1825, _sarda_ Lataste, 1885, _sardiniae_ (Mola, 1908), _savanicola_ Dekeyser, 1950, _syriaca_ Tristram, 1867, _taitae_ Heller, 1913, _tristrami_ Pocock, 1944, _ugandae_ Schwann, 1904); _F. l. ornata_ Gray, 1830 (synonyms: _caudata_ (Gray, 1874), _chutuchta_ Бялыницкий-Бируля, 1916, _griseoflava_ Zukowsky, 1915, _issikulensis_ Огнёв, 1930, _kozlovi_ Сатунин, 1905, _longipilis_ Zukowsky, 1915, _macrothrix_ Zukowsky, 1915, _matschiei_ Zukowsky, 1915, _murgabensis_ Zukowsky, 1915, _nesterovi_ Бялыницкий-Бируля, 1916, _schnitnikovi_ Бялыницкий-Бируля, 1915, _servalina_ Jardine, 1834, _torquata_ Blyth, 1863, _torquata_ Sykes, 1831, _vellerosa_ Pocock, 1943)", "taxonomyNotes": "split from F. silvestris; lybicus changed to lybica to match gender; wild form of F. catus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Gentry, A., Clutton-Brock, J. and Groves, C.P. 2004. The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives. Journal of Archaeological Science 31(5):645-651. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006|Driscoll, C.A., Menotti-Raymond, M., Roca, A.L., Hupe, K., Johnson, W.E., Geffen, E., Harley, E.H., Delibes, M., Pontier, D., Kitchener, A.C., Yamaguchi, N., O'Brien, S.J. and Macdonald, D.W. 2007. The Near Eastern origin of cat domestication. Science 317(5837):519-523. doi:10.1126/science.1139518|Kitchener, A.C., Breitenmoser-Würsten, C., Eizirik, E., Gentry, A., Werdelin, L., Wilting, A., Yamaguchi, N., Abramov, A.V., Christiansen, P., Driscoll, C.A., Duckworth, J.W., Johnson, W., Luo, S.-j., Meijaard, E., O'Donoghue, P., Sanderson, J., Seymour, K., Bruford, M., Groves, C.P., Hoffmann, M., Nowell, K., Timmons, Z. and Tobe, S.S. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN/ SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11:1-80. a#35407" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "in the region of the ancient town of Gafsa, Tunisia.", "latitude": "34.422437", "longitude": "8.784386" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Angola", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Benin", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Cameroon", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "China", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "France", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Greece", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kenya", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Lesotho", "Libya", "Malawi", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Mongolia", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Republic of the Congo", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Cote d'Ivoire?", "Kuwait?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Angola", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Benin", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Cameroon", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "China", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "France", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Greece", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kenya", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Lesotho", "Libya", "Malawi", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Mongolia", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Republic of the Congo", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Cote d'Ivoire?", "Kuwait?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Felis lybica", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0043", "mddId": "1005988", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005988", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Felidae", "scientificName": "Felis margarita", "genus": "Felis", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "margarita", "authority": "Loche, 1858", "faName": "گربه شنی", "enName": "Sand Cat", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Feliformia", "infraorder": "Aeluroidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Feloidea", "family": "Felidae", "subfamily": "Felinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Felis margarita", "authorityCitation": "Loche, G.G. 1858-02. Description d'une nouvelle de chat. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée (2)10:49-50.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2316396", "nominalNames": [ "margueritae Loche, 1857 [nomen nudum]", "margarita Loche, 1858", "marginata J. E. Gray, 1867 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "margaritae Trouessart, 1897 [unjustified emendation]", "margueritei Trouessart, 1904 [unjustified emendation]", "marguerittei Trouessart, 1905 [variant", "preoccupied]", "thinobia (Ognev, 1926)", "airensis Pocock, 1938", "meinertzhageni Pocock, 1938", "margaritei Dekeyser, 1955 [variant]", "scheffeli Hemmer, 1974", "harrisoni Hemmer, Grubb, & Groves, 1976" ], "subspecies": "_F. m. margarita_ Loche, 1858 (synonyms: _airensis_ Pocock, 1938, _margueritae_ Loche, 1857, _meinertzhageni_ Pocock, 1938); _F. m. thinobia_ (Огнёв, 1926) (synonyms: _harrisoni_ Hemmer, Grubb & Groves, 1976, _scheffeli_ Hemmer, 1974)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Sahara, Algeria.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Algeria", "Chad", "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kuwait", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Saudi Arabia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Turkmenistan", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Israel?", "Pakistan?", "Qatar?", "Yemen?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Algeria", "Chad", "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kuwait", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Saudi Arabia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Turkmenistan", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Israel?", "Pakistan?", "Qatar?", "Yemen?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Felis margarita", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Felis margarita", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0044", "mddId": "1006007", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006007", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Felidae", "scientificName": "Lynx lynx", "genus": "Lynx", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "lynx", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "وشق (لینکس اوراسیایی)", "enName": "Eurasian Lynx", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Feliformia", "infraorder": "Aeluroidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Feloidea", "family": "Felidae", "subfamily": "Felinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Felis Lynx", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033854", "nominalNames": [ "lynx (Linnaeus, 1758)", "albus (Kerr, 1792)", "melinus (Kerr, 1792)", "vulgaris (Kerr, 1792) [nomen novum]", "borealis (Thunberg, 1798)", "kattlo (von Schrank, 1798)", "lyncula (S. Nilsson, 1820)", "cervarius (Temminck, 1825)", "lupulinus (Thunberg, 1825)", "vulpinus (Thunberg, 1825)", "virgatus (Nilsson, 1829) [preoccupied]", "engiholiensis (Schmerling, 1834)", "minutus (R. Wagner, 1835) [preoccupied]", "lynchus (B. H. Hodgson, 1842)", "isabellinus (E. Blyth, 1847)", "lyncinus (J. A. Wagner, 1851)", "enghioliensis (Giebel, 1855) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "tibetanus (J. E. Gray, 1863) [nomen nudum]", "irbisoides (Woldřich, 1893)", "lycina (Trouessart, 1897) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "engiholensis (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "wardi (Lydekker, 1904)", "kamensis (Satunin, 1905)", "orientalis Satunin, 1906", "dinniki Satunin, 1915", "baicalensis (Dybowsky, 1922) [nomen nudum]", "guttata Smirnov, 1922 [infrasubspecific]", "virgata Smirnov, 1922 [infrasubspecific", "preoccupied]", "begoueni (Bégouen, 1927)", "wrangeli Ognev, 1928", "strandi Kormos, 1932", "balcanicus (Bureš, 1941)", "kozlovi Fetisov, 1950", "neglectus Stroganov, 1962", "carpathicus Kratochvíl & Štollmann, 1963 [infrasubspecific]", "stroganovi (Heptner, 1969) [nomen novum]", "carpathicus Heptner, 1972", "martinoi Mirić, 1978", "lynculus Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "Wennersborg, S Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Mongolia", "Nepal", "North Korea", "Norway", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan", "Bhutan?", "Greece?", "Kosovo?", "Moldova?", "Montenegro?", "Serbia?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Mongolia", "Nepal", "North Korea", "Norway", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan", "Bhutan?", "Greece?", "Kosovo?", "Moldova?", "Montenegro?", "Serbia?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Lynx lynx", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Lynx lynx", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0045", "mddId": "1006010", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006010", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Felidae", "scientificName": "Otocolobus manul", "genus": "Otocolobus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "manul", "authority": "(Pallas, 1776)", "faName": "گربه پالاس", "enName": "Pallas's Cat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Manul", "Steppe Cat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Feliformia", "infraorder": "Aeluroidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Feloidea", "family": "Felidae", "subfamily": "Felinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Felis Manul", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1776. Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. Dritter Theil. Vom Jahr 1772. und 1773. Kayserliche Academie der Wissenschaften, Saint Petersburg, 760 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k973350/f715.item", "nominalNames": [ "manul (Pallas, 1776)", "nigripectus (B. H. Hodgson, 1842)", "fossilis (Trouessart, 1904) [preoccupied]", "mongolicus (Satunin, 1905)", "satuni (Lydekker, 1907) [nomen novum]", "ferrugineus Ognev, 1928", "hyperthrix (Schwangart, 1941)" ], "subspecies": "_O. m. manul_ (Pallas, 1776) (synonyms: _ferrugineus_ Огнёв, 1928, _mongolicus_ (Сатунин, 1905), _satuni_ (Lydekker, 1907)); _O. m. nigripectus_ (Hodgson, 1842)", "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Felis to Otocolobus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Johnson, W.E., Eizirik, E., Pecon-Slattery, J., Murphy, W.J., Antunes, A., Teeling, E. and O'Brien, S.J. 2006. The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311(5757):73-77. doi:10.1126/science.1122277" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "S of Lake Baikal, Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Bhutan", "China", "India", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Russia", "Turkmenistan", "Azerbaijan?", "Tajikistan?", "Uzbekistan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": "recently re-discovered in Armenia", "notesCitation": "Khorozyan, I., Ananian, V. and Malkhasyan, A. 2021. No longer regionally extinct: a review of Pallas's Cat _Otocolobus manul_ records from the Caucasus with a new record from Armenia (Mammalia: Felidae). Zoology in the Middle East 67(1):12-18. doi:10.1080/09397140.2020.1865663" }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Bhutan", "China", "India", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Russia", "Turkmenistan", "Azerbaijan?", "Tajikistan?", "Uzbekistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Otocolobus manul", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Felis manul", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0046", "mddId": "1006022", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006022", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Felidae", "scientificName": "Panthera pardus", "genus": "Panthera", "subgenus": "Panthera", "specificEpithet": "pardus", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "پلنگ ایرانی", "enName": "Leopard", "otherCommonNames": [ "Panther" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Feliformia", "infraorder": "Aeluroidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Feloidea", "family": "Felidae", "subfamily": "Pantherinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Felis Pardus", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033833", "nominalNames": [ "pardus (Linnaeus, 1758)", "leopardus (von Schreber, 1775)", "panthera (von Schreber, 1775)", "fusca (F. A. A. Meyer, 1794)", "chalybeata (von Schreber, 1804)", "varia (von Schreber, 1804)", "leopardina (Goldfuss, 1809)", "melas (G. Cuvier, 1809)", "nigra (Goldfuss, 1809) [preoccupied]", "leopardis (Perry, 1811) [unjustified emendation]", "pantherus (Perry, 1811) [unjustified emendation]", "vulgaris Oken, 1816 [placed on index]", "leopardus (A. Smith, 1826) [preoccupied]", "antiquorum (J. E. Gray, 1827)", "palearia (F. Cuvier in É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & F. Cuvier, 1832) [not published with a generic name]", "nimr (Ehrenberg, 1833)", "prisca (Schmerling, 1834) [preoccupied]", "antiqua (G. Cuvier, 1835) [preoccupied]", "variegata (J. A. Wagner, 1841)", "palearia (Lesson, 1842)", "barbara (de Blainville, 1843) [preoccupied]", "sumatrana (de Blainville, 1843) [preoccupied]", "laurillardi (Philippe, 1852)", "longicaudata (Valenciennes, 1856) [preoccupied]", "poecilura (Valenciennes, 1856)", "tulliana (Valenciennes, 1856)", "orientalis (Schlegel, 1857)", "japanensis (J. E. Gray, 1862)", "japonensis (J. E. Gray, 1863)", "melania (J. E. Gray, 1863) [nomen nudum]", "pernigra (J. E. Gray, 1863)", "chinensis (J. E. Gray, 1867) [preoccupied]", "fontanierii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867)", "fossilis (Lartet, 1867)", "nigra Fitzinger, 1868 [preoccupied]", "fontanieri (A. David, 1871) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "japonensis (Swinhoe, 1871) [nomen nudum]", "leopardus (P. L. Sclater, 1878) [preoccupied]", "brachystoma (Bourguignat, 1879)", "filholiana (Bourguignat, 1879)", "larteti (Bourguignat, 1879)", "presbyterus (Bourguignat, 1879) [nomen novum]", "melanotica (A. Günther, 1885)", "pardoides (Woldřich, 1893)", "minor (Matschie, 1895) [preoccupied]", "suahelica (O. R. Neumann, 1900)", "villosa (Bonhote, 1903)", "chinensis (Brass, 1904) [preoccupied]", "grayi (Trouessart, 1904) [nomen novum]", "nanopardus (O. Thomas, 1904)", "ruwenzorii (Camerano, 1906)", "hanensis Matschie, 1908", "melanosticta (Lydekker, 1908) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "sinensis (E. Brass, 1911) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "chui (E. Heller, 1913)", "fortis (E. Heller, 1913)", "ciscaucasica (Satunin, 1914)", "centralis (Lönnberg, 1917) [preoccupied]", "reichenowi Cabrera, 1918", "antinorii (De Beaux, 1924)", "iturensis J. A. Allen, 1924", "adusta Pocock, 1927", "saxicolor Pocock, 1927", "bedfordi Pocock, 1930", "delacouri Pocock, 1930", "millardi Pocock, 1930", "sindica Pocock, 1930", "adersi Pocock, 1932", "brockmani Pocock, 1932", "jarvisi Pocock, 1932", "puella Pocock, 1932", "shortridgei Pocock, 1932", "spelaea (Bächler, 1936) [preoccupied]", "kotiya Deraniyagala, 1949", "dathei Zukowsky, 1959", "transcaucasica Zukowsky, 1964", "sickenbergi Schütt, 1969", "lunellensis (Bonifay, 1971)", "vraonensis Nagel, 1999", "chinenesis Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "leoparda Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "leoparda Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "nanoparda Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "ruwenzori D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_P. p. delacouri_ Pocock, 1930 (synonyms: _variegata_ (Lydekker, 1914)); _P. p. fusca_ (Meyer, 1794) (synonyms: _chinensis_ (Brass, 1904), _longicaudata_ (Valenciennes, 1856), _melas_ (Pousargues, 1896), _millardi_ Pocock, 1930, _nigra_ (Goldfuss, 1809), _pernigra_ (Gray, 1863), _variegata_ (Allen, 1912)); _P. p. kotiya_ Deraniyagala, 1949; _P. p. melas_ (Cuvier, 1809) (synonyms: _variegata_ (Wagner, 1841)); _P. p. nimr_ (Ehrenberg, 1833) (synonyms: _jarvisi_ Pocock, 1932); _P. p. orientalis_ (Schlegel, 1857) (synonyms: _bedfordi_ Pocock, 1930, _chinensis_ (Gray, 1867), _fontanierii_ (Milne-Edwards, 1867), _grayi_ (Trouessart, 1904), _hanensis_ Matschie, 1908, _japanensis_ (Gray, 1862), _japonensis_ (Gray, 1863), _japonensis_ (Swinhoe, 1871), _villosa_ (Bonhote, 1903)); _P. p. pardus_ (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonyms: _adersi_ Pocock, 1932, _adusta_ Pocock, 1927, _antinorii_ (De Beaux, 1924), _barbara_ (Blainville, 1843), _brockmani_ Pocock, 1932, _centralis_ (Lönnberg, 1917), _chui_ (Heller, 1913), _fortis_ (Heller, 1913), _iturensis_ Allen, 1924, _leopardus_ (Schreber, 1775), _leopardus_ (Smith, 1826), _melanotica_ (Günther, 1885), _minor_ (Matschie, 1895), _nanopardus_ (Thomas, 1904), _nigra_ Fitzinger, 1868, _palearia_ (Lesson, 1842), _panthera_ (Schreber, 1775), _poecilura_ (Valenciennes, 1856), _poliopardus_ (Brehm, 1863), _puella_ Pocock, 1932, _reichenowi_ Cabrera, 1918, _ruwenzorii_ (Camerano, 1906), _shortridgei_ Pocock, 1932, _suahelica_ (Neumann, 1900), _varia_ (Schreber, 1804), _vulgaris_ Oken, 1816); _P. p. sickenbergi_ Schütt, 1969 (fossil); _P. p. tulliana_ (Valenciennes, 1856) (synonyms: _ciscaucasica_ (Сатунин, 1914), _dathei_ Zukowsky, 1959, _leopardus_ (Sclater, 1878), _saxicolor_ Pocock, 1927, _sindica_ Pocock, 1930, _transcaucasica_ Zukowsky, 1964); _P. p. vraonensis_ Nagel, 1999 (fossil; synonyms: _spelaea_ (Bächler, 1936))", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "Egypt.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Angola", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bangladesh", "Benin", "Bhutan", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Burundi", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "China", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Equatorial Guinea", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Gabon", "Ghana", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kenya", "Liberia", "Malawi", "Malaysia", "Mali", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nepal", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Republic of the Congo", "Russia", "Rwanda", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Algeria?", "Gambia?", "Georgia?", "Israel?", "Laos?", "Lesotho?", "North Korea?", "Palestine?", "Tajikistan?", "Vietnam?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Angola", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bangladesh", "Benin", "Bhutan", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Burundi", "Cambodia", "Cameroon", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "China", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Equatorial Guinea", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Gabon", "Ghana", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kenya", "Liberia", "Malawi", "Malaysia", "Mali", "Mozambique", "Myanmar", "Namibia", "Nepal", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Republic of the Congo", "Russia", "Rwanda", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Tanzania", "Thailand", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Algeria?", "Gambia?", "Georgia?", "Israel?", "Laos?", "Lesotho?", "North Korea?", "Palestine?", "Tajikistan?", "Vietnam?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Panthera pardus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Panthera pardus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0047", "mddId": "1006050", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006050", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Herpestidae", "scientificName": "Urva auropunctata", "genus": "Urva", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "auropunctata", "authority": "(B. H. Hodgson, 1836)", "faName": "", "enName": "Small Indian Mongoose", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Feliformia", "infraorder": "Aeluroidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Viverroidea", "family": "Herpestidae", "subfamily": "Herpestinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mangusta Auropunctata", "authorityCitation": "Hodgson, B.H. 1836. Synoptical description of sundry new animals, enumerated in the catalogue of Nipálese mammals. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5:231-238.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37188332", "nominalNames": [ "auropunctata (B. H. Hodgson, 1836)", "nepalensis (J. E. Gray, 1837)", "auropunctala (B. H. Hodgson, 1841) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "auropiunctatus (B. H. Hodgson, 1844) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pallipes (E. Blyth in F. W. Hutton, 1845)", "persica (J. E. Gray, 1865)", "birmanica (O. Thomas, 1886)", "helva (Ryley, 1914)", "palustris (Ghose, 1965)" ], "subspecies": "_U. a. auropunctata_ (Hodgson, 1836) (synonyms: _birmanica_ (Thomas, 1886), _nepalensis_ (Gray, 1837)); _U. a. pallipes_ (Blyth, 1845) (synonyms: _helva_ (Ryley, 1914), _persica_ (Gray, 1865)); _U. a. palustris_ (Ghose, 1965)", "taxonomyNotes": "split from U. javanica; moved from Herpestes to Urva, species misspelled: -us -> -a", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Patou, M.-L., McLenachan, P.A., Morley, C.G., Couloux, A., Jennings, A.P. and Veron, G. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of the Herpestidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) with a special emphasis on the Asian _Herpestes_. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53(1):69-80. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.038|Veron, G., Patou, M.-L., Pothet, G., Simberloff, D. and Jennings, A.P. 2007. Systematic status and biogeography of the Javan and small Indian mongooses (Herpestidae, Carnivora). Zoologica Scripta 36(1):1-10. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00261.x" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1843.1.12.20", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/f478b105-550b-41b7-bc8f-31439ee966c1" ], "locality": "central Nepal.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Jordan?", "Oman?", "Saudi Arabia?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Jordan?", "Oman?", "Saudi Arabia?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Urva auropunctata", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0048", "mddId": "1006052", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006052", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Herpestidae", "scientificName": "Urva edwardsii", "genus": "Urva", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "edwardsii", "authority": "(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813)", "faName": "", "enName": "Indian Gray Mongoose", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Feliformia", "infraorder": "Aeluroidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Viverroidea", "family": "Herpestidae", "subfamily": "Herpestinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "ichneumon Edwardsii", "authorityCitation": "Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1813-03. Description des mammifères qui se trouvent en Égypte. Pp. 99–144 in Anonymous. 1818. Description de l'Égypte, ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'Armée française, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté l'Empéreur Napoléon le Grand. Histoire naturelle. Tome second. Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, 752 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15953728", "nominalNames": [ "nems (Kerr, 1792)", "edwardsii (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813)", "grisea (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813)", "edwardii (Griffith, 1822) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "frederici (A. G. Desmarest, 1823)", "malaccensis (Horsfield, 1823)", "leschenaultii (H. R. Schinz, 1825)", "nyula (B. H. Hodgson, 1836)", "pallida (J. A. Wagner, 1841)", "ponticeriana (P. Gervais, 1841) [nomen nudum]", "edwarsii (Lesson, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "nigula (B. H. Hodgson, 1844) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "fimbriata (Temminck, 1853)", "ferruginea (Blanford, 1875)", "andersoni (J. A. Murray, 1884)", "pallens (Ryley, 1914)", "ellioti (Wroughton, 1915) [preoccupied]", "lanka (Wroughton, 1915)", "moerens (Wroughton, 1915)", "carnatica (Wroughton, 1921) [nomen novum]", "edwardsi (Wroughton, 1921) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "montana (Bechthold, 1936)", "pondiceriana (Pocock, 1937) [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_U. e. edwardsii_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813) (synonyms: _carnatica_ (Wroughton, 1921), _ellioti_ (Wroughton, 1915), _fimbriata_ (Temminck, 1853), _frederici_ (Desmarest, 1823), _grisea_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813), _leschenaultii_ (Schinz, 1825), _malaccensis_ (Horsfield, 1823), _nems_ (Kerr, 1792), _pallida_ (Wagner, 1841), _ponticeriana_ (Gervais, 1841)); _U. e. ferruginea_ (Blanford, 1875) (synonyms: _andersoni_ (Murray, 1884), _pallens_ (Ryley, 1914)); _U. e. lanka_ (Wroughton, 1915) (synonyms: _griseus_ (Kelaart, 1852), _mungo_ (Blanford, 1888)); _U. e. montana_ (Bechthold, 1936); _U. e. nyula_ (Hodgson, 1836) (synonyms: _moerens_ (Wroughton, 1915))", "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Herpestes to Urva", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Patou, M.-L., McLenachan, P.A., Morley, C.G., Couloux, A., Jennings, A.P. and Veron, G. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of the Herpestidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) with a special emphasis on the Asian _Herpestes_. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53(1):69-80. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.038" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Madras, East Indies.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kuwait", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "Sri Lanka" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kuwait", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "Sri Lanka" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Urva edwardsii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Herpestes edwardsi", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0049", "mddId": "1006072", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006072", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Hyaenidae", "scientificName": "Hyaena hyaena", "genus": "Hyaena", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "hyaena", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "کفتار راه‌راه", "enName": "Striped Hyena", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Feliformia", "infraorder": "Aeluroidea", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Viverroidea", "family": "Hyaenidae", "subfamily": "Hyaeninae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Canis Hyæna", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033832", "nominalNames": [ "hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758)", "striata E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1777 [placed on index]", "striata E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1780", "striata Boddaert, 1785 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "aethiopica (Kerr, 1792)", "dubbah F. A. A. Meyer, 1793", "vulgaris É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803", "orientalis Tiedemann, 1808 [nomen novum]", "antiquorum Temminck, 1820 [nomen novum]", "fasciata Thunberg, 1820 [nomen novum]", "hyaenomelas (A. G. Desmarest, 1821) [not used as valid]", "hyena (J. E. Gray, 1821) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "dubia H. R. Schinz, 1825", "virgata W. Ogilby, 1839 [nomen nudum]", "brucii Boitard, 1841 [nomen novum]", "barbara de Blainville, 1844", "indica de Blainville, 1844", "suilla De Filippi, 1853", "hienomelas Matschie, 1900", "schillingsi Matschie, 1900", "syriaca Matschie, 1900", "bilkiewiczi Satunin, 1905", "bokcharensis Satunin, 1905", "zarudnyi Satunin, 1905", "bergeri Matschie, 1910", "satunini Matschie, 1910", "rendilis Lönnberg, 1912", "sultana Pocock, 1934", "makapani Toerien, 1952", "forfex (Ewer, 1955)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "India.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Burkina Faso", "Cameroon", "Chad", "Djibouti", "Ethiopia", "Georgia", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Nepal", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "South Sudan", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tanzania", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen", "Benin?", "Central African Republic?", "Eritrea?", "Guinea?", "Kuwait?", "Qatar?", "Somalia?", "Sudan?", "United Arab Emirates?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Burkina Faso", "Cameroon", "Chad", "Djibouti", "Ethiopia", "Georgia", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Nepal", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "South Sudan", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tanzania", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen", "Benin?", "Central African Republic?", "Eritrea?", "Guinea?", "Kuwait?", "Qatar?", "Somalia?", "Sudan?", "United Arab Emirates?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Hyaena hyaena", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Hyaena hyaena", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0050", "mddId": "1005848", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005848", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Mustelidae", "scientificName": "Lutra lutra", "genus": "Lutra", "subgenus": "Lutra", "specificEpithet": "lutra", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "سمور آبی", "enName": "Eurasian Otter", "otherCommonNames": [ "European Otter" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Arctoidea", "parvorder": "Mustelida", "superfamily": null, "family": "Mustelidae", "subfamily": "Lutrinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mustela Lutra", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033856", "nominalNames": [ "lutra (Linnaeus, 1758)", "vulgaris Erxleben, 1777 [nomen novum]", "piscatoria (Kerr, 1792) [nomen novum]", "fluviatilis Leach, 1816 [nomen nudum]", "barang F. Cuvier, 1823", "nair F. Cuvier, 1823", "marina Billberg, 1827 [preoccupied]", "nudipes Melchior, 1834", "roensis W. Ogilby, 1835", "chinensis J. E. Gray, 1837", "indica J. E. Gray, 1837", "aurobrunnea B. H. Hodgson, 1839", "monticolus B. H. Hodgson, 1839", "monticola B. H. Hodgson, 1841 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "kutab H. R. Schinz, 1844", "sinensis J. E. Gray, 1863 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "nepalensis (J. E. Gray, 1865)", "whiteleyi (J. E. Gray, 1867)", "angustifrons Lataste, 1885", "japonica Nehring, 1887 [nomen novum]", "splendida Cabrera, 1906", "hanensis Matschie, 1908", "seistanica Birula, 1913", "oxiana Birula, 1915", "ceylonica Pohle, 1919", "intermedia Pohle, 1919", "amurensis Dybowski, 1922 [nomen nudum]", "baicalensis Dybowski, 1922 [nomen nudum]", "kamtschatica Dybowski, 1922 [nomen nudum]", "meridionalis Ognev, 1931", "lowei (Pocock, 1933)", "stejnegeri E. A. Goldman, 1936", "borealis Stroganov, 1960", "hainana Xu Longhui & Liu Zhenhe in Xu Longhui, Liu Zhenhe, Liao Weiping, Li Xiaohui, Yu Simian, Qiu Jinchang, Zhou Yuyuan, Deng Juxie, Guan Guanxun, Liu Jizhen, & Yan Kun, 1983" ], "subspecies": "_L. l. angustifrons_ Lataste, 1885 (synonyms: _splendida_ Cabrera, 1906); _L. l. aurobrunnea_ Hodgson, 1839 (synonyms: _nepalensis_ (Gray, 1865)); _L. l. barang_ Cuvier, 1823 (synonyms: _intermedia_ Pohle, 1919); _L. l. chinensis_ Gray, 1837 (synonyms: _hanensis_ Matschie, 1908); _L. l. hainana_ Xu & Liu, 1983; _L. l. kutab_ Schinz, 1844; _L. l. lutra_ (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonyms: _amurensis_ Dybowski, 1922, _baicalensis_ Dybowski, 1922, _borealis_ Строганов, 1960, _fluviatilis_ Leach, 1816, _kamtschatica_ Dybowski, 1922, _marina_ Billberg, 1827, _nudipes_ Melchior, 1834, _piscatoria_ (Kerr, 1792), _roensis_ Ogilby, 1835, _stejnegeri_ Goldman, 1936, _vulgaris_ Erxleben, 1777); _L. l. meridionalis_ Огнёв, 1931; _L. l. monticolus_ Hodgson, 1839; _L. l. nair_ Cuvier, 1823 (synonyms: _ceylonica_ Pohle, 1919, _indica_ Gray, 1837); _L. l. seistanica_ Бялыницкий-Бируля, 1913 (synonyms: _oxiana_ Бялыницкий-Бируля, 1915); _L. l. whiteleyi_ (Gray, 1867) (synonyms: _japonica_ Nehring, 1887)", "taxonomyNotes": "sometimes considered to include L. nippon, although recent molecular studies have shown that the species is a distinct species", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Park, H.-C., Kurihara, N., Kim, K.S., Min, M.-S., Han, S.-y., Lee, H. and Kimura, J. 2019. What is the taxonomic status of East Asian otter species based on molecular evidence?: focus on the position of the Japanese otter holotype specimen from museum. Animal Cells and Systems 23(3):228-234. doi:10.1080/19768354.2019.1601133|Russo, L.F., Lanzetti, A., Meloro, C., Portela Miguez, R., Oleynikov, A., Goswami, A. and Loy, A. 2025. Cranial variation of _Lutra lutra_ (Carnivora: Mustelidae) across the Palaearctic: taxonomic and management implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 205(4):zlaf164. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf164" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Cambodia", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Laos", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Cambodia", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Indonesia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Laos", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Lutra lutra", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Lutra lutra", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0051", "mddId": "1005820", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005820", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Mustelidae", "scientificName": "Martes foina", "genus": "Martes", "subgenus": "Martes", "specificEpithet": "foina", "authority": "(von Schreber, 1776)", "faName": "سمور سنگی", "enName": "Stone Marten", "otherCommonNames": [ "Beech Marten", "House Marten", "White-breasted Marten" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Arctoidea", "parvorder": "Mustelida", "superfamily": null, "family": "Mustelidae", "subfamily": "Guloninae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mustela Foina", "authorityCitation": "Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1776. pl. 129. P. pl. 129 in Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774-1855. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Walther, Erlangen.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31064732", "nominalNames": [ "foina (von Schreber, 1776)", "fogna (E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1780) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "domestica Pinel, 1792", "alba (Bechstein, 1801) [preoccupied]", "foyna (Pallas, 1811) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "fagorum (Griffith, 1822) [nomen novum]", "fogorum S.D.W., 1836 [nomen novum]", "fouina C. H. Smith, 1842 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "toufoea B. H. Hodgson, 1842", "toufaeus E. Blyth, 1863 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "fagorum (Fatio, 1869) [not used as valid]", "intermedia (Severtzov, 1873)", "leucolachnaea Blanford, 1879", "mediterranea (Barrett-Hamilton, 1898)", "fuina de Seabra, 1900 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "palaesyriaca (Nehring, 1902)", "syriaca (Nehring, 1902)", "leucolachnea (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "toufaea (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "bunites (Bate, 1906)", "nehringi (Satunin, 1906)", "latifrons (Satunin, 1908)", "bosniaca (E. Brass, 1911)", "altaica Satunin, 1914", "milleri Festa, 1914", "rosanowi V. E. Martino & E. V. Martino, 1917", "kozlovi Ognev, 1931", "ognevi Laptev, 1946" ], "subspecies": "_M. f. bosniaca_ (Brass, 1911); _M. f. bunites_ (Bate, 1906); _M. f. foina_ (Schreber, 1776) (synonyms: _alba_ (Bechstein, 1801), _domestica_ Pinel, 1792, _fagorum_ (Fatio, 1869), _fagorum_ (Griffith, 1822), _fogorum_ S.D.W., 1836); _M. f. intermedia_ (Северцов, 1873) (synonyms: _altaica_ Сатунин, 1914, _leucolachnaea_ Blanford, 1879, _toufoeus_ Wroughton, 1919); _M. f. kozlovi_ Огнёв, 1931; _M. f. mediterranea_ (Barrett-Hamilton, 1898); _M. f. milleri_ Festa, 1914; _M. f. nehringi_ (Сатунин, 1906); _M. f. ognevi_ Laptev, 1946; _M. f. palaesyriaca_ (Nehring, 1902) (fossil); _M. f. rosanowi_ Martino & Martino, 1917; _M. f. syriaca_ (Nehring, 1902); _M. f. toufoea_ Hodgson, 1842", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Germany.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Martes foina", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Martes foina", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0052", "mddId": "1005822", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005822", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Mustelidae", "scientificName": "Martes martes", "genus": "Martes", "subgenus": "Martes", "specificEpithet": "martes", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "سمور جنگلی", "enName": "European Pine Marten", "otherCommonNames": [ "Pine Marten", "European Marten" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Arctoidea", "parvorder": "Mustelida", "superfamily": null, "family": "Mustelidae", "subfamily": "Guloninae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mustela Martes", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033857", "nominalNames": [ "martes (Linnaeus, 1758)", "sylvestris (Oken, 1816) [placed on index", "nomen novum]", "marta (Rafinesque, 1817) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "abietum Muirhead, 1819 [nomen novum]", "sylvatica S. Nilsson, 1820 [nomen novum]", "martis (Fleming, 1822) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "vulgaris J. E. Gray, 1827 [nomen novum]", "martres (de Brincken, 1828) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "sylvestris Gloger, 1841", "silvestris Schulze, 1897 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "latinorum (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904)", "notialis (Cavazza, 1912)", "lorenzi Ognev, 1926", "ruthena Ognev, 1926", "borealis Kuznetsov, 1941 [infrasubspecific]", "uralensis Kuznetsov, 1941", "borealis Kuznetsov in Bobrinski, Kuznetsov, & Kuzyakin, 1944 [preoccupied]", "sabaneevi Jurgenson, 1947", "minoricensis Alcover, M. Delibes, Gosàlbez, & Nadal, 1986", "kuznetsovi Rossolimo & Pavlinov in Pavlinov & Rossolimo, 1987 [nomen novum]" ], "subspecies": "_M. m. kuznetsovi_ Россолимо & Павлинов, 1987 (synonyms: _borealis_ Кузнецов, 1941, _borealis_ Кузнецов, 1944, _sabaneevi_ Юргенсон, 1947); _M. m. latinorum_ (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904); _M. m. lorenzi_ Огнёв, 1926; _M. m. martes_ (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonyms: _abietum_ Muirhead, 1819, _silvestris_ Schulze, 1897, _sylvatica_ Nilsson, 1820, _sylvestris_ (Oken, 1816), _sylvestris_ Gloger, 1841, _vulgaris_ Gray, 1827); _M. m. minoricensis_ Alcover, Delibes, Gosàlbez & Nadal, 1986; _M. m. notialis_ (Cavazza, 1912); _M. m. ruthena_ Огнёв, 1926; _M. m. uralensis_ Кузнецов, 1941", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Martes martes", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Martes martes", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0053", "mddId": "1005857", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005857", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Mustelidae", "scientificName": "Meles canescens", "genus": "Meles", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "canescens", "authority": "Blanford, 1875", "faName": "گورکن", "enName": "Caucasian Badger", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Arctoidea", "parvorder": "Mustelida", "superfamily": null, "family": "Mustelidae", "subfamily": "Melinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Meles canescens", "authorityCitation": "Blanford, W.T. 1875-11-01. Descriptions of new Mammalia from Persia and Balúchistan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)16(95):309-313.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25128192", "nominalNames": [ "canescens Blanford, 1875", "minor Satunin, 1905", "arcalus G. S. Miller, 1907", "urartuorum Satunin, 1908", "rhodia Festa, 1914", "pontica Blackler, 1916", "severzovi Heptner, 1940", "bokharensis V. V. Petrov, 1953 [infrasubspecific]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from M. meles", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Abramov, A.V. and Puzachenko, A.Yu. 2013. The taxonomic status of badgers (Mammalia, Mustelidae) from Southwest Asia based on cranial morphometrics, with the redescription of _Meles canescens_. Zootaxa 3681(1):44-58. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3681.1.2" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZSI 16538", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Abadah, Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Egypt", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Palestine", "Russia", "Syria", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Afghanistan?", "Tajikistan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Egypt", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Palestine", "Russia", "Syria", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Afghanistan?", "Tajikistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Meles canescens", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0054", "mddId": "1005860", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005860", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Mustelidae", "scientificName": "Mellivora capensis", "genus": "Mellivora", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "capensis", "authority": "(von Schreber, 1776)", "faName": "گورکن عسل‌خوار", "enName": "Honey Badger", "otherCommonNames": [ "Ratel" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Arctoidea", "parvorder": "Mustelida", "superfamily": null, "family": "Mustelidae", "subfamily": "Mellivorinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Viverra capensis", "authorityCitation": "Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1776. pl. 125. P. pl. 125 in Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774-1855. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Walther, Erlangen.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31064712", "nominalNames": [ "capensis (von Schreber, 1776)", "ratel (Sparrman, 1777)", "mellivora (E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1780)", "indica (Boddaert, 1785)", "melivora (J. Wolf, 1796) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "mellivora (G. Cuvier, 1797) [preoccupied]", "mellivora (G. K. Shaw, 1800) [preoccupied]", "inaurita (Goldfuss, 1809) [nomen novum]", "mellivora (A. Smith, 1826) [preoccupied]", "mellivora (E. T. Bennett, 1830) [preoccupied]", "typica (A. Smith, 1833)", "inaurita (B. H. Hodgson, 1836) [preoccupied]", "nepalensis (Lesson, 1842) [nomen novum]", "ratelus L. Fraser, 1862 [nomen nudum]", "leuconota P. L. Sclater, 1867", "cottoni Lydekker, 1906", "concisa O. Thomas & Wroughton, 1907", "signata Pocock, 1909", "abyssinica Hollister, 1910", "sagulata Hollister, 1910", "brockmani Wroughton & Cheesman, 1920", "wilsoni Cheesman, 1920", "maxwelli O. Thomas, 1923", "buchanani O. Thomas, 1925", "vernayi A. Roberts, 1932", "pumilio Pocock, 1946", "buechneri Baryshnikov, 2000" ], "subspecies": "_M. c. abyssinica_ Hollister, 1910; _M. c. buechneri_ Baryshnikov, 2000; _M. c. capensis_ (Schreber, 1776) (synonyms: _mellivora_ (Cuvier, 1797), _mellivora_ (Shaw, 1800), _mellivora_ (Smith, 1826), _mellivora_ (Zimmermann, 1780), _ratel_ (Sparrman, 1777), _typica_ (Smith, 1833), _vernayi_ Roberts, 1932); _M. c. concisa_ Thomas & Wroughton, 1907 (synonyms: _brockmani_ Wroughton & Cheesman, 1920, _buchanani_ Thomas, 1925); _M. c. cottoni_ Lydekker, 1906 (synonyms: _sagulata_ Hollister, 1910); _M. c. indica_ (Boddaert, 1785) (synonyms: _inaurita_ (Goldfuss, 1809), _mellivora_ (Bennett, 1830), _ratel_ Horsfield, 1851, _ratelus_ Fraser, 1862); _M. c. leuconota_ Sclater, 1867; _M. c. maxwelli_ Thomas, 1923; _M. c. nepalensis_ (Lesson, 1842) (synonyms: _inaurita_ (Hodgson, 1836)); _M. c. pumilio_ Pocock, 1946; _M. c. signata_ Pocock, 1909; _M. c. wilsoni_ Cheesman, 1920", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.", "latitude": "-34.35811", "longitude": "18.47193" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Algeria", "Angola", "Benin", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Burundi", "Cameroon", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Egypt", "Equatorial Guinea", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Lebanon", "Lesotho", "Liberia", "Malawi", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Nepal", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Rwanda", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Algeria", "Angola", "Benin", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Burundi", "Cameroon", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Egypt", "Equatorial Guinea", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Lebanon", "Lesotho", "Liberia", "Malawi", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Nepal", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Rwanda", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "Somalia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Mellivora capensis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Mellivora capensis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0055", "mddId": "1005874", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005874", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Mustelidae", "scientificName": "Mustela nivalis", "genus": "Mustela", "subgenus": "Mustela", "specificEpithet": "nivalis", "authority": "Linnaeus, 1766", "faName": "راسو", "enName": "Least Weasel", "otherCommonNames": [ "Weasel" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Arctoidea", "parvorder": "Mustelida", "superfamily": null, "family": "Mustelidae", "subfamily": "Mustelinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mustela nivalis", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1766. Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Duodecima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 532 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946265", "nominalNames": [ "nivalis Linnaeus, 1766", "niualis Erxleben, 1777 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "vulgaris Erxleben, 1777", "aestiva J. F. Gmelin, 1788", "boccamela Bechstein, 1799", "boccomela Bechstein, 1801 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "gale Pallas, 1811 [nomen novum]", "ictis (Muirhead, 1819)", "minor S. Nilsson, 1820 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "bocamela Kaup, 1829 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "subpalmata Ehrenberg, 1833", "minuta (A. Pomel, 1853) [preoccupied]", "numidica (Pucheran, 1855)", "americana J. E. Gray, 1865 [preoccupied]", "albipes Minà-Palumbo, 1868", "fulva Minà-Palumbo, 1868 [preoccupied]", "meridionalis (O. G. Costa, 1869)", "pusilla (Fatio, 1869) [preoccupied]", "stoliczkana Blanford, 1877", "minuta (Woldřich, 1884) [preoccupied]", "algirica (O. Thomas, 1895)", "rixosa (Bangs, 1896)", "nikolskii Semenov, 1899", "nikolskii (Smirnov, 1899) [preoccupied]", "caucasica (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900)", "eskimo (Stone, 1900)", "iberica (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900)", "italica (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900)", "pallida (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900)", "sicula (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900)", "typica (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900) [nomen novum]", "allegheniensis (Rhoads, 1901)", "dombrowskii Matschie, 1901", "pygmaea (J. A. Allen, 1903)", "alleghenensis (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "atlas (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904)", "major (Fatio, 1905) [preoccupied]", "galinthias (Bate, 1906)", "siculae (Bate, 1906) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "corsicana (Cavazza, 1908)", "dinniki (Satunin, 1908)", "monticola (Cavazza, 1908)", "russelliana O. Thomas, 1911", "campestris H. H. T. Jackson, 1913", "alpina (von Burg, 1920) [preoccupied]", "namiyei Kuroda, 1921", "kamtschatica (Dybowski, 1922) [nomen nudum]", "punctata Domaniewski, 1926", "mosanensis Mori, 1927", "caraftensis Kishida, 1936 [nomen nudum]", "yesoidsuna Kishida, 1936 [nomen nudum]", "trettaui Kleinschmidt, 1937", "hungarica Vásárhelyi, 1942 [preoccupied]", "tonkinensis Björkegren, 1942", "vasarhelyii M. Kretzoi, 1942 [nomen novum]", "kerulenica Bannikov, 1952", "heptneri Morozova-Turova, 1953", "occidentalis Kratochvíl, 1977 [infrasubspecific", "preoccupied]", "rossica Abramov & Baryshnikov, 2000", "formosana Duff & A. Lawson, 2004 [nomen nudum]", "vasarhelyi Wozencraft, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "formosana Lin Liangkong, Motokawa, & M. Harada, 2010", "kudarensis Baryshnikov, 2010" ], "subspecies": "_M. n. allegheniensis_ (Rhoads, 1901); _M. n. boccamela_ Bechstein, 1799 (synonyms: _alpina_ (Burg, 1920), _ictis_ (Muirhead, 1819), _italica_ (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900), _major_ (Fatio, 1905)); _M. n. campestris_ Jackson, 1913 (synonyms: _pusillus_ (Aughey, 1880)); _M. n. caucasica_ (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900) (synonyms: _dinniki_ (Сатунин, 1908)); _M. n. eskimo_ (Stone, 1900); _M. n. formosana_ Lin, Motokawa & Harada, 2010 (synonyms: _formosana_ Duff & Lawson, 2004); _M. n. heptneri_ Морозова-Турова, 1953; _M. n. kudarensis_ Baryshnikov, 2010 (fossil); _M. n. mosanensis_ Mori, 1927; _M. n. namiyei_ Kuroda, 1921; _M. n. nivalis_ Linnaeus, 1766 (synonyms: _caraftensis_ Kishida, 1936, _kerulenica_ Банников, 1952, _minor_ Nilsson, 1820, _punctata_ Domaniewski, 1926, _typica_ (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900), _yesoidsuna_ Kishida, 1936); _M. n. numidica_ (Pucheran, 1855) (synonyms: _albipes_ Minà-Palumbo, 1868, _algirica_ (Thomas, 1895), _atlas_ (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904), _corsicana_ (Cavazza, 1908), _fulva_ Minà-Palumbo, 1868, _galinthias_ (Bate, 1906), _iberica_ (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900), _meridionalis_ (Costa, 1869), _sicula_ (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900)); _M. n. pallida_ (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900); _M. n. pygmaea_ (Allen, 1903) (synonyms: _kamtschatica_ (Dybowski, 1922)); _M. n. rixosa_ (Bangs, 1896); _M. n. rossica_ Абрамов & Baryshnikov, 2000; _M. n. russelliana_ Thomas, 1911; _M. n. stoliczkana_ Blanford, 1877; _M. n. subpalmata_ Ehrenberg, 1833; _M. n. tonkinensis_ Björkegren, 1942; _M. n. vulgaris_ Erxleben, 1777 (synonyms: _aestiva_ Gmelin, 1788, _dombrowskii_ Matschie, 1901, _gale_ Pallas, 1811, _hungarica_ Vásárhelyi, 1942, _minuta_ (Pomel, 1853), _monticola_ (Cavazza, 1908), _nikolskii_ (Smirnov, 1899), _nikolskii_ Semenov, 1899, _occidentalis_ Kratochvíl, 1977, _pusilla_ (Fatio, 1869), _trettaui_ Kleinschmidt, 1937, _vasarhelyii_ Kretzoi, 1942)", "taxonomyNotes": "includes subpalmata and previously included M. aistoodonnivalis; the Chinese and South East Asian forms tonkinensis, formosana, russelliana, and aistoodonnivalis have variously been considered distinct species (either closer to M. nivalis or M. kathiah) or as subspecies or synonyms of M. nivalis; these are all tentatively retained under M. nivalis, with the exception of M. aistoodonnivalis, which was recently recognized as a distinct species closer to M. erminea and these other named forms (tonkinensis and russelliana) may represent this species as well, which would make russelliana the oldest name available, although further research is needed", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Abramov, A.V. 2006. Taxonomic remarks on two poorly known South-east Asian weasels (Mustelidae, _Mustela_). Small Carnivore Conservation 34-35:22-24. a#741|Groves, C.P. 2007. On some weasels _Mustela_ from eastern Asia. Small Carnivore Conservation 37:21-25. a#37718|Lin, L.-K., Motokawa, M. and Harada, M. 2010. A new subspecies of the least weasel _Mustela nivalis_ (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Taiwan. Mammal Study 35(3):191-200. doi:10.3106/041.035.0305|Rodrigues, M., Bos, A.R., Hoath, R., Schembri, P.J., Lymberakis, P., Cento, M., Ghawar, W., Ozkurt, S.O., Santos-Reis, M., Merilä, J. and Fernandes, C. 2016. Taxonomic status and origin of the Egyptian weasel (_Mustela subpalmata_) inferred from mitochondrial DNA. Genetica 144(2):191-202. doi:10.1007/s10709-016-9889-y|Liu, Y.-x., Pu, Y.-t., Chen, S.-d., Wang, X.-m., Murphy, R.W., Wang, X., Liao, R., Tang, K.-y., Yue, B.-s. and Liu, S.-y. 2023. Revalidation and expanded description of _Mustela aistoodonnivalis_ (Mustelidae: Carnivora) based on a multigene phylogeny and morphology. Ecology and Evolution 13(4):e9944. doi:10.1002/ece3.9944" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canada", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Egypt", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Italy", "Japan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Taiwan", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "United States", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "North America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Nearctic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": "USA(AK,GA,IA,IL,IN,KS,MD,MI,MN,MO,MT,NC,ND,NE,NY,OH,PA,SC,SD,TN,VA,WI,WV)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canada", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Egypt", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Italy", "Japan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Taiwan", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "United States", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Mustela nivalis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Mustela nivalis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0056", "mddId": "1005838", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005838", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Mustelidae", "scientificName": "Vormela peregusna", "genus": "Vormela", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "peregusna", "authority": "(von Güldenstädt, 1770)", "faName": "راسوی مرقش", "enName": "Marbled Polecat", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Arctoidea", "parvorder": "Mustelida", "superfamily": null, "family": "Mustelidae", "subfamily": "Ictonychinae", "tribe": "Ictonychini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mustela peregusna", "authorityCitation": "Güldenstädt, J.A. von. 1770. Peregusna, nova mustelae species. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14(1):441-455.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36914342", "nominalNames": [ "peregusna (von Güldenstädt, 1770)", "sarmatica (Pallas, 1771)", "alpherakii Birula, 1910", "koshewnikowi Satunin, 1910", "negans G. S. Miller, 1910", "tedshenika Satunin, 1910", "intermedia Ognev, 1935 [infrasubspecific]", "euxina Pocock, 1936", "ornata Pocock, 1936", "syriaca Pocock, 1936", "obscura Stroganov, 1948", "pallidior Stroganov, 1948", "chinensis Stroganov, 1962" ], "subspecies": "_V. p. koshewnikowi_ Сатунин, 1910 (synonyms: _alpherakii_ Бялыницкий-Бируля, 1910, _chinensis_ Строганов, 1962, _negans_ Miller, 1910, _obscura_ Строганов, 1948, _ornata_ Pocock, 1936, _pallidior_ Строганов, 1948, _syriaca_ Pocock, 1936, _tedshenika_ Сатунин, 1910); _V. p. peregusna_ (Güldenstädt, 1770) (synonyms: _euxina_ Pocock, 1936, _intermedia_ Огнёв, 1935, _sarmatica_ (Pallas, 1771))", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bulgaria", "China", "Egypt", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Romania", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bulgaria", "China", "Egypt", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Romania", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Vormela peregusna", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Vormela peregusna", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0057", "mddId": "1005927", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005927", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Phocidae", "scientificName": "Pusa caspica", "genus": "Pusa", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "caspica", "authority": "(J. F. Gmelin, 1788)", "faName": "فک خزری", "enName": "Caspian Seal", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "EN", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Arctoidea", "parvorder": "Pinnipedia", "superfamily": null, "family": "Phocidae", "subfamily": "Phocinae", "tribe": "Phocini", "subtribe": "Phocina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Phoca vitulina δ. caspica", "authorityCitation": "Gmelin, J.F. 1788-07-25. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig, 500 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25751284", "nominalNames": [ "caspica (J. F. Gmelin, 1788)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "\"in mari, praesertim septentrionali, etiam Pacifico et Caspico [= Caspian Sea].\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Russia", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Russia", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Pusa caspica", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Pusa caspica", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0058", "mddId": "1005935", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005935", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Ursidae", "scientificName": "Ursus arctos", "genus": "Ursus", "subgenus": "Ursus", "specificEpithet": "arctos", "authority": "Linnaeus, 1758", "faName": "خرس قهوه‌ای", "enName": "Brown Bear", "otherCommonNames": [ "Grizzly Bear", "Kodiak Bear" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Arctoidea", "parvorder": "Ursida", "superfamily": null, "family": "Ursidae", "subfamily": "Ursinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Ursus Arctos", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033858", "nominalNames": [ "arctos Linnaeus, 1758", "ursus Boddaert, 1772", "albus J. F. Gmelin, 1788 [preoccupied]", "fuscus J. F. Gmelin, 1788", "niger J. F. Gmelin, 1788", "variegatus J. F. Gmelin, 1788", "griseus Kerr, 1792", "rufus J. Wolf, 1796", "badius von Schrank, 1798", "arctor Treviranus, 1803 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "fuscus Tiedemann, 1808 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "alpinus G. Fischer, 1814", "horribilis Ord, 1815", "ferox Rafinesque, 1817 [nomen nudum]", "priscus Goldfuss, 1818", "argenteus F. S. Voigt, 1819", "arctus Ranzani, 1820 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "major S. Nilsson, 1820", "minor S. Nilsson, 1820", "cinereus A. G. Desmarest, 1821", "ferox A. G. Desmarest, 1821 [not used as valid]", "fossilis Goldfuss, 1821", "candescens C. H. Smith in Griffith, 1822", "griseus Choris, 1822 [preoccupied]", "collaris F. Cuvier in É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & F. Cuvier, 1824 [not published with a generic name]", "pyreniacus J. E. Gray, 1825", "annulatus Billberg, 1827", "argenteus Billberg, 1827 [preoccupied]", "brunneus Billberg, 1827", "collaris I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827", "isabellinus Horsfield, 1827", "myrmephagus Billberg, 1827", "pyrenaicus Lesson, 1827", "formicarius Billberg, 1828 [nomen novum]", "norvegicus J. B. Fischer, 1829", "syriacus Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1829", "falciger Reichenbach, 1836", "richardsoni Swainson, 1838", "cadaverinus Eversmann, 1840 [nomen novum]", "longirostris Eversmann, 1840 [not used as valid", "nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "pyrenaeus C. F. Cuvier, 1842 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "crowtheri H. R. Schinz, 1844", "euryrhinus S. Nilsson, 1847", "beringianus von Middendorff, 1851", "kamtschatica von Middendorff, 1851 [not used as valid]", "meridionalis von Middendorff, 1851", "subfossilis von Middendorff, 1851 [nomen nudum]", "pruinosus E. Blyth, 1853", "aureus Fitzinger, 1855", "norwegicus Fitzinger, 1855 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "piscator Pucheran, 1855", "horriaeus S. F. Baird, 1857", "planifrons Denny, 1864", "eversmanni (J. E. Gray, 1865)", "grandis J. E. Gray, 1865", "horriaceus J. E. Gray, 1865 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "ildgeesdjur J. E. Gray, 1865 [infrasubspecific]", "normalis J. E. Gray, 1865 [nomen novum]", "polonicus J. E. Gray, 1865 [infrasubspecific]", "rossicus J. E. Gray, 1865 [nomen nudum", "infrasubspecific]", "scandinavicus J. E. Gray, 1865 [infrasubspecific]", "sibiricus J. E. Gray, 1865 [infrasubspecific]", "stenorostris J. E. Gray, 1865", "bourguignati Lartet, 1867", "faidherbianus Bourguignat, 1867", "lasiotus J. E. Gray, 1867", "lartetianus Bourguignat, 1868", "letourneuxianus Bourguignat, 1868", "pomelianus Bourguignat, 1868", "rouvieri Bourguignat, 1868", "tarandi O. Fraas, 1872", "leuconyx Severtzov, 1873", "hypernefes Przewalski, 1883 [not used as valid]", "lagomyiarius Przewalski, 1883", "alascensis C. H. Merriam, 1896", "californicus C. H. Merriam, 1896", "dalli C. H. Merriam, 1896", "middendorffi C. H. Merriam, 1896", "sitkensis C. H. Merriam, 1896", "arctus Lydekker, 1897 [unjustified emendation]", "libycus A. Pomel, 1897", "yesoensis Lydekker, 1897", "mandchuricus (Heude, 1898)", "melanarctos Heude, 1898", "procerus G. S. Miller, 1899", "cavifrons (Heude, 1901)", "gyas C. H. Merriam, 1902", "kidderi C. H. Merriam, 1902", "merriami J. A. Allen, 1902", "eulophus C. H. Merriam, 1904", "hylodromus D. G. Elliot, 1904", "kenaiensis C. H. Merriam, 1904", "phaeonyx C. H. Merriam, 1904", "shanorum O. Thomas, 1906", "middendorfi J. R. Ward, 1910 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "prearctos Boule, 1910", "sheldoni C. H. Merriam, 1910", "kadiaki Kleinschmidt, 1911", "lasistanicus Satunin, 1913", "absarokus C. H. Merriam, 1914", "alexandrae C. H. Merriam, 1914", "bairdi C. H. Merriam, 1914", "canadensis C. H. Merriam, 1914", "caurinus C. H. Merriam, 1914", "colusus C. H. Merriam, 1914", "eltonclarki C. H. Merriam, 1914", "henshawi C. H. Merriam, 1914", "imperator C. H. Merriam, 1914", "innuitus C. H. Merriam, 1914", "internationalis C. H. Merriam, 1914", "kennerleyi C. H. Merriam, 1914", "klamathensis C. H. Merriam, 1914", "latifrons C. H. Merriam, 1914", "magister C. H. Merriam, 1914", "navaho C. H. Merriam, 1914", "nelsoni C. H. Merriam, 1914", "nortoni C. H. Merriam, 1914", "orgilos C. H. Merriam, 1914", "pervagor C. H. Merriam, 1914", "russelli C. H. Merriam, 1914", "shirasi C. H. Merriam, 1914", "shoshone C. H. Merriam, 1914", "stikeenensis C. H. Merriam, 1914", "tahltanicus C. H. Merriam, 1914", "texensis C. H. Merriam, 1914", "toklat C. H. Merriam, 1914", "tularensis C. H. Merriam, 1914", "tundrensis C. H. Merriam, 1914", "utahensis C. H. Merriam, 1914", "apache C. H. Merriam, 1916", "arizonae C. H. Merriam, 1916", "chelan C. H. Merriam, 1916", "cressonus C. H. Merriam, 1916", "eximius C. H. Merriam, 1916", "hoots C. H. Merriam, 1916", "insularis C. H. Merriam, 1916", "kluane C. H. Merriam, 1916", "kwakiutl C. H. Merriam, 1916", "mendocinensis C. H. Merriam, 1916", "mirabilis C. H. Merriam, 1916", "neglectus C. H. Merriam, 1916", "nuchek C. H. Merriam, 1916", "ophrus C. H. Merriam, 1916", "pallasi C. H. Merriam, 1916", "selkirki C. H. Merriam, 1916", "townsendi C. H. Merriam, 1916", "warburtoni C. H. Merriam, 1916", "washake C. H. Merriam, 1916", "schmitzi Matschie, 1917", "andersoni C. H. Merriam, 1918", "atnarko C. H. Merriam, 1918", "bisonophagus C. H. Merriam, 1918", "chelidonias C. H. Merriam, 1918", "crassodon C. H. Merriam, 1918", "crassus C. H. Merriam, 1918", "dusorgus C. H. Merriam, 1918", "ereunetes C. H. Merriam, 1918", "idahoensis C. H. Merriam, 1918", "impiger C. H. Merriam, 1918", "inopinatus (C. H. Merriam, 1918)", "macfarlani C. H. Merriam, 1918", "macrodon C. H. Merriam, 1918", "mirus C. H. Merriam, 1918", "orgiloides C. H. Merriam, 1918", "oribasus C. H. Merriam, 1918", "pellyensis C. H. Merriam, 1918", "perturbans C. H. Merriam, 1918", "planiceps C. H. Merriam, 1918", "pulchellus C. H. Merriam, 1918", "rogersi C. H. Merriam, 1918", "rungiusi C. H. Merriam, 1918", "sagittalis C. H. Merriam, 1918", "caucasicus Smirnov, 1919", "dinniki Smirnov, 1919 [infrasubspecific]", "marsicanus Altobello, 1921", "anglicus Gunther, 1923", "magdalenensis Gunther, 1923 [nomen novum]", "nucifragus Lönnberg, 1923", "baikalensis Ognev, 1924", "jeniseensis Ognev, 1924", "kolymensis Ognev, 1924", "pamirensis Ognev, 1924", "bosniensis Bolkay, 1925", "persicus Lönnberg, 1925", "smirnovi Lönnberg, 1925", "suessenbornensis Soergel, 1926", "holzworthi C. H. Merriam, 1929", "faidherbi Arambourg, 1932 [unjustified emendation]", "larteti Arambourg, 1932 [unjustified emendation]", "nemoralis Degerbøl, 1933", "oklahomaensis Stovall & C. S. Johnston, 1935", "taubachensis K. Rode, 1935", "binagadensis Vereshchagin, 1946", "sackdillingensis F. Heller, 1955", "kamiensis Vereshchagin, 1959", "karmalkiensis Vereshchagin, 1959", "jenissensis Stroganov, 1962 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "yeniseensis Heptner, 1967 [variant]", "gobiensis Sokolov & Orlov, 1992", "oklahomensis Czaplewski, Cifelli, & Langston, 1994 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "dolinensis N. García & Arsuaga, 2001" ], "subspecies": "_U. a. alascensis_ Merriam, 1896 (synonyms: _alexandrae_ Merriam, 1914, _cressonus_ Merriam, 1916, _eximius_ Merriam, 1916, _holzworthi_ Merriam, 1929, _innuitus_ Merriam, 1914, _internationalis_ Merriam, 1914, _kenaiensis_ Merriam, 1904, _kidderi_ Merriam, 1902, _nuchek_ Merriam, 1916, _phaeonyx_ Merriam, 1904, _sheldoni_ Merriam, 1910, _toklat_ Merriam, 1914, _tundrensis_ Merriam, 1914); _U. a. arctos_ Linnaeus, 1758 (synonyms: _albus_ Gmelin, 1788, _alpinus_ Fischer, 1814, _annulatus_ Billberg, 1827, _argenteus_ Billberg, 1827, _aureus_ Fitzinger, 1855, _badius_ Schrank, 1798, _bosniensis_ Bolkay, 1925, _brunneus_ Billberg, 1827, _cadaverinus_ Eversmann, 1840, _euryrhinus_ Nilsson, 1847, _eversmanni_ (Gray, 1865), _falciger_ Reichenbach, 1836, _formicarius_ Billberg, 1828, _fuscus_ Gmelin, 1788, _fuscus_ Tiedemann, 1808, _gobiensis_ Соколов & Орлов, 1992, _grandis_ Gray, 1865, _griseus_ Kerr, 1792, _ildgeesdjur_ Gray, 1865, _longirostris_ Eversmann, 1840, _major_ Nilsson, 1820, _marsicanus_ Altobello, 1921, _minor_ Nilsson, 1820, _myrmephagus_ Billberg, 1827, _niger_ Gmelin, 1788, _normalis_ Gray, 1865, _norvegicus_ Fischer, 1829, _polonicus_ Gray, 1865, _pyrenaicus_ Lesson, 1827, _pyreniacus_ Gray, 1825, _rossicus_ Gray, 1865, _rufus_ Wolf, 1796, _scandinavicus_ Gray, 1865, _stenorostris_ Gray, 1865, _ursus_ Boddaert, 1772, _variegatus_ Gmelin, 1788); _U. a. beringianus_ Middendorff, 1851 (synonyms: _kamtschatica_ Middendorff, 1851, _kolymensis_ Огнёв, 1924, _mandchuricus_ (Heude, 1898), _piscator_ Pucheran, 1855); _U. a. binagadensis_ Верещагин, 1946 (fossil); _U. a. californicus_ Merriam, 1896 (synonyms: _colusus_ Merriam, 1914, _henshawi_ Merriam, 1914, _klamathensis_ Merriam, 1914, _magister_ Merriam, 1914, _mendocinensis_ Merriam, 1916, _tularensis_ Merriam, 1914); _U. a. collaris_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827 (synonyms: _jeniseensis_ Огнёв, 1924, _sibiricus_ Gray, 1865); _U. a. crowtheri_ Schinz, 1844; _U. a. dalli_ Merriam, 1896 (synonyms: _nortoni_ Merriam, 1914, _orgiloides_ Merriam, 1918, _townsendi_ Merriam, 1916); _U. a. faidherbianus_ Bourguignat, 1867 (fossil); _U. a. gyas_ Merriam, 1902 (synonyms: _merriami_ Allen, 1902); _U. a. horribilis_ Ord, 1815 (synonyms: _absarokus_ Merriam, 1914, _andersoni_ Merriam, 1918, _apache_ Merriam, 1916, _argenteus_ Voigt, 1819, _arizonae_ Merriam, 1916, _bairdi_ Merriam, 1914, _bisonophagus_ Merriam, 1918, _canadensis_ Merriam, 1914, _candescens_ Smith, 1822, _cinereus_ Desmarest, 1821, _crassus_ Merriam, 1918, _dusorgus_ Merriam, 1918, _ereunetes_ Merriam, 1918, _ferox_ Desmarest, 1821, _griseus_ Choris, 1822, _horriaeus_ Baird, 1857, _hylodromus_ Elliot, 1904, _idahoensis_ Merriam, 1918, _imperator_ Merriam, 1914, _impiger_ Merriam, 1918, _inopinatus_ (Merriam, 1918), _kennerleyi_ Merriam, 1914, _kluane_ Merriam, 1916, _latifrons_ Merriam, 1914, _macfarlani_ Merriam, 1918, _macrodon_ Merriam, 1918, _mirus_ Merriam, 1918, _navaho_ Merriam, 1914, _nelsoni_ Merriam, 1914, _ophrus_ Merriam, 1916, _oribasus_ Merriam, 1918, _pallasi_ Merriam, 1916, _pellyensis_ Merriam, 1918, _perturbans_ Merriam, 1918, _planiceps_ Merriam, 1918, _pulchellus_ Merriam, 1918, _richardsoni_ Swainson, 1838, _rogersi_ Merriam, 1918, _rungiusi_ Merriam, 1918, _russelli_ Merriam, 1914, _sagittalis_ Merriam, 1918, _selkirki_ Merriam, 1916, _shoshone_ Merriam, 1914, _texensis_ Merriam, 1914, _utahensis_ Merriam, 1914, _washake_ Merriam, 1916); _U. a. isabellinus_ Horsfield, 1827 (synonyms: _leuconyx_ Северцов, 1873, _pamirensis_ Огнёв, 1924); _U. a. kamiensis_ Верещагин, 1959 (fossil); _U. a. lartetianus_ Bourguignat, 1868 (fossil; synonyms: _letourneuxianus_ Bourguignat, 1868, _libycus_ Pomel, 1897, _rouvieri_ Bourguignat, 1868); _U. a. lasiotus_ Gray, 1867 (synonyms: _baikalensis_ Огнёв, 1924, _cavifrons_ (Heude, 1901), _ferox_ Temminck, 1843, _melanarctos_ Heude, 1898, _yesoensis_ Lydekker, 1897); _U. a. middendorffi_ Merriam, 1896 (synonyms: _kadiaki_ Kleinschmidt, 1911); _U. a. priscus_ Goldfuss, 1818 (fossil; synonyms: _anglicus_ Gunther, 1923, _bourguignati_ Lartet, 1867, _fossilis_ Goldfuss, 1821, _karmalkiensis_ Верещагин, 1959, _magdalenensis_ Gunther, 1923, _nemoralis_ Degerbøl, 1933, _nucifragus_ Lönnberg, 1923, _planifrons_ Denny, 1864, _pomelianus_ Bourguignat, 1868, _prearctos_ Boule, 1910, _subfossilis_ Middendorff, 1851, _tarandi_ Fraas, 1872); _U. a. pruinosus_ Blyth, 1853 (synonyms: _hypernefes_ Пржевальский, 1883, _lagomyiarius_ Пржевальский, 1883); _U. a. sitkensis_ Merriam, 1896 (synonyms: _caurinus_ Merriam, 1914, _eltonclarki_ Merriam, 1914, _eulophus_ Merriam, 1904, _insularis_ Merriam, 1916, _mirabilis_ Merriam, 1916, _neglectus_ Merriam, 1916, _orgilos_ Merriam, 1914, _shirasi_ Merriam, 1914); _U. a. stikeenensis_ Merriam, 1914 (synonyms: _atnarko_ Merriam, 1918, _chelan_ Merriam, 1916, _chelidonias_ Merriam, 1918, _crassodon_ Merriam, 1918, _hoots_ Merriam, 1916, _kwakiutl_ Merriam, 1916, _pervagor_ Merriam, 1914, _tahltanicus_ Merriam, 1914, _warburtoni_ Merriam, 1916); _U. a. syriacus_ Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1829 (synonyms: _caucasicus_ Smirnov, 1919, _dinniki_ Smirnov, 1919, _lasistanicus_ Сатунин, 1913, _meridionalis_ Middendorff, 1851, _persicus_ Lönnberg, 1925, _schmitzi_ Matschie, 1917, _smirnovi_ Lönnberg, 1925); _U. a. taubachensis_ Rode, 1935 (fossil)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "northern Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canada", "China", "Croatia", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Italy", "Japan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Nepal", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United States", "Uzbekistan", "Austria?", "Bhutan?", "Czech Republic?", "Switzerland?", "Turkmenistan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe", "North America" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Nearctic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": "USA(AK,ID,MT,WA,WY)", "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canada", "China", "Croatia", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Italy", "Japan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Nepal", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United States", "Uzbekistan", "Austria?", "Bhutan?", "Czech Republic?", "Switzerland?", "Turkmenistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Ursus arctos", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Ursus arctos", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0059", "mddId": "1005937", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005937", "phylosort": 25, "order": "Carnivora", "family": "Ursidae", "scientificName": "Ursus thibetanus", "genus": "Ursus", "subgenus": "Selenarctos", "specificEpithet": "thibetanus", "authority": "G. Cuvier, 1823", "faName": "خرس سیاه آسیایی", "enName": "Asian Black Bear", "otherCommonNames": [ "Himalayan Black Bear", "Moon Bear", "White-breasted Bear" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Carnivora", "suborder": "Caniformia", "infraorder": "Arctoidea", "parvorder": "Ursida", "superfamily": null, "family": "Ursidae", "subfamily": "Ursinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Ursus Thibetanus", "authorityCitation": "Cuvier, G. 1823-04-12. Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles. Nouvelle édition. Tome quatrième. G. Dufour et E. d'Ocagne, Paris, 514 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52149894", "nominalNames": [ "thibetanus G. Cuvier, 1823", "tebethianus J. E. Gray, 1825 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "tibetanus H. R. Schinz, 1825 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "tibethianus J. E. Gray, 1825 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "thibeticus E. Blyth, 1840 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "torquatus J. A. Wagner, 1841 [nomen novum]", "tebetanus B. H. Hodgson, 1844 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "japonicus Schlegel, 1857", "formosanus Swinhoe, 1864", "arboreus J. E. Gray, 1865", "mediterraneus Forsyth Major, 1873", "gedrosianus Blanford, 1877", "rexi Matschie, 1897", "leuconyx (Heude, 1901) [preoccupied]", "mupinensis (Heude, 1901)", "ussuricus (Heude, 1901)", "macneili Lydekker, 1909", "macneilli Lydekker, 1909 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "clarki A. de C. Sowerby, 1920 [nomen novum]", "melli (Matschie in Mell, 1922)", "kokeni Matthew & Granger, 1923", "angustidens Zdansky, 1928", "wulsini (A. B. Howell, 1928)", "laniger (Pocock, 1932)", "stehlini (M. Kretzoi, 1941)", "schertzi Dehm, 1943", "telonensis Bonifay, 1971", "karabach Vereshchagin & Tihonov, 1994", "kurteni Crégut-Bonnoure, 1997", "vireti Crégut-Bonnoure, 1997", "permjak Baryshnikov, 2002" ], "subspecies": "_U. t. formosanus_ Swinhoe, 1864 (synonyms: _melli_ (Matschie, 1922)); _U. t. japonicus_ Schlegel, 1857 (synonyms: _rexi_ Matschie, 1897); _U. t. kokeni_ Matthew & Granger, 1923 (fossil; synonyms: _angustidens_ Zdansky, 1928); _U. t. laniger_ (Pocock, 1932) (synonyms: _arboreus_ Gray, 1865); _U. t. mediterraneus_ Forsyth Major, 1873 (fossil; synonyms: _karabach_ Верещагин & Tihonov, 1994, _kurteni_ Crégut-Bonnoure, 1997, _schertzi_ Dehm, 1943, _stehlini_ (Kretzoi, 1941), _telonensis_ Bonifay, 1971, _vireti_ Crégut-Bonnoure, 1997); _U. t. mupinensis_ (Heude, 1901) (synonyms: _clarki_ Sowerby, 1920, _leuconyx_ (Heude, 1901), _macneili_ Lydekker, 1909); _U. t. permjak_ Baryshnikov, 2002 (fossil); _U. t. thibetanus_ Cuvier, 1823 (synonyms: _gedrosianus_ Blanford, 1877, _labiatus_ (Blanford, 1876), _torquatus_ Wagner, 1841); _U. t. ussuricus_ (Heude, 1901) (synonyms: _wulsini_ (Howell, 1928))", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Sylhet region (presently divided between Assam India and Bangladesh).", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "Cambodia", "China", "India", "Iran", "Japan", "Laos", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "North Korea", "Pakistan", "Russia", "South Korea", "Taiwan", "Thailand", "Vietnam" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "Cambodia", "China", "India", "Iran", "Japan", "Laos", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "North Korea", "Pakistan", "Russia", "South Korea", "Taiwan", "Thailand", "Vietnam" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Ursus thibetanus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Ursus thibetanus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0060", "mddId": "1004827", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004827", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Emballonuridae", "scientificName": "Taphozous nudiventris", "genus": "Taphozous", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "nudiventris", "authority": "Cretzschmar, 1830", "faName": "", "enName": "Naked-rumped Tomb Bat", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Emballonuroidea", "family": "Emballonuridae", "subfamily": "Taphozoinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Taphozous nudiventris", "authorityCitation": "Cretzschmar, P.J. 1830. [Heft 18, pl. 27-28]. Pp. 69–73 in Cretzschmar, P.J. 1826-1831. Säugethiere. Pp. 1–78 in Rüppell, E. Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika. Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main, 78+55+24+47+141 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37140684 | https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37140686", "nominalNames": [ "nudiventris Cretzschmar, 1830", "nudiventer J. E. Gray, 1838 [unjustified emendation]", "kachhensis Dobson in Stoliczka, 1872", "serratus (von Heuglin, 1877)", "assabensis Monticelli, 1885", "kachensis Trouessart, 1897 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "magnus Wettstein-Westersheim, 1913", "babylonicus O. Thomas, 1915", "nudaster O. Thomas, 1915", "zayidi D. L. Harrison, 1956" ], "subspecies": "_T. n. kachhensis_ Dobson, 1872; _T. n. magnus_ Wettstein-Westersheim, 1913 (synonyms: _babylonicus_ Thomas, 1915); _T. n. nudaster_ Thomas, 1915; _T. n. nudiventris_ Cretzschmar, 1830 (synonyms: _assabensis_ Monticelli, 1885, _zayidi_ Harrison, 1956)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "SMF:MAMM:4310", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Giza, Egypt.", "latitude": "29.97583333333333", "longitude": "31.13111111111111" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "Burkina Faso", "Cape Verde", "Chad", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "Georgia", "Ghana", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Lebanon", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Somalia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Libya?", "Qatar?", "Tunisia?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "Burkina Faso", "Cape Verde", "Chad", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "Georgia", "Ghana", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Lebanon", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Somalia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Libya?", "Qatar?", "Tunisia?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Taphozous nudiventris", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Taphozous nudiventris", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0061", "mddId": "1004828", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004828", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Emballonuridae", "scientificName": "Taphozous perforatus", "genus": "Taphozous", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "perforatus", "authority": "É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813", "faName": "", "enName": "Egyptian Tomb Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "African Taphozous", "Geoffroy's Tomb Bat", "Lesser Tomb Bat", "Perforated Taphozous Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Emballonuroidea", "family": "Emballonuridae", "subfamily": "Taphozoinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Taphozous perforatus", "authorityCitation": "Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1813-03. Description des mammifères qui se trouvent en Égypte. Pp. 99–144 in Anonymous. 1818. Description de l'Égypte, ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'Armée française, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté l'Empéreur Napoléon le Grand. Histoire naturelle. Tome second. Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, 752 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15953715", "nominalNames": [ "perforatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813", "aegyptiacus Oken, 1816 [placed on index]", "senegalensis Oken, 1816 [placed on index]", "perforatus (G. Fischer, 1817) [nomen nudum]", "myoxus (Muirhead, 1819)", "senegalensis A. G. Desmarest, 1821", "maritimus von Heuglin, 1877", "haedinus O. Thomas, 1915", "sudani O. Thomas, 1915", "swirae D. L. Harrison, 1958", "australis D. L. Harrison, 1962 [preoccupied]", "rhodesiae D. L. Harrison, 1964 [nomen novum]" ], "subspecies": "_T. p. haedinus_ Thomas, 1915; _T. p. perforatus_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813 (synonyms: _aegyptiacus_ Oken, 1816, _maritimus_ Heuglin, 1877, _perforatus_ (Fischer, 1817)); _T. p. senegalensis_ Desmarest, 1821 (synonyms: _myoxus_ (Muirhead, 1819), _swirae_ Harrison, 1958); _T. p. sudani_ Thomas, 1915 (synonyms: _australis_ Harrison, 1962, _rhodesiae_ Harrison, 1964)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-MO-1986-1100 (= MNHN:AGal:372) (= MNHN:type:198)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1986-1100" ], "locality": "Royal Tomb, Kom Ombo, Nile Valley, Egypt.", "latitude": "24.452222222222222", "longitude": "32.92833333333333" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Benin", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Ethiopia", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Guinea-Bissau", "India", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Somalia", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Uganda", "Yemen", "Zimbabwe", "Cote d'Ivoire?", "Eritrea?", "Guinea?", "Namibia?", "Palestine?", "United Arab Emirates?", "Zambia?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Benin", "Botswana", "Burkina Faso", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Ethiopia", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Guinea-Bissau", "India", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Somalia", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Uganda", "Yemen", "Zimbabwe", "Cote d'Ivoire?", "Eritrea?", "Guinea?", "Namibia?", "Palestine?", "United Arab Emirates?", "Zambia?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Taphozous perforatus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Taphozous perforatus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0062", "mddId": "1004559", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004559", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Hipposideridae", "scientificName": "Asellia tridens", "genus": "Asellia", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "tridens", "authority": "(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813)", "faName": "", "enName": "Geoffroy's Trident Roundleaf Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Geoffroy's Trident Bat", "Geoffroy's Trident Leaf-nosed Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Rhinolophoidea", "family": "Hipposideridae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Rhinolophus tridens", "authorityCitation": "Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1813-03. Description des mammifères qui se trouvent en Égypte. Pp. 99–144 in Anonymous. 1818. Description de l'Égypte, ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'Armée française, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté l'Empéreur Napoléon le Grand. Histoire naturelle. Tome second. Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, 752 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15953719", "nominalNames": [ "tridens (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813)", "murraiana (J. Anderson, 1881)", "murrayana (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "diluta Andersen, 1918", "pallida Laurent, 1937", "murriana Tate, 1941 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_A. t. murraiana_ (Anderson, 1881); _A. t. tridens_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813) (synonyms: _diluta_ Andersen, 1918, _pallida_ Laurent, 1937)", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included A. italosomalica", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Benda, P., Vallo, P. and Reiter, A. 2011. Taxonomic revision of the genus _Asellia_ (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with a description of a new species from southern Arabia. Acta Chiropterologica 13(2):245-270. doi:10.3161/150811011X624749" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-MO-1986-1068 (= MNHN:AGal:235) (= MNHN:type:187)", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [ "http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1986-1068" ], "locality": "near Luxor, Egypt.", "latitude": "25.740277777777777", "longitude": "32.60166666666667" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Burkina Faso", "Chad", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "Gambia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Libya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Somalia", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Yemen", "Kuwait?", "Lebanon?", "Qatar?", "United Arab Emirates?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Burkina Faso", "Chad", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "Gambia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Libya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Somalia", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Yemen", "Kuwait?", "Lebanon?", "Qatar?", "United Arab Emirates?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Asellia tridens", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Asellia tridens", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0063", "mddId": "1005130", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005130", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Miniopteridae", "scientificName": "Miniopterus pallidus", "genus": "Miniopterus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "pallidus", "authority": "O. Thomas, 1907", "faName": "", "enName": "Pallid Long-fingered Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Anatolian Bent-winged Bat", "Anatolian Long-fingered Bat", "Ashen Long-fingered Bat", "Pallid Bent-winged Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Miniopteridae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Miniopterus Schreibersi pallidus", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1907-09-01. On mammals from northern Persia, presented to the National Museum by Col. A. C. Bailward. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)20(117):196-202.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26413438", "nominalNames": [ "pallidus O. Thomas, 1907", "pulcher D. L. Harrison, 1956" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from M. schreibersii; moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Bilgin, R., Gürün, K., Maraci, Ö., Furman, A., Hulva, P., Çoraman, E., Lučan, R.K., Bartonička, T. and Horáček, I. 2012. Syntopic occurrence in Turkey supports separate species status for _Miniopterus schreibersii schreibersii_ and _M. schreibersii pallidus_ (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Acta Chiropterologica 14(2):279-289. doi:10.3161/150811012X661611|Miller-Butterworth, C.M., Murphy, W.J., O'Brien, S.J., Jacobs, D.S., Springer, M.S. and Teeling, E.C. 2007. A family matter: Conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, _Miniopterus_. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(7):1553-1561. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm076" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1907.7.14.7", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/72d4a2bf-a6af-4633-961f-210303474c28" ], "locality": "\"South coast of Caspian,\" Iran. Restricted by D. M. Lay in 1967 to \"vicinity of Bandar-i-Gaz,\" Golestan Province, Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Syria", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Syria", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Miniopterus pallidus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0064", "mddId": "1005261", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005261", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Molossidae", "scientificName": "Nyctinomus aegyptiacus", "genus": "Nyctinomus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "aegyptiacus", "authority": "É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813", "faName": "", "enName": "Egyptian Free-tailed Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Egyptian Guano Bat", "Egyptian Nyctinome" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Molossidae", "subfamily": "Molossinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Nyctinomus Ægyptiacus", "authorityCitation": "Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1813-03. Description des mammifères qui se trouvent en Égypte. Pp. 99–144 in Anonymous. 1818. Description de l'Égypte, ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'Armée française, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté l'Empéreur Napoléon le Grand. Histoire naturelle. Tome second. Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, 752 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15953717", "nominalNames": [ "aegyptiacus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813", "aegyptius Ranzani, 1820 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "egyptiacus Horsfield, 1823 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "geoffroyi (Temminck, 1826) [nomen novum]", "tragatus Dobson, 1874", "talpinus (von Heuglin, 1877)", "anchietae de Seabra, 1900", "bocagei de Seabra, 1900", "brunneus de Seabra, 1900", "anchiatae O. Thomas, 1913 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "tongaensis Wettstein-Westersheim, 1916", "gossei (Wroughton, 1919)", "sindicus (Wroughton, 1919)", "thomasi (Wroughton, 1919)" ], "subspecies": "_N. a. aegyptiacus_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813 (synonyms: _brunneus_ Seabra, 1900, _geoffroyi_ (Temminck, 1826), _talpinus_ (Heuglin, 1877), _tongaensis_ Wettstein-Westersheim, 1916); _N. a. bocagei_ Seabra, 1900 (synonyms: _anchietae_ Seabra, 1900); _N. a. sindicus_ (Wroughton, 1919); _N. a. thomasi_ (Wroughton, 1919) (synonyms: _gossei_ (Wroughton, 1919)); _N. a. tragatus_ Dobson, 1874", "taxonomyNotes": "tentatively moved from Tadarida to Nyctinomus, but a more thorough revision of Tadarida is needed as the genus as currently defined is polyphyletic; the name thomasi may represent a distinct species, but is retained under T. aegyptiaca here", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Benda, P., Faizolâhi, K., Andreas, M., Obuch, J., Reiter, A., Ševčík, M., Uhrin, M., Vallo, P. and Ashrafi, S. 2012. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 10. Bat fauna of Iran. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 76:163-582. a#25233" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-MO-1986-1084 (= MNHN:AGal:467) (= MNHN:type:228)", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [ "http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1986-1084" ], "locality": "\"Egypt.\" Restricted by K. F. Koopman in 1975 to \"Giza.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Angola", "Botswana", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Egypt", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "India", "Iran", "Kenya", "Lesotho", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Tanzania", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Mauritania?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Angola", "Botswana", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Egypt", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "India", "Iran", "Kenya", "Lesotho", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Tanzania", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Mauritania?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Tadarida aegyptiaca", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Tadarida aegyptiaca", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0065", "mddId": "1005267", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005267", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Molossidae", "scientificName": "Tadarida teniotis", "genus": "Tadarida", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "teniotis", "authority": "(Rafinesque, 1814)", "faName": "", "enName": "European Free-tailed Bat", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Molossidae", "subfamily": "Molossinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Cephalotes teniotis", "authorityCitation": "Rafinesque, C.S. 1814. Précis des découvertes somiologiques ou zoologiques et botaniques de C.S. Rafinesque. Aux dépens de l'Auteur, Palermo, 55 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5282848", "nominalNames": [ "teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814)", "cestonii (Savi, 1825)", "cestoni (A. G. Desmarest, 1826) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "rueppellii (Temminck, 1826) [as emended]", "ruppelii (Lesson, 1827) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "rueppelii (J. B. Fischer, 1829) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "taeniotis (J. B. Fischer, 1829) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "ruppellii (Lesson, 1836) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "rueppelli (J. E. Gray, 1838) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "savii (H. R. Schinz, 1840) [nomen novum]", "nigrogrisea (Schneider, 1871)", "taeniatus (Weber, 1928) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "cinerea Gubareff, 1941", "rueppellii Qumsiyeh, 1985 [justified emendation]" ], "subspecies": "_T. t. rueppellii_ (Temminck, 1826) (synonyms: _cinerea_ Gubareff, 1941); _T. t. teniotis_ (Rafinesque, 1814) (synonyms: _cestonii_ (Savi, 1825), _midas_ (Schulze, 1897), _nigrogrisea_ (Schneider, 1871), _savii_ (Schinz, 1840))", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Sicily, Italy.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canary Islands", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Egypt", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Malta", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": "Records from India and presumably from elsewhere in the Himalayas are T. insignis.", "notesCitation": "Saikia, U., Chakravarty, R., Csorba, G., Laskar, M.A. and Ruedi, M. 2025. Taxonomic reassessment of bats from the Western Himalayas, India and description of a new species of the _Myotis frater_ complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). Zootaxa 5644(1):1-78. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5644.1.1" }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canary Islands", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Egypt", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Malta", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Tadarida teniotis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Tadarida teniotis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0066", "mddId": "1004539", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004539", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Pteropodidae", "scientificName": "Rousettus aegyptiacus", "genus": "Rousettus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "aegyptiacus", "authority": "(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810)", "faName": "خفاش میوه‌خوار مصری", "enName": "Egyptian Rousette", "otherCommonNames": [ "Egyptian Fruit Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Pteropodoidea", "family": "Pteropodidae", "subfamily": "Epomophorinae", "tribe": "Rousettini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Pteropus Egyptiacus", "authorityCitation": "Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1810. Description des roussettes et des céphalotes, deux nouveaux genres de la famille des chauve-souris. Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle 15:86-108.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3546703", "nominalNames": [ "aegyptiacus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810) [as emended]", "aegyptiacus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813) [justified emendation]", "geoffroyi (Temminck, 1825) [nomen novum]", "leachii (A. Smith, 1829)", "hottentottus (Temminck in Smuts, 1832)", "geoffroyii (Lesson, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "hottentotus (Lesson, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "hottentota (E. Blyth, 1863) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "unicolor (J. E. Gray, 1871)", "arabicus J. Anderson & de Winton, 1902", "leachi Andersen, 1907 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "sjostedti Lönnberg, 1908", "egyptiacus S. S. Flower, 1932 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "syriacus (Stresemann, 1954) [nomen nudum", "not used as valid]", "occidentalis Eisentraut, 1960", "princeps Juste & Ibáñez, 1993", "thomensis Feiler, Haft, & Widmann, 1993 [preoccupied]", "tomensis Juste & Ibáñez, 1993" ], "subspecies": "_R. a. aegyptiacus_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810) (synonyms: _arabicus_ Anderson & de Winton, 1902, _collaris_ (Lichtenstein, 1823), _geoffroyi_ (Temminck, 1825), _syriacus_ (Stresemann, 1954)); _R. a. leachii_ (Smith, 1829) (synonyms: _hottentottus_ (Temminck, 1832), _sjostedti_ Lönnberg, 1908); _R. a. princeps_ Juste & Ibáñez, 1993; _R. a. tomensis_ Juste & Ibáñez, 1993 (synonyms: _thomensis_ Feiler, Haft & Widmann, 1993); _R. a. unicolor_ (Gray, 1871) (synonyms: _occidentalis_ Eisentraut, 1960)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-MO-1996-2119 (= MNHN:AGal:70) (= MNHN:type:167), MNHN-ZM-MO-1996-2120 (= MNHN:AGal:69) (= MNHN:type:167a) (= MNHN \"762A\")", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [ "http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1996-2119", "https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/zm/item/mo-1996-2120" ], "locality": "Giza (Great Pyramid), Egypt.", "latitude": "29.979166666666664", "longitude": "31.134166666666665" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Angola", "Burundi", "Cameroon", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cyprus", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Egypt", "Equatorial Guinea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Guinea", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Lebanon", "Lesotho", "Liberia", "Malawi", "Mozambique", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Republic of the Congo", "Rwanda", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "South Africa", "Sudan", "Syria", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Turkey", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Angola", "Burundi", "Cameroon", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Cyprus", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Egypt", "Equatorial Guinea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Gabon", "Gambia", "Ghana", "Guinea", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Lebanon", "Lesotho", "Liberia", "Malawi", "Mozambique", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Republic of the Congo", "Rwanda", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "South Africa", "Sudan", "Syria", "São Tomé and Príncipe", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Turkey", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rousettus aegyptiacus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rousettus aegyptiacus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0067", "mddId": "1004661", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004661", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "scientificName": "Rhinolophus blasii", "genus": "Rhinolophus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "blasii", "authority": "W. C. H. Peters, 1866", "faName": "", "enName": "Blasius's Horseshoe Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Peak-saddle Horseshoe Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Rhinolophoidea", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Rhinolophus Blasii", "authorityCitation": "Peters, W.C.H. 1866. Über einige neue oder weniger bekannte Flederthiere. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1866:16-25.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39052571", "nominalNames": [ "blasii W. C. H. Peters, 1866", "empusa Andersen, 1904", "andreinii Senna, 1905", "blasiusi Trouessart, 1910 [unjustified emendation]", "brockmani O. Thomas, 1910", "meyeroehmi Felten in Felten, Spitzenberger, & Storch, 1977" ], "subspecies": "_R. b. andreinii_ Senna, 1905 (synonyms: _brockmani_ Thomas, 1910); _R. b. blasii_ Peters, 1866 (synonyms: _clivosus_ Blasius, 1857); _R. b. empusa_ Andersen, 1904; _R. b. meyeroehmi_ Felten, 1977", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MF 4742, SNMBR N 39345, ZMB 557", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "south-eastern Europe. Restricted by J. R. Ellerman and colleagues in 1953 to Italy.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Botswana", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Greece", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Malawi", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "North Macedonia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Romania", "Serbia", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Syria", "Tanzania", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Austria?", "Cameroon?", "Egypt?", "Georgia?", "Italy?", "Libya?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": "Meyo Okono, F.P., Akono Ntonga, P., Grunwald, A.L., Demos, T.C., Essome Nguesse, L., Hurme, E.R., Patterson, B.D. and Eric Moise, B.F. 2026. Diversity and distribution of bats in and around Campo-Ma’an National Park, Cameroon, with an initial acoustic database. Pensoft Publishers. doi:10.3897/arphapreprints.e195471" }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Botswana", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Greece", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Malawi", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "North Macedonia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Romania", "Serbia", "Somalia", "South Africa", "Syria", "Tanzania", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe", "Austria?", "Cameroon?", "Egypt?", "Georgia?", "Italy?", "Libya?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rhinolophus blasii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rhinolophus blasii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0068", "mddId": "1004682", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004682", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "scientificName": "Rhinolophus euryale", "genus": "Rhinolophus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "euryale", "authority": "J. H. Blasius, 1853", "faName": "", "enName": "Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Rhinolophoidea", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Rhinolophus Euryale", "authorityCitation": "Blasius, J.H. 1853. Beschreibung zweier neuer deutscher Fledermausarten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 19(1):35-57.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2415616 | https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2415621", "nominalNames": [ "euryale J. H. Blasius, 1853", "algirus Loche, 1867", "atlanticus (Andersen & Matschie, 1904)", "cabrerae (Andersen & Matschie, 1904)", "toscanus (Andersen & Matschie, 1904)", "nordmanni Satunin, 1912", "praeglacialis Kormos, 1934" ], "subspecies": "_R. e. euryale_ Blasius, 1853 (synonyms: _atlanticus_ (Andersen & Matschie, 1904), _cabrerae_ (Andersen & Matschie, 1904), _nordmanni_ Сатунин, 1912, _toscanus_ (Andersen & Matschie, 1904)); _R. e. praeglacialis_ Kormos, 1934 (fossil)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Milan, Italy.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Cyprus?", "Turkmenistan?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Cyprus?", "Turkmenistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rhinolophus euryale", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rhinolophus euryale", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0069", "mddId": "1004684", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004684", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "scientificName": "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum", "genus": "Rhinolophus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "ferrumequinum", "authority": "(von Schreber, 1774)", "faName": "خفاش نعل‌اسبی بزرگ", "enName": "Greater Horseshoe Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Larger Horseshoe Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Rhinolophoidea", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio ferrum-equinum", "authorityCitation": "Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774. pl. 62. P. pl. 62 in Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774-1855. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Walther, Erlangen.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31060128", "nominalNames": [ "ferrumequinum (von Schreber, 1774)", "equinus (P. L. S. Müller, 1776)", "solea (E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1777) [placed on index]", "perspicillatus (Blumenbach, 1779) [preoccupied]", "solea (E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1783) [nomen nudum]", "ungulus (Boddaert, 1785)", "major (Kerr, 1792) [preoccupied]", "hippocrepis (von Schrank, 1798) [nomen novum]", "ferumequinum (Bechstein, 1801) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "major É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 [preoccupied]", "unihastatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813", "unifer Kaup, 1829 [nomen nudum]", "libanoticus Temminck, 1835 [nomen nudum", "not used as valid]", "germanicus C. Koch, 1863", "italicus C. Koch, 1863", "rufescens Fitzinger, 1870 [nomen nudum]", "conchifer W. C. H. Peters, 1871 [nomen nudum", "not used as valid]", "homorodalmasiensis Daday, 1885 [nomen nudum]", "homodorensis Daday, 1887 [nomen novum]", "homorodensis Trouessart, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "obscurus Cabrera, 1904", "proximus Andersen, 1905", "typicus Andersen, 1905 [nomen novum]", "insulanus Barrett-Hamilton, 1910", "colchicus Satunin, 1912", "irani Cheesman, 1921", "martinoi B. Petrov, 1941", "rubiginosus Gubareff, 1941", "mellali Lavocat, 1961", "topali M. Kretzoi, 1977", "creticum J. Iliopoulou-Georgudaki, 1979 [nomen nudum]", "tarkoensis Topál, 1979", "antiquis M. Kretzoi in Jánossy, 1986 [nomen nudum]", "creticus J. Iliopoulou-Georgudaki & Ondrias, 1986" ], "subspecies": "_R. f. creticus_ Iliopoulou-Georgudaki & Ondrias, 1986; _R. f. ferrumequinum_ (Schreber, 1774) (synonyms: _colchicus_ Сатунин, 1912, _conchifer_ Peters, 1871, _equinus_ (Müller, 1776), _germanicus_ Koch, 1863, _hippocrepis_ (Schrank, 1798), _homodorensis_ Daday, 1887, _homorodalmasiensis_ Daday, 1885, _insulanus_ Barrett-Hamilton, 1910, _italicus_ Koch, 1863, _libanoticus_ Temminck, 1835, _major_ (Kerr, 1792), _major_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803, _martinoi_ Petrov, 1941, _obscurus_ Cabrera, 1904, _perspicillatus_ (Blumenbach, 1779), _rufescens_ Fitzinger, 1870, _solea_ (Zimmermann, 1777), _solea_ (Zimmermann, 1783), _typicus_ Andersen, 1905, _ungulus_ (Boddaert, 1785), _unifer_ Kaup, 1829, _unihastatus_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813); _R. f. irani_ Cheesman, 1921 (synonyms: _rubiginosus_ Gubareff, 1941); _R. f. mellali_ Lavocat, 1961 (fossil); _R. f. proximus_ Andersen, 1905; _R. f. tarkoensis_ Topál, 1979 (fossil); _R. f. topali_ Kretzoi, 1977 (fossil)", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included R. nippon", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Ohdachi, S. D. I, Ishibashi, Y., Iwasa, M. A., & Saitoh, Takashi (2009). The Wild Mammals of Japan, Shoukadoh, Kyoto.|Koh, H.S., Jo, J.E., Oh, J.G., Kweon, G.H., Ahn, N.H., Sin, W.H. and Sin, D.S. 2014. Little genetic divergence of the greater horseshoe bat _Rhinolophus ferrumequinum_ from far-eastern Asia, with a preliminary report on genetic differentiation of _R. ferrumequinum_ from Eurasia and northern Africa examined from cytochrome _b_ sequences. Russian Journal of Theriology 13(2):97-103. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.13.2.05|Ikeda, Y., Jiang, T.-l., Oh, H., Csorba, G. and Motokawa, M. 2020. Geographic variations of skull morphology in the _Rhinolophus ferrumequinum_ species complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Zoologischer Anzeiger 288:125-138. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2020.08.004" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "France.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Liechtenstein", "Luxembourg", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Malta?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Liechtenstein", "Luxembourg", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Malta?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0070", "mddId": "1004693", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004693", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "scientificName": "Rhinolophus hipposideros", "genus": "Rhinolophus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "hipposideros", "authority": "(André, 1797)", "faName": "", "enName": "Lesser Horseshoe Bat", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Rhinolophoidea", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Noctilio Hipposideros", "authorityCitation": "André, C.K. 1797-04-19. Der Zoologe, oder Compendiöse Bibliothek des Wissenswürdigsten aus der Thiergeschichte und allgemeinen Naturkunde. Heft V–VIII. Johann Jacob Gebauer, Eisenach, 416 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://books.google.com/books?id=7XJkAAAAcAAJ", "nominalNames": [ "minor (Kerr, 1792) [preoccupied]", "hipposideros (André, 1797)", "minor É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 [preoccupied]", "minutus (G. Montagu, 1808)", "bihastatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813", "alpinus G. Fischer, 1814", "bifer H. R. Schinz, 1821", "bifer Kaup, 1829 [nomen nudum]", "minimus von Heuglin, 1861", "alpinus C. Koch, 1863 [preoccupied]", "pallidus C. Koch, 1863", "typus C. Koch, 1863", "eggenhoeffner Fitzinger, 1870 [not used as valid]", "kisnyiresiensis Daday, 1885", "trogophilus Daday, 1887 [nomen novum]", "helveticus Bretscher, 1904", "phasma Cabrera, 1904", "troglophilus Trouessart, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "typicus Andersen, 1905 [nomen novum]", "escalerae Andersen, 1918", "majori Andersen, 1918", "anomalus Söderlund, 1921", "intermedius Söderlund, 1921", "vespa Laurent, 1937", "intermedius Laurent, 1943 [preoccupied]", "moravicus Kostroň, 1943", "billanjani DeBlase, 1972 [unpublished thesis]", "billanyani Simmons, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": "_R. h. hipposideros_ (André, 1797) (synonyms: _alpinus_ Fischer, 1814, _alpinus_ Koch, 1863, _anomalus_ Söderlund, 1921, _bifer_ Kaup, 1829, _bifer_ Schinz, 1821, _bihastatus_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813, _eggenhoeffner_ Fitzinger, 1870, _escalerae_ Andersen, 1918, _helveticus_ Bretscher, 1904, _intermedius_ Laurent, 1943, _intermedius_ Söderlund, 1921, _kisnyiresiensis_ Daday, 1885, _majori_ Andersen, 1918, _minor_ (Kerr, 1792), _minor_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803, _minutus_ (Montagu, 1808), _moravicus_ Kostroň, 1943, _pallidus_ Koch, 1863, _phasma_ Cabrera, 1904, _trogophilus_ Daday, 1887, _typicus_ Andersen, 1905, _typus_ Koch, 1863, _vespa_ Laurent, 1937); _R. h. minimus_ Heuglin, 1861 (synonyms: _billanjani_ DeBlase, 1972)", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included R. midas; the authority for this species is often cited as either Bechstein, 1799, 1800, or 1801 or Borkhausen 1797, but it was recently shown to originate from André, 1797, which predates Bechstein, 1797", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Benda, P., Uvizl, M., Vallo, P., Reiter, A. and Uhrin, M. 2023. A revision of the _Rhinolophus hipposideros_ group (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) with definition of an additional species from the Middle East. Acta Chiropterologica 24(2):269-298. doi:10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.2.001|Benda, P. and Mlíkovský, J. 2022. Nomenclatural notes on the lesser horseshoe bat, _Rhinolophus hipposideros_ (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series 191(1):5-14. doi:10.37520/jnmpnhs.2022.002" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "Germany.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Luxembourg", "Malta", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sudan", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Luxembourg", "Malta", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sudan", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rhinolophus hipposideros", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rhinolophus hipposideros", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0071", "mddId": "1004713", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004713", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "scientificName": "Rhinolophus mehelyi", "genus": "Rhinolophus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "mehelyi", "authority": "Matschie, 1901", "faName": "", "enName": "Mehely's Horseshoe Bat", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Rhinolophoidea", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Rhinolophus (Euryalus) mehelyi", "authorityCitation": "Matschie, P. 1901. Über rumänische Säugethiere. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1901:220-238.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8798633", "nominalNames": [ "mehelyi Matschie, 1901", "barbarus (Andersen & Matschie, 1904)", "carpetanus Cabrera, 1904", "judaicus (Andersen & Matschie, 1904)", "meridionalis (Andersen & Matschie, 1904)", "tuneti Deleuil & Labbé, 1955", "birzebbugensis Storch, 1974", "tunetae Koopman, 1994 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "scythotauricus Lopatin, 2023" ], "subspecies": "_R. m. birzebbugensis_ Storch, 1974 (fossil); _R. m. judaicus_ (Andersen & Matschie, 1904); _R. m. mehelyi_ Matschie, 1901 (synonyms: _barbarus_ (Andersen & Matschie, 1904), _carpetanus_ Cabrera, 1904, _meridionalis_ (Andersen & Matschie, 1904), _tuneti_ Deleuil & Labbé, 1955); _R. m. scythotauricus_ Лопатин, 2023 (fossil)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Bukarest [= Bucharest],\" Romania.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bulgaria", "Cyprus", "Egypt", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Libya", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Spain", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Afghanistan?", "France?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bulgaria", "Cyprus", "Egypt", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Libya", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Spain", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Afghanistan?", "France?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rhinolophus mehelyi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rhinolophus mehelyi", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0072", "mddId": "1006733", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006733", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "scientificName": "Rhinolophus midas", "genus": "Rhinolophus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "midas", "authority": "Andersen, 1905", "faName": "", "enName": "Gulf of Oman Horseshoe Bat", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Rhinolophoidea", "family": "Rhinolophidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Rhinolophus midas", "authorityCitation": "Andersen, K.C. 1905-10-07. On some bats of the genus _Rhinolophus_, with remarks on their mutual affinities, and descriptions of twenty-six new forms. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1905-II(1):75-145.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31207599", "nominalNames": [ "midas Andersen, 1905" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from R. hipposideros", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Benda, P., Uvizl, M., Vallo, P., Reiter, A. and Uhrin, M. 2023. A revision of the _Rhinolophus hipposideros_ group (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) with definition of an additional species from the Middle East. Acta Chiropterologica 24(2):269-298. doi:10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.2.001" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1894.11.16.1", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/572491d0-58aa-437f-ad4f-c4b514da4571" ], "locality": "Jask, Hormozgan Province, Iran.", "latitude": "25.666666666666668", "longitude": "57.81666666666667" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Oman" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Oman" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0073", "mddId": "1004769", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004769", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Rhinonycteridae", "scientificName": "Triaenops persicus", "genus": "Triaenops", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "persicus", "authority": "Dobson, 1871", "faName": "", "enName": "Persian Trident Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Rufous Trident Bat", "Triple Nose-leaf Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Rhinolophoidea", "family": "Rhinonycteridae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Triænops persicus", "authorityCitation": "Dobson, G.E. 1871. On a new genus and species of Rhinolophidae, with description of a new species of _Vesperus_, and notes on some other species of insectivorous bats from Persia. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40(4):455-461.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35631339", "nominalNames": [ "persicus Dobson, 1871", "humbloti A. Milne-Edwards, 1881", "rufus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881", "macdonaldi D. L. Harrison, 1956", "humbolti Simmons, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "previously included T. afer and includes the names rufus and humbloti (populations of which are now known under the replacement name T. menamena); moved from Hipposideridae to Rhinonycteridae", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Goodman, S.M. and Ranivo, J. 2009. The geographical origin of the type specimens of _Triaenops rufus_ and _T. humbloti_ (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) reputed to be from Madagascar and the description of a replacement species name. Mammalia 73(1):47-55. doi:10.1515/MAMM.2009.011|Benda, P. and Vallo, P. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the genus _Triaenops_ (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zoologica 58(Monograph 1):1-45. a#2151|Foley, N.M., Thong, V.D., Soisook, P., Goodman, S.M., Armstrong, K.N., Jacobs, D.S., Puechmaille, S.J. and Teeling, E.C. 2015. How and why overcome the impediments to resolution: lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32(2):313-333. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu329" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1876.3.10.3, ZMB 4370, ZSI 15589, ZSI 15590", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/356217bc-98dd-44b9-99a1-d10a0fd0641a" ], "locality": "\"at an elevation of about 4750 feet [= 1448 m] near Shiraz in Persia [= Iran].\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Kenya", "Oman", "Pakistan", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Kenya", "Oman", "Pakistan", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Triaenops persicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Triaenops persicus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0074", "mddId": "1004772", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004772", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Rhinopomatidae", "scientificName": "Rhinopoma hardwickii", "genus": "Rhinopoma", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "hardwickii", "authority": "J. E. Gray, 1831", "faName": "", "enName": "Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Hardwicke's Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat", "Lesser Rat-tailed Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Rhinolophoidea", "family": "Rhinopomatidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Rhinopoma Hardwickii", "authorityCitation": "Gray, J.E. 1831. Descriptions of some new genera and species of bats. Zoological Miscellany 1:37-38.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49831381", "nominalNames": [ "hardwickii J. E. Gray, 1831", "hardwickei E. Blyth, 1853 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "sondaicum Van Cakenberghe & De Vree, 1994", "persicum Benda, Reiter, Uhrin, Vallo, & Uvizl, 2026" ], "subspecies": "_R. h. hardwickii_ Gray, 1831; _R. h. persicum_ Benda, Reiter, Uhrin, Vallo & Uvizl, 2026; _R. h. sondaicum_ Van Cakenberghe & De Vree, 1994", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included R. cystops", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Hulva, P., Horáček, I. and Benda, P. 2007. Molecules, morphometrics and new fossils provide an integrated view of the evolutionary history of Rhinopomatidae (Mammalia: Chiroptera). BMC Evolutionary Biology 7(165):1-15. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-165" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1e", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/1149f360-32db-4041-95e3-ee9e4fde2d2e" ], "locality": "\"Bengal,\" India.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Pakistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Pakistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rhinopoma hardwickii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rhinopoma hardwickii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0075", "mddId": "1004774", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004774", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Rhinopomatidae", "scientificName": "Rhinopoma microphyllum", "genus": "Rhinopoma", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "microphyllum", "authority": "(Brünnich, 1782)", "faName": "", "enName": "Greater Mouse-tailed Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Larger Rat-tailed Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Rhinolophoidea", "family": "Rhinopomatidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio Microphyllus", "authorityCitation": "Brünnich, M.T. 1782. Dyrenes Historie og Dyre-Samlingen udi Universitets Natur-Theater. Forste Bind. Nicolaus Moller, Copenhagen, 76 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://books.google.com/books?id=dMlWuAAACAAJ", "nominalNames": [ "microphyllum (Brünnich, 1782)", "filum (G. Fischer, 1817) [nomen nudum]", "mycrophyllum H. R. Schinz, 1821 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "lepsianum W. C. H. Peters, 1859", "macrophyllum A. Murray, 1866 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "microphilla Loche, 1867 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "cordofanicum von Heuglin, 1877", "sumatrae O. Thomas, 1903", "kinneari Wroughton, 1912", "kinneri Garg, 1955 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "tropicale Kock, 1969", "harrisoni Schlitter & DeBlase, 1975", "asirense Nader & Kock, 1983", "kineari Bhatnagar & Parveen, 1985 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "hadithaense Khajuria, 1988" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMUC TS101", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Arabia and Egypt. Restricted by K. F. Koopman in 1975 to \"Giza, Egypt.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Benin", "Burkina Faso", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "Ghana", "Guinea", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Liberia", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "Sudan", "Syria", "Togo", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Bangladesh?", "Indonesia?", "Libya?", "Myanmar?", "Thailand?", "Tunisia?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Benin", "Burkina Faso", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "Ghana", "Guinea", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Liberia", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Nigeria", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Sierra Leone", "Sudan", "Syria", "Togo", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Bangladesh?", "Indonesia?", "Libya?", "Myanmar?", "Thailand?", "Tunisia?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rhinopoma microphyllum", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rhinopoma microphyllum", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0076", "mddId": "1004775", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004775", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Rhinopomatidae", "scientificName": "Rhinopoma muscatellum", "genus": "Rhinopoma", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "muscatellum", "authority": "O. Thomas, 1903", "faName": "", "enName": "Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Small Mouse-tailed Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yinpterochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Rhinolophoidea", "family": "Rhinopomatidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Rhinopoma muscatellum", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1903-05-01. On the species of the genus _Rhinopoma_. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)11(65):496-499.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19368049", "nominalNames": [ "muscatellum O. Thomas, 1903", "seianum O. Thomas, 1913", "pusillum O. Thomas, 1920" ], "subspecies": "_R. m. muscatellum_ Thomas, 1903 (synonyms: _pusillum_ Thomas, 1920); _R. m. seianum_ Thomas, 1913", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1894.3.9.17", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/ad001f44-8b66-4cfb-930e-89f5714d4263" ], "locality": "\"Wadi Bani Ruha,\" Muscat, Arabia (Oman).", "latitude": "23.566666666666666", "longitude": "58.6" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Oman", "Pakistan", "United Arab Emirates", "India?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Oman", "Pakistan", "United Arab Emirates", "India?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rhinopoma muscatellum", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rhinopoma muscatellum", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0077", "mddId": "1005649", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005649", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Barbastella barbastellus", "genus": "Barbastella", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "barbastellus", "authority": "(von Schreber, 1774)", "faName": "", "enName": "Western Barbastelle", "otherCommonNames": [ "Barbastelle" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Plecotini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio barbastellus", "authorityCitation": "Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774. pl. 55. P. pl. 55 in Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774-1855. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Walther, Erlangen.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31060104", "nominalNames": [ "barbastellus (von Schreber, 1774)", "barbastelle (P. L. S. Müller, 1776)", "barbastella (Boddaert, 1785) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "cinerea S.D.W., 1836 [nomen novum]", "daubentonii T. Bell, 1836", "communis Bonaparte, 1837 [nomen novum]", "communis J. E. Gray, 1838 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "daubentoni Bonaparte, 1845 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "barbarstellus S. S. Flower, 1932 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "barbastrellus Benazzou, 1998 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "guanchae D. Trujillo, Ibáñez, & Juste, 2002" ], "subspecies": "_B. b. barbastellus_ (Schreber, 1774) (synonyms: _barbastelle_ (Müller, 1776), _cinerea_ S.D.W., 1836, _communis_ Bonaparte, 1837, _communis_ Gray, 1838, _daubentonii_ Bell, 1836); _B. b. guanchae_ Trujillo, Ibáñez & Juste, 2002", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "Burgundy, France.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canary Islands", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Ireland", "Italy", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Belgium?", "Norway?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": "Chiş, T.V. and Manole, M.G. 2004. The presence of _Myotis mystacinus_ (Kuhl, 1818), _Nyctalus noctula_ (Schreber, 1774) and _Barbastella barbastellus_ (Schreber, 1774) species (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Maramureş Depression (Romania). Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle \"Grigore Antipa\" 47:311-314. a#72937" }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canary Islands", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Ireland", "Italy", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Belgium?", "Norway?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Barbastella barbastellus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Barbastella barbastellus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0078", "mddId": "1005651", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005651", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Barbastella caspica", "genus": "Barbastella", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "caspica", "authority": "Satunin, 1908", "faName": "", "enName": "Caspian Barbastelle", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Plecotini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Barbastella barbastella caspica", "authorityCitation": "Satunin, K.A. 1908. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Säugetierfauna Kaukasiens und Transkaspiens. Mitteilungen des Kaukasischen Museums 4:41-119.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58466461 | https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58466522", "nominalNames": [ "caspica Satunin, 1908", "walteri V. Bianchi, 1917" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from B. darjelingensis, which was previously included under B. leucomelas", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Zhang, J.-s., Han, N.-j., Jones, G., Lin, L.-K., Zhang, J.-p., Zhu, G.-j., Huang, D.-w. and Zhang, S.-y. 2007. A new species of _Barbastella_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from North China. Journal of Mammalogy 88(6):1393-1403. doi:10.1644/07-MAMM-A-114R2.1|Kruskop, S.V. 2015. Dark and pale: taxonomic status of the barbastelle (_Barbastella_: Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) from Central Asia. Acta Chiropterologica 17(1):49-57. doi:10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.1.004|Wang, Z.-y. and Abduriyim, S. 2025. _Barbastella caspica_ (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in China: first record and complete mitochondrial genome. ZooKeys 1228:115-126. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1228.137496" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "GNMT 2A (= \"25-07\")", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "Hacıqabul district, Azerbaijan.", "latitude": "40.333333333333336", "longitude": "48.833333333333336" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "Iran", "Kyrgyzstan", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "Iran", "Kyrgyzstan", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Barbastella caspica", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0079", "mddId": "1005511", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005511", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Cnephaeus anatolicus", "genus": "Cnephaeus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "anatolicus", "authority": "(Felten, 1971)", "faName": "", "enName": "Anatolian Serotine", "otherCommonNames": [ "Anatolian Serotine Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Nycticeiini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Eptesicus anatolicus", "authorityCitation": "Felten, H. 1971-12-23. Eine neue Art der Fledermaus-Gattung _Eptesicus_ aus Kleinasien (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 52(6):371-376.", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "anatolicus (Felten, 1971)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from E. bottae; moved from Eptesicus to Cnephaeus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Juste, J., Benda, P., García-Mudarra, J.L. and Ibáñez, C. 2013. Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genus _Eptesicus_, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach. Zoologica Scripta 42(5):441-457. doi:10.1111/zsc.12020|Cláudio, V.C., Novaes, R.L.M., Gardner, A.L., Nogueira, M.R., Wilson, D.E., Maldonado, J.E., Oliveira, J.A. de and Moratelli, R. 2023. Taxonomic re-evaluation of New World _Eptesicus_ and _Histiotus_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new genus. Zoologia (Curitiba) 40:e22029. doi:10.1590/S1984-4689.v40.e22029" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "SMF:MAMM:36478", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Alanya, Antalya, Turkey.", "latitude": "36.543668", "longitude": "32.001939" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Cyprus", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Lebanon", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Cyprus", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Lebanon", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Eptesicus anatolicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0080", "mddId": "1005513", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005513", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Cnephaeus bottae", "genus": "Cnephaeus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "bottae", "authority": "(W. C. H. Peters, 1869)", "faName": "", "enName": "Botta's Serotine", "otherCommonNames": [ "Botta's Serotine Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Nycticeiini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vesperus Bottae", "authorityCitation": "Peters, W.C.H. 1869. Bemerkungen über neue oder weniger bekannte Flederthiere, besonders des Pariser Museums. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1869:393-408.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36276619", "nominalNames": [ "bottae (W. C. H. Peters, 1869)", "innesi (Lataste, 1887)", "hingstoni (O. Thomas, 1919)", "omanensis (D. L. Harrison, 1976)", "taftanimontis (de Roguin, 1988)" ], "subspecies": "_C. b. bottae_ (Peters, 1869); _C. b. hingstoni_ (Thomas, 1919); _C. b. innesi_ (Lataste, 1887); _C. b. omanensis_ (Harrison, 1976); _C. b. taftanimontis_ (Roguin, 1988)", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included E. anatolicus and E. ognevi, which have all been included under E. serotinus in some publications; moved from Eptesicus to Cnephaeus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Juste, J., Benda, P., García-Mudarra, J.L. and Ibáñez, C. 2013. Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genus _Eptesicus_, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach. Zoologica Scripta 42(5):441-457. doi:10.1111/zsc.12020|Cláudio, V.C., Novaes, R.L.M., Gardner, A.L., Nogueira, M.R., Wilson, D.E., Maldonado, J.E., Oliveira, J.A. de and Moratelli, R. 2023. Taxonomic re-evaluation of New World _Eptesicus_ and _Histiotus_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new genus. Zoologia (Curitiba) 40:e22029. doi:10.1590/S1984-4689.v40.e22029" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-MO-1987-297 (= MNHN:type:212)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1987-297" ], "locality": "\"Arabien.\" Restricted by I. A. Nader and D. Kock in 1990 to the area between Hodeida, Hays, Ta'izz and Al Mukha, south-western Yemen.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Oman", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Djibouti?", "Eritrea?", "Somalia?", "Sudan?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Oman", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Djibouti?", "Eritrea?", "Somalia?", "Sudan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Eptesicus bottae", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Eptesicus bottae", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0081", "mddId": "1005520", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005520", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Cnephaeus gobiensis", "genus": "Cnephaeus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "gobiensis", "authority": "(Bobrinski, 1926)", "faName": "", "enName": "Gobi Serotine", "otherCommonNames": [ "Gobi Big Brown Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Nycticeiini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Eptesicus nilssoni gobiensis", "authorityCitation": "Bobrinski, N.A. 1926. Пледварительное сообщение о летучих мышах (Chiroptepa) из Центральной Азии. Доклады Академии наук СССР (A)1926:95-98.", "authorityLink": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/pur1.32754078987090?urlappend=%3Bseq%3D267%3Bownerid%3D119098859-252", "nominalNames": [ "centrasiaticus (Bobrinski, 1926)", "gobiensis (Bobrinski, 1926)", "kashgaricus (Bobrinski, 1926)", "bobrinskoi (Kuzyakin, 1935)", "bobrinskii (Van Cakenberghe, Herrel, & Aguirre, 2002) [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_C. g. bobrinskoi_ (Кузякин, 1935); _C. g. centrasiaticus_ (Бобринский, 1926); _C. g. gobiensis_ (Бобринский, 1926); _C. g. kashgaricus_ (Бобринский, 1926)", "taxonomyNotes": "includes bobrinskoi; moved from Eptesicus to Cnephaeus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Artyushin, I.V., Lebedev, V.S., Smirnov, D.G. and Kruskop, S.V. 2012. Taxonomic position of the Bobrinski's serotine (_Eptesicus bobrinskoi_, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Acta Chiropterologica 14(2):291-303. doi:10.3161/150811012X661620|Cláudio, V.C., Novaes, R.L.M., Gardner, A.L., Nogueira, M.R., Wilson, D.E., Maldonado, J.E., Oliveira, J.A. de and Moratelli, R. 2023. Taxonomic re-evaluation of New World _Eptesicus_ and _Histiotus_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new genus. Zoologia (Curitiba) 40:e22029. doi:10.1590/S1984-4689.v40.e22029" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZIN S. 2135", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Burchastei-tala, Gobi Altai Mountains, Mongolia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "India", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Pakistan", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Nepal?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "India", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Pakistan", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Nepal?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Eptesicus gobiensis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Eptesicus gobiensis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0082", "mddId": "1005526", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005526", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Cnephaeus nilssonii", "genus": "Cnephaeus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "nilssonii", "authority": "(von Keyserling & J. H. Blasius, 1839)", "faName": "", "enName": "Northern Serotine", "otherCommonNames": [ "Northern Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Nycticeiini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vesperugo Nilssonii", "authorityCitation": "Keyserling, A. von and Blasius, J.H. 1839. Uebersicht der Gattungs- und Artcharaktere der europäischen Fledermäuse. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 1839(1):293-331.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24904226", "nominalNames": [ "borealis (Nilsson, 1838) [preoccupied]", "kuhlii (Nilsson, 1838) [preoccupied]", "nilssonii (von Keyserling & J. H. Blasius, 1839)", "nilsonii (Lesson, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "nilsoni (Eversmann, 1856) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "atratus (F. A. Kolenati, 1858)", "propinquus (W. C. H. Peters, 1872)", "nilssoni (G. S. Miller, 1897) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "parvus (Kishida, 1932)", "kuhli (Simmons, 2005) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "varangus (Lopatin, 2023)" ], "subspecies": "_C. n. nilssonii_ (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) (synonyms: _atratus_ (Kolenati, 1858), _borealis_ (Nilsson, 1838), _kuhlii_ (Nilsson, 1838), _propinquus_ (Peters, 1872)); _C. n. parvus_ (Kishida, 1932); _C. n. varangus_ (Лопатин, 2023) (fossil)", "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Eptesicus to Cnephaeus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Cláudio, V.C., Novaes, R.L.M., Gardner, A.L., Nogueira, M.R., Wilson, D.E., Maldonado, J.E., Oliveira, J.A. de and Moratelli, R. 2023. Taxonomic re-evaluation of New World _Eptesicus_ and _Histiotus_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new genus. Zoologia (Curitiba) 40:e22029. doi:10.1590/S1984-4689.v40.e22029" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "China", "Czech Republic", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Japan", "Kazakhstan", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Mongolia", "North Korea", "Norway", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Ukraine", "Kyrgyzstan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "China", "Czech Republic", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Japan", "Kazakhstan", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Mongolia", "North Korea", "Norway", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "South Korea", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Ukraine", "Kyrgyzstan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Eptesicus nilssonii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Eptesicus nilssonii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0083", "mddId": "1005527", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005527", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Cnephaeus ognevi", "genus": "Cnephaeus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "ognevi", "authority": "(Bobrinski, 1918)", "faName": "", "enName": "Ognev's Serotine", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Nycticeiini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Eptesicus ognevi", "authorityCitation": "Bobrinski, N.A. 1918. Заметки о летучих мышах, добытых в Бухарском ханстве. Материалы к познанию природы Российской Империи 15:1-22.", "authorityLink": "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/pdf/bobrinskoi1915.pdf", "nominalNames": [ "ognevi (Bobrinski, 1918)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from E. bottae; moved from Eptesicus to Cnephaeus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Juste, J., Benda, P., García-Mudarra, J.L. and Ibáñez, C. 2013. Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genus _Eptesicus_, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach. Zoologica Scripta 42(5):441-457. doi:10.1111/zsc.12020|Cláudio, V.C., Novaes, R.L.M., Gardner, A.L., Nogueira, M.R., Wilson, D.E., Maldonado, J.E., Oliveira, J.A. de and Moratelli, R. 2023. Taxonomic re-evaluation of New World _Eptesicus_ and _Histiotus_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new genus. Zoologia (Curitiba) 40:e22029. doi:10.1590/S1984-4689.v40.e22029" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMMU S-96374", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/list_record.php?id=S-96374" ], "locality": "Bokhara district, Soviet Turkestan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "India", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Pakistan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "India", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Pakistan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Eptesicus ognevi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0084", "mddId": "1005528", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005528", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Cnephaeus pachyomus", "genus": "Cnephaeus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "pachyomus", "authority": "(Tomes, 1857)", "faName": "", "enName": "Oriental Serotine", "otherCommonNames": [ "Mouse-like Serotine", "Thick-muzzled Serotine" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Nycticeiini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Scotophilus pachyomus", "authorityCitation": "Tomes, R.F. 1857-07-14. Descriptions of four undescribed species of bats. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1857(1):50-54.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32451157", "nominalNames": [ "pachyomus (Tomes, 1857)", "pachyonyx (E. Blyth, 1863) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pachomus (A. Murray, 1866) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pachyonix (A. Murray, 1866) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "andersoni (Dobson, 1871)", "andersonii (Trouessart, 1878) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "gabonensis (Trouessart, 1897)", "pallens (G. S. Miller, 1911)", "horikawai (Kishida, 1924)", "brachydigitus (Mori, 1928)", "pallidus (Bobrinski, 1929) [variant", "preoccupied]", "brachydigituas (Kishida & Mori, 1931) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pallans (Pen Hungshou, Kao Yüehting, Lu Changkwun, Feng Tsochien, & Chen Chinghsiung, 1962) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pashtonus (Gaisler, 1970)", "tibetanus (Gaisler, 1970) [conditional]", "pashtomus (J. Edwards Hill & D. L. Harrison, 1987) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "anderssoni (Koopman, 1994) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "variety or form]", "horikawae (Koopman, 1994) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "brachydigitatus (Simmons, 2005) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": "_C. p. andersoni_ (Dobson, 1871); _C. p. horikawai_ (Kishida, 1924); _C. p. pachyomus_ (Tomes, 1857); _C. p. pallens_ (Miller, 1911) (synonyms: _brachydigitus_ (Mori, 1928)); _C. p. pashtonus_ (Gaisler, 1970)", "taxonomyNotes": "split from E. serotinus; moved from Eptesicus to Cnephaeus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Juste, J., Benda, P., García-Mudarra, J.L. and Ibáñez, C. 2013. Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genus _Eptesicus_, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach. Zoologica Scripta 42(5):441-457. doi:10.1111/zsc.12020|Cláudio, V.C., Novaes, R.L.M., Gardner, A.L., Nogueira, M.R., Wilson, D.E., Maldonado, J.E., Oliveira, J.A. de and Moratelli, R. 2023. Taxonomic re-evaluation of New World _Eptesicus_ and _Histiotus_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new genus. Zoologia (Curitiba) 40:e22029. doi:10.1590/S1984-4689.v40.e22029|Gorban, A.A., Lebedev, V.S., Bannikova, A.A., Yuzefovich, A.P., Undrakhbayar, E. and Kruskop, S.V. 2026. Taxonomy and distribution of the large serotines (_Eptesicus serotinus_ sensu lato, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) in Mongolia. Russian Journal of Theriology 25(1):1-8. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.25.1.01" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1848.8.18.7", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/eddf7dce-b50e-4d6b-aed7-9695a06cd09a" ], "locality": "Rajputana, India.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Bhutan", "Cambodia", "China", "India", "Iran", "Laos", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "North Korea", "Pakistan", "South Korea", "Taiwan", "Thailand", "Vietnam" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": "Mongolian populations previously attributed to C. pachyomus are C. serotinus", "notesCitation": "Gorban, A.A., Lebedev, V.S., Bannikova, A.A., Yuzefovich, A.P., Undrakhbayar, E. and Kruskop, S.V. 2026. Taxonomy and distribution of the large serotines (_Eptesicus serotinus_ sensu lato, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) in Mongolia. Russian Journal of Theriology 25(1):1-8. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.25.1.01" }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Bhutan", "Cambodia", "China", "India", "Iran", "Laos", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "North Korea", "Pakistan", "South Korea", "Taiwan", "Thailand", "Vietnam" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Eptesicus pachyomus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0085", "mddId": "1005531", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005531", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Cnephaeus serotinus", "genus": "Cnephaeus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "serotinus", "authority": "(von Schreber, 1774)", "faName": "", "enName": "Eurasian Serotine", "otherCommonNames": [ "Big Brown Bat", "Common Serotine Bat", "European Serotine Bat", "Silky Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Nycticeiini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio serotinus", "authorityCitation": "Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774. pl. 53. P. pl. 53 in Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774-1855. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Walther, Erlangen.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31060100", "nominalNames": [ "serotinus (von Schreber, 1774)", "serotine (P. L. S. Müller, 1776)", "okenii (Brehm, 1827)", "wiedii (Brehm, 1827)", "turcomanus (Eversmann, 1840)", "incisivus (Crespon, 1844)", "mirza (De Filippi, 1863)", "pallidus (C. Koch, 1863)", "rufescens (C. Koch, 1863)", "typus (C. Koch, 1863)", "shiraziensis (Dobson, 1871)", "albescens (Karelin, 1875) [nomen nudum]", "transylvanus (Daday, 1885)", "insularis (Cabrera, 1904)", "isabellinus (Cabrera, 1904) [preoccupied]", "sodalis (Barrett-Hamilton, 1910)", "intermedius (Ognev, 1927)", "kormosi (Brunner, 1958)", "internedius (Borisenko, Vasil'yeva, Verigina, Dunayev, Kalyakin, Koblik, Kruskop, Orlova, Pavlinov, Red'kin, Sazonov, Spasskaya, & Tomkovich, 2001) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "shirazensis (Simmons, 2005) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "transsylvanus (Simmons, 2005) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "lobatus (Zagorodnyuk, 2009)", "anatolicus (Karataş, 2019) [preoccupied]" ], "subspecies": "_C. s. serotinus_ (Schreber, 1774) (synonyms: _anatolicus_ (Karataş, 2019), _incisivus_ (Crespon, 1844), _insularis_ (Cabrera, 1904), _intermedius_ (Огнёв, 1927), _kormosi_ (Brunner, 1958), _lobatus_ (Загороднюк, 2009), _mirza_ (De Filippi, 1863), _okenii_ (Brehm, 1827), _rufescens_ (Koch, 1863), _serotine_ (Müller, 1776), _sodalis_ (Barrett-Hamilton, 1910), _transylvanus_ (Daday, 1885), _typus_ (Koch, 1863), _wiedii_ (Brehm, 1827)); _C. s. shiraziensis_ (Dobson, 1871); _C. s. turcomanus_ (Eversmann, 1840) (synonyms: _albescens_ (Karelin, 1875), _pallidus_ (Koch, 1863))", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included E. pachyomus and E. isabellinus; may include E. kobayashii, but the species is tentatively retained here; the species also includes the recently described lobatus, which was described for populations from Ukraine to the Caucasus; these populations likely represent either the taxon turcomanus or mirza, which may be distinct species in their own right (either two distinct species, or a single species including both names); the taxonomic status of the eastern portion of the distribution of E. serotinus has yet to be determined; moved from Eptesicus to Cnephaeus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Zagorodnyuk, І.V. 2009. Morphology of post-calcarial lobe in bats and its variation in _Eptesicus \"serotinus_\" (Mammalia). Visnyk of Lviv University, Biology Series 51:157-175. a#1894|Juste, J., Benda, P., García-Mudarra, J.L. and Ibáñez, C. 2013. Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genus _Eptesicus_, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach. Zoologica Scripta 42(5):441-457. doi:10.1111/zsc.12020|Zagorodniuk, I., & Kandaurov, A. Biogeography of the serotine bat Eptesicus lobatus: a hypothesis on Caucasian roots based on morphological data. Novitates Theriologicae, 9, 96-104.|Cláudio, V.C., Novaes, R.L.M., Gardner, A.L., Nogueira, M.R., Wilson, D.E., Maldonado, J.E., Oliveira, J.A. de and Moratelli, R. 2023. Taxonomic re-evaluation of New World _Eptesicus_ and _Histiotus_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new genus. Zoologia (Curitiba) 40:e22029. doi:10.1590/S1984-4689.v40.e22029|Gorban, A.A., Lebedev, V.S., Bannikova, A.A., Yuzefovich, A.P., Undrakhbayar, E. and Kruskop, S.V. 2026. Taxonomy and distribution of the large serotines (_Eptesicus serotinus_ sensu lato, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) in Mongolia. Russian Journal of Theriology 25(1):1-8. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.25.1.01" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "France.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Israel", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": "Mongolian populations previously attributed to C. pachyomus are C. serotinus", "notesCitation": "Gorban, A.A., Lebedev, V.S., Bannikova, A.A., Yuzefovich, A.P., Undrakhbayar, E. and Kruskop, S.V. 2026. Taxonomy and distribution of the large serotines (_Eptesicus serotinus_ sensu lato, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) in Mongolia. Russian Journal of Theriology 25(1):1-8. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.25.1.01" }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Israel", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Eptesicus serotinus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Eptesicus serotinus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0086", "mddId": "1005714", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005714", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Hypsugo arabicus", "genus": "Hypsugo", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "arabicus", "authority": "(D. L. Harrison, 1979)", "faName": "", "enName": "Arabian Pipistrelle", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Vespertilionini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Pipistrellus arabicus", "authorityCitation": "Harrison, D.L. 1979. A new species of pipistrelle bat (_Pipistrellus_: Vespertilionidae) from Oman, Arabia. Mammalia 43(4):573-576.", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "arabicus (D. L. Harrison, 1979)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1980.393", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/2d97a599-a1a4-4399-8108-abb36f83b441" ], "locality": "Wadi Sahtan (23°22'N, 57°18'E), Oman.", "latitude": "23.36667", "longitude": "57.3" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Oman" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Oman" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Hypsugo arabicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Hypsugo arabicus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0087", "mddId": "1005727", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005727", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Hypsugo savii", "genus": "Hypsugo", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "savii", "authority": "(Bonaparte, 1837)", "faName": "", "enName": "Savi's Pipistrelle", "otherCommonNames": [ "Stubbe's Pipistrelle" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Vespertilionini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio Savii", "authorityCitation": "Bonaparte, C.-L. 1837. Fasc. XX. P. unnumbered in Bonaparte, C.-L. 1832-1841. Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati. Salviucci, Rome, unnumbered pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46985660", "nominalNames": [ "aristippe (Bonaparte, 1837)", "leucippe (Bonaparte, 1837)", "savii (Bonaparte, 1837)", "bonapartii (Savi, 1838)", "nigrans (Crespon, 1844)", "maurus (J. H. Blasius, 1853)", "darwini (Tomes, 1859)", "darwinii (A. Murray, 1866) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "austenianus (Dobson, 1871)", "agilis (Fatio, 1872) [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "caucasicus (Satunin, 1901)", "ochromixtus (Cabrera, 1904)", "tamerlani (Bobrinski, 1918)", "pallescens (Bobrinski, 1926)", "tauricus (Ognev, 1927)", "bonapartei Simmons, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "stubbei Dolch, Batsaikhan, A. Stubbe, & Steinhauser, 2021" ], "subspecies": "_H. s. austenianus_ (Dobson, 1871); _H. s. caucasicus_ (Сатунин, 1901) (synonyms: _pallescens_ (Бобринский, 1926), _tamerlani_ (Бобринский, 1918), _tauricus_ (Огнёв, 1927)); _H. s. ochromixtus_ (Cabrera, 1904); _H. s. savii_ (Bonaparte, 1837) (synonyms: _agilis_ (Fatio, 1872), _aristippe_ (Bonaparte, 1837), _bonapartii_ (Savi, 1838), _darwini_ (Tomes, 1859), _leucippe_ (Bonaparte, 1837), _maurus_ (Blasius, 1853), _nigrans_ (Crespon, 1844)); _H. s. stubbei_ Dolch, Batsaikhan, Stubbe & Steinhauser, 2021", "taxonomyNotes": "tentatively includes the recently described stubbei as a subspecies, although H. savii likely represents a species complex", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Dolch, D., Batsaikhan, N., Stubbe, A. and Steinhauser, D. 2021. _Hypsugo stubbei_ sp. nov., a novel cryptic bat species of the genus _Hypsugo_ (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera, Mammalia) from Mongolia. Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei 14:187-206. a#59305|Gojznikar, J. and Mayer, F. 2024. Mitochondrial DNA reveals the impact of Pleistocene glaciations on a widespread palearctic bat species. Mammalian Biology (in press). doi:10.1007/s42991-024-00449-9" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1907.1.1.732", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/b3053b9e-194a-4d9c-ada2-ce563a4e40b3" ], "locality": "Pisa, Italy.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canary Islands", "Cape Verde", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "France", "Georgia", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan", "Armenia?", "North Macedonia?", "United Kingdom?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canary Islands", "Cape Verde", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "France", "Georgia", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan", "Armenia?", "North Macedonia?", "United Kingdom?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Hypsugo savii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Hypsugo savii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0088", "mddId": "1005375", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005375", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Myotis bechsteinii", "genus": "Myotis", "subgenus": "Myotis", "specificEpithet": "bechsteinii", "authority": "(Kuhl, 1817)", "faName": "", "enName": "Bechstein's Myotis", "otherCommonNames": [ "Bechstein's Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Myotinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio Bechsteinii", "authorityCitation": "Kuhl, H. 1817. Die deutschen Fledermäuse. None, Hanau, 67 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-91692", "nominalNames": [ "bechsteinii (Kuhl, 1817)", "beschsteinii (A. G. Desmarest, 1819) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "bechsteini Bonaparte, 1845 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "beschteinii (P. Gervais, 1849) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "ghidinii (Fatio, 1902)", "favonicus O. Thomas, 1906", "robustus Topál, 1963", "intermedius Rybář, 1976" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMB 6308", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "Hanau, Hessen, Germany.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Liechtenstein", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Kosovo?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Liechtenstein", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Kosovo?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Myotis bechsteinii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Myotis bechsteinii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0089", "mddId": "1005376", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005376", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Myotis blythii", "genus": "Myotis", "subgenus": "Myotis", "specificEpithet": "blythii", "authority": "(Tomes, 1857)", "faName": "", "enName": "Lesser Myotis", "otherCommonNames": [ "Lesser Mouse-eared Bat", "Lesser Mouse-eared Myotis" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Myotinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio Blythii", "authorityCitation": "Tomes, R.F. 1857-07-14. Descriptions of four undescribed species of bats. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1857(1):50-54.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32451160", "nominalNames": [ "blythii (Tomes, 1857)", "murinoides (Dobson, 1873) [preoccupied]", "africanus (Dobson, 1875) [preoccupied]", "dobsonii (Trouessart, 1878) [nomen novum]", "oxygnathus (Monticelli, 1885)", "blythi Trouessart, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "dobsoni Trouessart, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "omari O. Thomas, 1906", "ancilla O. Thomas, 1910", "risorius Cheesman, 1921", "lesviacus J. G. Iliopoulou-Georgudaki, 1984", "biythi Benazzou, 1998 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "longicaninus V. V. Popov, 2004" ], "subspecies": "_M. b. ancilla_ Thomas, 1910; _M. b. blythii_ (Tomes, 1857) (synonyms: _africanus_ (Dobson, 1875), _dobsonii_ (Trouessart, 1878), _murinoides_ (Dobson, 1873)); _M. b. lesviacus_ Iliopoulou-Georgudaki, 1984; _M. b. longicaninus_ Popov, 2004 (fossil); _M. b. omari_ Thomas, 1906 (synonyms: _risorius_ Cheesman, 1921); _M. b. oxygnathus_ (Monticelli, 1885)", "taxonomyNotes": "includes oxygnathus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Furman, A., Çoraman, E., Çelik, Y.E., Postawa, T., Bachanek, J. and Ruedi, M. 2014. Cytonuclear discordance and the species status of _Myotis myotis_ and _Myotis blythii_ (Chiroptera). Zoologica Scripta 43(6):549-561. doi:10.1111/zsc.12076|Chen, K.-h., Wang, X.-y., Huang, Z.-f., Mo, Y.-z., Wu, Y., Hu, Y.-b., Yue, Y. and Yu, W.-h. 2026. Resolving taxonomic uncertainty in Chinese _Myotis_ through molecular and morphometric integration in the Eastern Region of China (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Vertebrate Zoology 76:187-206. doi:10.3897/vz.76.e182515" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1849.8.16.22", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/4432a427-8333-4f3d-961a-6cc3ccd17212" ], "locality": "\"India, Nassenabad.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Nepal", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Nepal", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Myotis blythii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Myotis blythii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0090", "mddId": "1005384", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005384", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Myotis capaccinii", "genus": "Myotis", "subgenus": "Myotis", "specificEpithet": "capaccinii", "authority": "(Bonaparte, 1837)", "faName": "", "enName": "Long-fingered Myotis", "otherCommonNames": [ "Long-fingered Bat", "Long-fringed Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Myotinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio Capaccinii", "authorityCitation": "Bonaparte, C.-L. 1837. Fasc. XX. P. unnumbered in Bonaparte, C.-L. 1832-1841. Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati. Salviucci, Rome, unnumbered pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46985648", "nominalNames": [ "capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837)", "capaccini (J. E. Gray, 1838) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "megapodius (Temminck, 1840)", "dasypus (de Sélys-Longchamps, 1841)", "cappacini (Lesson, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "megapodus (Lesson, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pellucens (Crespon, 1844)", "blasii (Kolenati, 1860)", "blasii (Forsyth Major, 1877) [preoccupied]", "majori (Ninni, 1878) [nomen novum]", "bureschi (Heinrich, 1936)", "abidinbudaki Karataş, 2019" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1907.1.1.734", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/bc02c9c9-3bcb-4878-8ab7-be15739e11b5" ], "locality": "Sicily, Italy.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "France", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Romania", "Serbia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "France", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Romania", "Serbia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Myotis capaccinii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Myotis capaccinii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0091", "mddId": "1005396", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005396", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Myotis davidii", "genus": "Myotis", "subgenus": "Myotis", "specificEpithet": "davidii", "authority": "(W. C. H. Peters, 1869)", "faName": "", "enName": "David's Myotis", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Myotinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio Davidii", "authorityCitation": "Peters, W.C.H. 1869. Bemerkungen über neue oder weniger bekannte Flederthiere, besonders des Pariser Museums. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1869:393-408.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36276615", "nominalNames": [ "davidii (W. C. H. Peters, 1869)", "davidi (A. David, 1871) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "przewalskii Bobrinski, 1926", "transcaspicus Ognev & Heptner, 1928", "sogdianus Kuzyakin, 1934", "aurascens Kuzyakin, 1935", "pamirensis Kuzyakin, 1935", "bulgaricus Heinrich, 1936", "hajastanicus Argyropulo, 1939", "popovi Strelkov, 1983", "mongolicus Kruskop & Borisenko, 1996", "caucasicus K. A. Tsytsulina in Benda & K. A. Tsytsulina, 2000", "przewalski A. T. Smith & Xie Yan, 2008 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_M. d. davidii_ (Peters, 1869) (synonyms: _mongolicus_ Крускоп & Борисенко, 1996, _przewalskii_ Бобринский, 1926); _M. d. transcaspicus_ Огнёв & Гептнер, 1928 (synonyms: _aurascens_ Кузякин, 1935, _bulgaricus_ Heinrich, 1936, _caucasicus_ Tsytsulina, 2000, _hajastanicus_ Аргиропуло, 1939, _pamirensis_ Кузякин, 1935, _popovi_ Стрелков, 1983, _sogdianus_ Кузякин, 1934)", "taxonomyNotes": "includes aurascens and hajastanicus and has been considered to included M. nipalensis, but this species was recently recognized as distinct; aurascens and davidii are tentatively considered synonyms here, although some recent authors have suggested that this arrangement is premature; given the the uncertainty surrounding the taxonomy of this group, aurascens and davidii are still considered conspecific here following the trends in recent literature, although further research is certainly needed", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mayer, F., Dietz, C. and Kiefer, A. 2007. Molecular species identification boosts bat diversity. Frontiers in Zoology 4(4):1-5. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-4-4|Dietz, C., Gazaryan, A., Papov, G., Dundarova, H. and Mayer, F. 2016. _Myotis hajastanicus_ is a local vicariant of a widespread species rather than a critically endangered endemic of the Sevan lake basin (Armenia). Mammalian Biology 81(5):518-522. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2016.06.005|Benda, P., Abi Said, M.R., Bou Jaoude, I., Karanouh, R., Lučan, R.K., Sadek, R., Ševčík, M., Uhrin, M. and Horáček, I. 2016. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 13. Review of distribution and ectoparasites of bats in Lebanon. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 80:207-316. a#34271|Ruedi, M., Saikia, U., Thabah, A., Görföl, T., Thapa, S. and Csorba, G. 2021. Molecular and morphological revision of small Myotinae from the Himalayas shed new light on the poorly known genus _Submyotodon_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Mammalian Biology 101(4):465-480. doi:10.1007/s42991-020-00081-3|Dzeverin, I. 2023. Synonymisation of _Myotis aurascens_ with _M. davidii_ (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) is premature. Zoodiversity 57(1):19-28. doi:10.15407/zoo2023.01.019|Liu, T., Jia, J.-c., Liu, L.-y., Wang, J., Chen, W.-j., Miao, G.-y., Niu, Y.-l., Guo, W., Zhang, K.-k., Sun, K.-p., Yu, W.-h., Zhou, J. and Feng, J. 2023. New insights into the taxonomy of _Myotis_ bats in China based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny. Diversity 15(7):805. doi:10.3390/d15070805|Wang, Z.-y., Chai, G.-H. and Abduriyim, S. 2025. Morphometric and bioacoustic profiling of _Myotis_ cf. _davidii_/_aurascens_ (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in East Asia: evidence for a range extension and elevational record. ZooKeys 1262:191-201. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1262.151139|Chen, K.-h., Wang, X.-y., Huang, Z.-f., Mo, Y.-z., Wu, Y., Hu, Y.-b., Yue, Y. and Yu, W.-h. 2026. Resolving taxonomic uncertainty in Chinese _Myotis_ through molecular and morphometric integration in the Eastern Region of China (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Vertebrate Zoology 76:187-206. doi:10.3897/vz.76.e182515" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-MO-1987-296 (= MNHN:type:204)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1987-296" ], "locality": "\"Peking (China).\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Romania", "Russia", "South Korea", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Romania", "Russia", "South Korea", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Myotis davidii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Myotis davidii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0092", "mddId": "1005402", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005402", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Myotis emarginatus", "genus": "Myotis", "subgenus": "Chrysopteron", "specificEpithet": "emarginatus", "authority": "(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806)", "faName": "", "enName": "Geoffroy's Myotis", "otherCommonNames": [ "Geoffroy's Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Myotinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio emarginatus", "authorityCitation": "Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1806. Mémoire sur le genre et les espèces de Vespertilion, l'un des genres de la famille des chauve-souris. Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle 8:187-205.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29407868", "nominalNames": [ "emarginatus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806)", "rufescens (Crespon, 1844) [preoccupied]", "ciliatus (J. H. Blasius, 1853)", "schrankii (Kolenati, 1856) [nomen nudum", "preoccupied]", "desertorum (Dobson in Blanford, 1875)", "budapestiensis Margó, 1880", "neglectus (Fatio, 1890)", "lanaceus Wroughton, 1920 [unjustified emendation]", "lanceus O. Thomas, 1920", "turcomanicus Bobrinski, 1925", "saturatus Kuzyakin, 1934 [preoccupied]", "kuzyakini Rossolimo & Pavlinov, 1979 [nomen novum]" ], "subspecies": "_M. e. desertorum_ (Dobson, 1875) (synonyms: _kuzyakini_ Россолимо & Павлинов, 1979, _lanceus_ Thomas, 1920, _saturatus_ Кузякин, 1934, _turcomanicus_ Бобринский, 1925); _M. e. emarginatus_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806) (synonyms: _budapestiensis_ Margó, 1880, _ciliatus_ (Blasius, 1853), _neglectus_ (Fatio, 1890), _rufescens_ (Crespon, 1844), _schrankii_ (Kolenati, 1856))", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MNHN-ZM-AC-A6953, MNHN-ZM-MO-1997-1819 (= MNHN:type:202) (= MNHN \"819\")", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [ "http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1997-1819" ], "locality": "\"les souterrains des fortifications de Charlemont [= tunnels in the Fort of Charlemont],\" Givet, Ardennes, northern France.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Myotis emarginatus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Myotis emarginatus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0093", "mddId": "1005419", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005419", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Myotis hyrcanicus", "genus": "Myotis", "subgenus": "Myotis", "specificEpithet": "hyrcanicus", "authority": "Benda, Reiter, & Vallo in Benda, Faizolâhi, Andreas, Obuch, Reiter, Ševčík, Uhrin, Vallo, & Ashrafi, 2012", "faName": "", "enName": "Hyrcanian Myotis", "otherCommonNames": [ "Hyrcanian Bat", "Hyrcanian Forest Myotis" ], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Myotinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Myotis hyrcanicus", "authorityCitation": "Benda, P., Faizolâhi, K., Andreas, M., Obuch, J., Reiter, A., Ševčík, M., Uhrin, M., Vallo, P. and Ashrafi, S. 2012. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 10. Bat fauna of Iran. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 76:163-582.", "authorityLink": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269107037_Bats_Mammalia_Chiroptera_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_Part_10_Bat_fauna_of_Iran", "nominalNames": [ "hyrcanicus Benda, Reiter, & Vallo in Benda, Faizolâhi, Andreas, Obuch, Reiter, Ševčík, Uhrin, Vallo, & Ashrafi, 2012" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "recently described", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Benda, P., Faizolâhi, K., Andreas, M., Obuch, J., Reiter, A., Ševčík, M., Uhrin, M., Vallo, P. and Ashrafi, S. 2012. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 10. Bat fauna of Iran. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 76:163-582. a#25233" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "NMPr 90857", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Alluvial forest at Korud Abad, 2 km SSE of Ali Abad, Golestan Province, Iran; 36° 53' N, 54° 53' E, 215 m a. s. l.\"", "latitude": "36.88333", "longitude": "54.88333" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Myotis hyrcanicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0094", "mddId": "1005467", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005467", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Myotis schaubi", "genus": "Myotis", "subgenus": "Myotis", "specificEpithet": "schaubi", "authority": "Kormos, 1934", "faName": "", "enName": "Schaub's Myotis", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Myotinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Myotis Schaubi", "authorityCitation": "Kormos, T. 1934. Neue Insektenfresser, Fledermäuse und Nager aus dem Oberpliozän der Villányer Gegend. Földtani Közlöny 64(10-12):296-321.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50722525", "nominalNames": [ "schaubi Kormos, 1934", "araxenus Dahl, 1947", "kretzoii Topál, 1981" ], "subspecies": "_M. s. araxenus_ Dahl, 1947 (synonyms: _kretzoii_ Topál, 1981); _M. s. schaubi_ Kormos, 1934 (fossil)", "taxonomyNotes": "includes the name araxenus, which has been considered by some authors as a distinct species", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Çoraman, E., Dietz, C., Hempel, E., Ghazaryan, A., Levin, E., Presetnik, P., Zagmajster, M. and Mayer, F. 2019. Reticulate evolutionary history of a western Palaearctic bat complex explained by multiple mtDNA introgressions in secondary contacts. Journal of Biogeography 46(2):343-354. doi:10.1111/jbi.13509|Kruskop, S.V. and Solovyeva, E.N. 2021. Validating the relationships: which species of _Myotis \"nattereri_\" group (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) actually inhabits the Caucasus. Mammalia 85(1):90-99. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2019-0146" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "HNHM V.61.1416", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Hungary (Pliocene).", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Iran", "Azerbaijan?", "Turkey?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Iran", "Azerbaijan?", "Turkey?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Myotis schaubi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Myotis schaubi", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0095", "mddId": "1005480", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005480", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Myotis tschuliensis", "genus": "Myotis", "subgenus": "Myotis", "specificEpithet": "tschuliensis", "authority": "Kuzyakin, 1935", "faName": "", "enName": "Tschuli Myotis", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Myotinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Myotis nattereri tschuliensis", "authorityCitation": "Kuzyakin, A.P. 1935. Новые данные по систематике и географическому распространению летучих мышей (Chiroptera) в СССР. Бюллетень Московского общества испытателей природы (Отдел биологический)44(7):429-438.", "authorityLink": "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/pdf/kuzyakin35.pdf", "nominalNames": [ "tschuliensis Kuzyakin, 1935" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from M. nattereri", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Çoraman, E., Dietz, C., Hempel, E., Ghazaryan, A., Levin, E., Presetnik, P., Zagmajster, M. and Mayer, F. 2019. Reticulate evolutionary history of a western Palaearctic bat complex explained by multiple mtDNA introgressions in secondary contacts. Journal of Biogeography 46(2):343-354. doi:10.1111/jbi.13509|Kruskop, S.V. and Solovyeva, E.N. 2021. Validating the relationships: which species of _Myotis \"nattereri_\" group (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) actually inhabits the Caucasus. Mammalia 85(1):90-99. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2019-0146|Uvizl, M. and Benda, P. 2021. Diversity and distribution of the _Myotis nattereri_ complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Middle East: filling the gaps. Mammalian Biology 101(6):963-977. doi:10.1007/s42991-021-00143-0" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMMU S-29216", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/list_record.php?id=S-29216" ], "locality": "Kopet Dag, Turkmenistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Russia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Russia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0096", "mddId": "1005604", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005604", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Nyctalus lasiopterus", "genus": "Nyctalus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "lasiopterus", "authority": "(von Schreber in E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1780)", "faName": "", "enName": "Greater Noctule", "otherCommonNames": [ "Giant Noctule", "Greater Noctule Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Pipistrellini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio lasiopterus", "authorityCitation": "Zimmermann, E.A.W. von. 1780. Geographische Geschichte des Menschen, und der vierfüßigen Thiere. Zweiter Band. Weygandsche Buchhandlung, Leipzig, 432 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de/receive/dbbs_mods_00021827", "nominalNames": [ "lasiopterus (von Schreber in E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1780)", "laseopterus (J. F. Gmelin, 1788) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "ferrugineus (Brehm, 1827)", "siculus (Minà-Palumbo, 1868) [preoccupied]", "maximus (Fatio, 1869)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "?Pisa (uncertain), northern Italy.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Libya", "Morocco", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "Algeria?", "Czech Republic?", "Germany?", "Moldova?", "North Macedonia?", "Turkmenistan?", "Uzbekistan?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Libya", "Morocco", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "Algeria?", "Czech Republic?", "Germany?", "Moldova?", "North Macedonia?", "Turkmenistan?", "Uzbekistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Nyctalus lasiopterus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Nyctalus lasiopterus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0097", "mddId": "1005605", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005605", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Nyctalus leisleri", "genus": "Nyctalus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "leisleri", "authority": "(Kuhl, 1817)", "faName": "", "enName": "Leisler's Noctule", "otherCommonNames": [ "Leisler's Bat", "Lesser Noctule" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Pipistrellini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio Leisleri", "authorityCitation": "Kuhl, H. 1817. Die deutschen Fledermäuse. None, Hanau, 67 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-91692", "nominalNames": [ "dasykarpos (Kuhl, 1817) [not used as valid", "nomen novum]", "leisleri (Kuhl, 1817)", "dasycarpus (A. G. Desmarest, 1819)", "verrucosus Bowdich, 1825", "lesleria (S.D.W., 1836) [unjustified emendation]", "pachygnathus (Michahelles in J. A. Wagner, 1839)", "leislerii (Temminck, 1840) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "madeirae (Barrett-Hamilton, 1906)" ], "subspecies": "_N. l. leisleri_ (Kuhl, 1817) (synonyms: _dasycarpus_ (Desmarest, 1819), _dasykarpos_ (Kuhl, 1817), _pachygnathus_ (Michahelles, 1839)); _N. l. verrucosus_ Bowdich, 1825 (synonyms: _madeirae_ (Barrett-Hamilton, 1906))", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMB 471, ZMB 472", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "Hanau, Hessen, Germany.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canary Islands", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Ireland", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Madeira", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "China?", "Kazakhstan?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Canary Islands", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Ireland", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Madeira", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "China?", "Kazakhstan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Nyctalus leisleri", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Nyctalus leisleri", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0098", "mddId": "1005607", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005607", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Nyctalus noctula", "genus": "Nyctalus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "noctula", "authority": "(von Schreber, 1774)", "faName": "", "enName": "Common Noctule", "otherCommonNames": [ "Noctule", "Noctule Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Pipistrellini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio noctula", "authorityCitation": "Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774. pl. 52. P. pl. 52 in Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774-1855. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Walther, Erlangen.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31060098", "nominalNames": [ "noctula (von Schreber, 1774)", "lardarius (P. L. S. Müller, 1776)", "altivolans (G. White, 1789)", "magnus (J. Berkenhout, 1789)", "major (Leach, 1816) [nomen nudum]", "proterus (Kuhl, 1817) [nomen novum]", "rufescens (A. E. Brehm, 1829)", "labiatus (B. H. Hodgson, 1835)", "noctule (de Blainville, 1840) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "noctilio (C. H. Smith, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "palustris (Crespon, 1844)", "macuanus (W. C. H. Peters, 1851)", "minimus (Fatio, 1869)", "princeps Ognev & Vorob'yev, 1923", "meklenburzevi Kuzyakin, 1934", "lebanoticus D. L. Harrison, 1962", "mecklenburzevi D. L. Harrison, 1962 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_N. n. labiatus_ (Hodgson, 1835); _N. n. lebanoticus_ Harrison, 1962; _N. n. meklenburzevi_ Кузякин, 1934; _N. n. noctula_ (Schreber, 1774) (synonyms: _altivolans_ (White, 1789), _lardarius_ (Müller, 1776), _magnus_ (Berkenhout, 1789), _major_ (Leach, 1816), _minimus_ (Fatio, 1869), _palustris_ (Crespon, 1844), _princeps_ Огнёв & Воробьев, 1923, _proterus_ (Kuhl, 1817), _rufescens_ (Brehm, 1829))", "taxonomyNotes": "tentatively includes populations from South Asia (subspecies _labiatus_), which may instead be conspecific with _N. plancyi_", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Kruskop, S.V. and Vasenkov, D.A. 2016. Significant range extension of two uncommon South-East Asian bat species. Mammal Study 41(1):35-41. doi:10.3106/041.041.0107" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "France.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Israel", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Malta", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan", "Iraq?", "Morocco?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe", "Africa?" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": "Benda, P., Andreas, M., Kock, D., Lučan, R.K., Munclinger, P., Nová, P., Obuch, J., Ochman, K., Reiter, A., Uhrin, M. and Weinfurtová, D. 2006. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the eastern Mediterranean. Part 4. Bat fauna of Syria: distribution, systematics, ecology. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 70:1-329. a#1479" }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Israel", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Malta", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan", "Iraq?", "Morocco?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Nyctalus noctula", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Nyctalus noctula", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0099", "mddId": "1005660", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005660", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Otonycteris hemprichii", "genus": "Otonycteris", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "hemprichii", "authority": "W. C. H. Peters, 1859", "faName": "", "enName": "Desert Long-eared Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Common Desert Long-eared Bat", "Hemprich's Desert Bat", "Hemprich's Long-eared Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Plecotini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Otonycteris Hemprichii", "authorityCitation": "Peters, W.C.H. 1859. Neue Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Chiropteren. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1859:222-225.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11069575", "nominalNames": [ "hemprichii W. C. H. Peters, 1859", "ustus (von Heuglin in von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866) [nomen nudum]", "usta (von Heuglin, 1877)", "petersi J. Anderson & de Winton, 1902", "hemprichi Trouessart, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "cinerea Satunin, 1909", "jin Cheesman & Hinton, 1924", "saharae (Laurent, 1936)" ], "subspecies": "_O. h. cinerea_ Сатунин, 1909; _O. h. hemprichii_ Peters, 1859 (synonyms: _petersi_ Anderson & de Winton, 1902, _saharae_ (Laurent, 1936), _usta_ (Heuglin, 1877)); _O. h. jin_ Cheesman & Hinton, 1924", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included O. leucophaea", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Benda, P. and Gvoždík, V. 2010. Taxonomy of the genus _Otonycteris_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Plecotini) as inferred from morphological and mtDNA data. Acta Chiropterologica 12(1):83-102. doi:10.3161/150811010X504617" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMB 441, ZMB 442", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "type locality not given. Restricted by D. Kock in 1969 to Nile Valley between north of Aswan, Egypt and Chondek, Sudan.", "latitude": "24.083333333333332", "longitude": "32.9" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Algeria", "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Libya", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Palestine", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "United Arab Emirates" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Algeria", "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Libya", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Palestine", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "United Arab Emirates" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Otonycteris hemprichii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Otonycteris hemprichii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0100", "mddId": "1005661", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005661", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Otonycteris leucophaea", "genus": "Otonycteris", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "leucophaea", "authority": "(Severtzov, 1873)", "faName": "", "enName": "Turkestani Long-eared Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Eastern Desert Long-eared Bat", "Turkestan Long-eared Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Plecotini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Plecotus leucophaeus", "authorityCitation": "Severtzov, N.A. 1873. Вертикальное и горизонтальное распределение туркестанских животных. Известия Императорского Общества Любителей Естествознания 8(2):1-157.", "authorityLink": "https://www.academia.edu/124781039/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9D_%D0%90_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9C_1873", "nominalNames": [ "brevimana (Severtzov, 1873) [preoccupied]", "leucophaea (Severtzov, 1873)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from O. hemprichii; often spelt 'leucophaeus', but the spelling has been changed to 'leucophaea' for gender agreement", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Benda, P. and Gvoždík, V. 2010. Taxonomy of the genus _Otonycteris_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Plecotini) as inferred from morphological and mtDNA data. Acta Chiropterologica 12(1):83-102. doi:10.3161/150811010X504617" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMMU S-1156", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/list_record.php?id=S-1156" ], "locality": "western Tajikistan near Djan-Bulak, between Tashkent and Hodjent (= western promontory of the Kuraminskiy Range).", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "India", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Pakistan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "India", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Pakistan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Otonycteris leucophaea", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0101", "mddId": "1005623", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005623", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Pipistrellus kuhlii", "genus": "Pipistrellus", "subgenus": "Pipistrellus", "specificEpithet": "kuhlii", "authority": "(Kuhl, 1817)", "faName": "", "enName": "Kuhl's Pipistrelle", "otherCommonNames": [ "Kuhl's Bat", "Kuhl's Pipistrelle Bat", "Great Pipistrelle", "White Stripe Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Pipistrellini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio kuhlii", "authorityCitation": "Kuhl, H. 1817. Die deutschen Fledermäuse. None, Hanau, 67 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-91692", "nominalNames": [ "kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817)", "aegyptius (J. B. Fischer, 1829)", "marginatus (Cretzschmar, 1830)", "albolimbatus (Küster, 1835)", "alcythoe (Bonaparte, 1837)", "vispistrellus (Bonaparte, 1837)", "calcaratus (J. E. Gray, 1838)", "ursula (J. A. Wagner, 1840)", "marginatus Bonaparte, 1841 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "lobatus (J. E. Gray, 1843) [nomen nudum]", "kuhli Bonaparte, 1845 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "lepidus E. Blyth in F. W. Hutton, 1845", "kolenatii (J. Müller, 1858)", "vispistrella Loche, 1858 [unjustified emendation]", "canus (E. Blyth, 1863) [nomen nudum]", "canus (Jerdon, 1867)", "lobatus (Jerdon, 1867)", "minutus Loche, 1867", "leucotis Dobson in Stoliczka, 1872", "albicans (Monticelli, 1886)", "pullatus (Monticelli, 1886)", "deserti O. Thomas, 1902", "ikhwanius Cheesman & Hinton, 1924", "pallidus Heim de Balsac, 1936", "saharae Heim de Balsac, 1936 [nomen nudum]", "latastei Laurent, 1937", "kunhli Sevilla García, 1988 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_P. k. ikhwanius_ Cheesman & Hinton, 1924; _P. k. kuhlii_ (Kuhl, 1817) (synonyms: _aegyptius_ (Fischer, 1829), _albicans_ (Monticelli, 1886), _albolimbatus_ (Küster, 1835), _alcythoe_ (Bonaparte, 1837), _calcaratus_ (Gray, 1838), _deserti_ Thomas, 1902, _kolenatii_ (Müller, 1858), _latastei_ Laurent, 1937, _marginatus_ (Cretzschmar, 1830), _marginatus_ Bonaparte, 1841, _minutus_ Loche, 1867, _pallidus_ Heim de Balsac, 1936, _pullatus_ (Monticelli, 1886), _saharae_ Heim de Balsac, 1936, _ursula_ (Wagner, 1840), _vispistrellus_ (Bonaparte, 1837)); _P. k. lepidus_ Blyth, 1845 (synonyms: _canus_ (Jerdon, 1867), _leucotis_ Dobson, 1872, _lobatus_ (Jerdon, 1867))", "taxonomyNotes": "includes deserti", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Benda, P., Andriollo, T. and Ruedi, M. 2015. Systematic position and taxonomy of _Pipistrellus deserti_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Mammalia 79(4):419-438. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2014-0024" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "Trieste, Italy.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Egypt", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Egypt", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "North Macedonia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Pipistrellus kuhlii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Pipistrellus kuhlii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0102", "mddId": "1005632", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005632", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Pipistrellus pipistrellus", "genus": "Pipistrellus", "subgenus": "Pipistrellus", "specificEpithet": "pipistrellus", "authority": "(von Schreber, 1774)", "faName": "", "enName": "Common Pipistrelle", "otherCommonNames": [ "Common Pipistrelle Bat", "Small House Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Pipistrellini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio pipistrellus", "authorityCitation": "Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774. pl. 54. P. pl. 54 in Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1774-1855. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Walther, Erlangen.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31060102", "nominalNames": [ "pipistrellus (von Schreber, 1774)", "pipistrelle (P. L. S. Müller, 1776)", "pipistrella (Boddaert, 1785) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pinistrellus (F. Boie, 1825) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pipistrillus (Billberg, 1827) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "brachyotos (Baillon, 1834)", "murinus (J. E. Gray, 1838)", "nigra (de Sélys-Longchamps, 1839) [nomen nudum]", "rufescens (de Sélys-Longchamps, 1839) [nomen nudum]", "lacteus (Temminck, 1840)", "melanopterus (H. R. Schinz, 1840)", "minutissimus (H. R. Schinz, 1840)", "pusillus (H. R. Schinz, 1840) [not used as valid]", "stenotus (H. R. Schinz, 1840)", "griseus (J. E. Gray, 1842)", "stenotos (H. R. Schinz, 1844) [unjustified emendation]", "genei Bonaparte, 1845 [not used as valid]", "nigricans Bonaparte, 1845", "typus Bonaparte, 1845 [nomen novum]", "macropterus (Jeitteles, 1862)", "flavescens (C. Koch, 1863)", "limbatus (C. Koch, 1863)", "nigricans (C. Koch, 1863) [preoccupied]", "brachyotis (Fitzinger, 1870) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "almatensis (Severtzov, 1873)", "oxianus (Bogdanov, 1882) [nomen nudum]", "aladdin O. Thomas, 1905", "bactrianus Satunin, 1905", "fulvus (Korelov, 1947)", "kusjakini (Korelov, 1947)", "kuzyakini Simmons, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1997.81", "kind": "neotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/1327940e-8e2e-4d22-9874-d98dc38bd944", "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/7057e018-3071-4be3-8ce7-4cc7ab08d24c" ], "locality": "France.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Malta", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": "Records in Myanmar were based on misidentified _Alionoctula coromandra_, and a supposed occurrence on Taiwan was apparently based on _Alionoctula abramus_. Identification of material from India and Pakistan needs confirmation.", "notesCitation": "Bates, P.J.J., Nwe, T., Si Si Hla Bu, Mie, K.M., Swe, K.M., Nyo, N., Khaing, A.A., Aye, N.N., Toke, Y.Y., Aung, N.N., Thi, M.M. and Mackie, I. 2005. A review of the genera _Myotis_, _Ia_, _Pipistrellus_, _Hypsugo_, and _Arielulus_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Myanmar (Burma), including three species new to the country. Acta Chiropterologica 7(2):205-236. doi:10.3161/1733-5329(2005)7[205:AROTGM]2.0.CO;2" }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Malta", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Pipistrellus pipistrellus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Pipistrellus pipistrellus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0103", "mddId": "1005633", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005633", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Pipistrellus pygmaeus", "genus": "Pipistrellus", "subgenus": "Pipistrellus", "specificEpithet": "pygmaeus", "authority": "(Leach, 1825)", "faName": "", "enName": "Soprano Pipistrelle", "otherCommonNames": [ "Brown Pipistrelle", "Pygmy Pipistrelle" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Pipistrellini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio Pygmæus", "authorityCitation": "Leach, W.E. 1825-01. Description of the _Vespertilio Pygmæus_, a new species, recently discovered in Devonshire. Zoological Journal 1(4):559-561.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13382418", "nominalNames": [ "pygmaeus (Leach, 1825)", "pygmeus (Lesson, 1827) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pigmaeus (S.D.W., 1836) [unjustified emendation]", "mediterraneus Cabrera, 1904", "cyprius Benda in Benda, Hanák, Horáček, Hulva, R. Lučan, & Ruedi, 2007" ], "subspecies": "_P. p. cyprius_ Benda, 2007; _P. p. pygmaeus_ (Leach, 1825) (synonyms: _mediterraneus_ Cabrera, 1904)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1999.43", "kind": "neotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/315e0f2b-fb9c-458a-b78e-e58084d66d22", "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/cd650d43-7834-46ac-8d55-e745b41e4cb1" ], "locality": "\"Spitchweek [= Spitchwick], near the forest of Dartmoor,\" Devon, United Kingdom.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Ireland", "Italy", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Ireland", "Italy", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Pipistrellus pygmaeus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Pipistrellus pygmaeus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0104", "mddId": "1005662", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005662", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Plecotus auritus", "genus": "Plecotus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "auritus", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "", "enName": "Brown Long-eared Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Brown Big-eared Bat", "Common Long-eared Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Plecotini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio auritus", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033824", "nominalNames": [ "auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)", "auribus (E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1780) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "europaeus (Leach, 1816) [nomen nudum]", "otus (F. Boie, 1825)", "cornutus (Faber, 1826)", "communis Lesson, 1827 [nomen novum]", "brevimanus Jenyns, 1829", "vulgaris Desmarest, 1829", "peronii I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832", "velatus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "bonapartii J. E. Gray, 1838 [nomen nudum]", "megalotos H. R. Schinz, 1840 [not used as valid]", "montanus C. Koch, 1863", "typus C. Koch, 1863", "bonapartii Fitzinger, 1872", "begognae de Paz, 1994", "ponticus Kruskop & Zhukova, 2025" ], "subspecies": "_P. a. auritus_ (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonyms: _bonapartii_ Fitzinger, 1872, _brevimanus_ Jenyns, 1829, _communis_ Lesson, 1827, _cornutus_ (Faber, 1826), _europaeus_ (Leach, 1816), _megalotos_ Schinz, 1840, _montanus_ Koch, 1863, _otus_ (Boie, 1825), _typus_ Koch, 1863, _velatus_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832, _vulgaris_ Desmarest, 1829); _P. a. begognae_ de Paz, 1994; _P. a. ponticus_ Крускоп & Zhukova, 2025", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included P. homochrous, P. ognevi, and P. sacrimontis; includes begognae, which is sometimes recognized as a distinct species", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Spitzenberger, F., Strelkov, P.P., Winkler, H. and Haring, E. 2006. A preliminary revision of the genus _Plecotus_ (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) based on genetic and morphological results. Zoologica Scripta 35(3):187-230. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00224.x|Kaźmierkiewicz, A.A., Balážová, A., Pereswiet-Soltan, A., Berto, C., Baca, M. and Horacek, I. 2026. Ancient DNA elucidates the Quaternary history of the long-eared bats (_Plecotus_, Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Central Europe. Historical Biology (in press). doi:10.1080/08912963.2026.2663153" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Europa.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Ireland", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Kazakhstan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Ireland", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Kazakhstan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Plecotus auritus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Plecotus auritus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0105", "mddId": "1005670", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005670", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Plecotus macrobullaris", "genus": "Plecotus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "macrobullaris", "authority": "Kuzyakin, 1965", "faName": "", "enName": "Alpine Long-eared Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Mountain Long-eared Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Plecotini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Plecotus auritus macrobullaris", "authorityCitation": "Kuzyakin, A.P. 1965. Отряд рукокрылые. Ordo Chiroptera. Pp. 79–116 in Бобринский, Н.А., Кузнецов, Б.А. and Кузякин, А.П. (eds.). Определитель млекопитающих СССР. Просвещение, Moscow, 382 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/pdf/kuzyakin65-2.pdf", "nominalNames": [ "macrobullaris Kuzyakin, 1965", "alpinus Kiefer & Veith, 2001", "microdontus Spitzenberger in Spitzenberger, Haring, & Tvrtković, 2002", "sarmaticus Lopatin, 2024" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from P. austriacus and includes alpinus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Spitzenberger, F., Strelkov, P.P. and Haring, E. 2003. Morphology and mitochondrial DNA sequences show that _Plecotus alpinus_ Kiefer & Veith, 2002 and _Plecotus microdontus_ Spitzenberger, 2002 are synonyms of _Plecotus macrobullaris_ Kuzjakin, 1965. Natura Croatica 12(2):39-53. a#72012|Kaźmierkiewicz, A.A., Balážová, A., Pereswiet-Soltan, A., Berto, C., Baca, M. and Horacek, I. 2026. Ancient DNA elucidates the Quaternary history of the long-eared bats (_Plecotus_, Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Central Europe. Historical Biology (in press). doi:10.1080/08912963.2026.2663153" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMMU S-47032, ZIN 87832", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "near Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia, Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Croatia", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Liechtenstein", "Montenegro", "Russia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Croatia", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Liechtenstein", "Montenegro", "Russia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Plecotus macrobullaris", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Plecotus alpinus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0106", "mddId": "1005571", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005571", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Rhyneptesicus nasutus", "genus": "Rhyneptesicus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "nasutus", "authority": "(Dobson, 1877)", "faName": "", "enName": "Sind Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Persian Serotine", "Sind Serotine" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "incertae sedis", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vesperugo (Vesperus) nasutus", "authorityCitation": "Dobson, G.E. 1877. Notes on a collection of Chiroptera from India and Burma, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 46(3):310-313.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35548399", "nominalNames": [ "nasutus (Dobson, 1877)", "matschiei (O. Thomas, 1905)", "pellucens (O. Thomas, 1906) [preoccupied]", "walli (O. Thomas, 1919)", "batinensis (D. L. Harrison, 1968)" ], "subspecies": "_R. n. batinensis_ (Harrison, 1968); _R. n. matschiei_ (Thomas, 1905); _R. n. nasutus_ (Dobson, 1877); _R. n. walli_ (Thomas, 1919) (synonyms: _pellucens_ (Thomas, 1906))", "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Eptesicus to Rhyneptesicus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Juste, J., Benda, P., García-Mudarra, J.L. and Ibáñez, C. 2013. Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genus _Eptesicus_, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach. Zoologica Scripta 42(5):441-457. doi:10.1111/zsc.12020" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZSI 15659", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Shikarpur [east of Rohri], Sind,\" Pakistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Iraq", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Bahrain?", "Kuwait?", "Qatar?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Iraq", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Bahrain?", "Kuwait?", "Qatar?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rhyneptesicus nasutus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Eptesicus nasutus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0107", "mddId": "1005648", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005648", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Vansonia rueppellii", "genus": "Vansonia", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "rueppellii", "authority": "(J. B. Fischer, 1829)", "faName": "", "enName": "Rüppell's Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Rüppell's Pipistrelle", "Rüppell's Pipistrelle Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Pipistrellini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio Rüppelii", "authorityCitation": "Fischer, J.B. 1829. [Main body of work]. Pp. 1–527 in Fischer, J.B. 1829-1830. Synopsis Mammalium. J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart, 752 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://books.google.com/books?id=X31EAQAAMAAJ", "nominalNames": [ "temminckii (Cretzschmar, 1827) [preoccupied]", "rueppellii (J. B. Fischer, 1829) [nomen novum", "as emended]", "temminkii (H. R. Schinz, 1844) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "rueppellii (J. A. Wagner, 1855) [justified emendation]", "hypoleuca (von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866)", "ruppellii (A. Murray, 1866) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "sennaariensis (von Heuglin in von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866) [nomen nudum]", "pulchra (Dobson, 1875)", "senarensis (von Heuglin, 1877) [nomen nudum]", "temmincki (Noack, 1891) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "rueppelli (J. Anderson & de Winton, 1902) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "preoccupied]", "rueppeli (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "fuscipes (O. Thomas, 1913)", "coxi (O. Thomas, 1919)", "rueppelii (S. S. Flower, 1932) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "vernayi (A. Roberts, 1932)", "leucomelas (Monard, 1933)", "trueppellii (Monard, 1935) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "senegalensis (Dorst, 1960)" ], "subspecies": "_V. r. coxi_ (Thomas, 1919); _V. r. fuscipes_ (Thomas, 1913); _V. r. pulchra_ (Dobson, 1875); _V. r. rueppellii_ (Fischer, 1829) (synonyms: _hypoleuca_ (Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866), _senarensis_ (Heuglin, 1877), _sennaariensis_ (Heuglin, 1866), _temminckii_ (Cretzschmar, 1827)); _V. r. senegalensis_ (Dorst, 1960); _V. r. vernayi_ (Roberts, 1932) (synonyms: _leucomelas_ (Monard, 1933))", "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Pipistrellus to Vansonia", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Kruskop, S.V., Solovyeva, E.N. and Kaznadzey, A.D. 2018. Unusual pipistrelle: Taxonomic position of the Malayan noctule (_Pipistrellus stenopterus_; Vespertilionidae; Chiroptera). Zoological Studies 57(60):1-15. a#69544" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "SMF:MAMM:4308", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Dongola, Northern Province, Sudan.", "latitude": "16.685555555555556", "longitude": "33.422777777777775" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Algeria", "Angola", "Bahrain", "Botswana", "Cameroon", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Egypt", "Ethiopia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Malawi", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Senegal", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Tanzania", "Uganda", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Algeria", "Angola", "Bahrain", "Botswana", "Cameroon", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Egypt", "Ethiopia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Malawi", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Senegal", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Tanzania", "Uganda", "Yemen", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Vansonia rueppellii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Pipistrellus rueppellii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0108", "mddId": "1005792", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005792", "phylosort": 23, "order": "Chiroptera", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "scientificName": "Vespertilio murinus", "genus": "Vespertilio", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "murinus", "authority": "Linnaeus, 1758", "faName": "", "enName": "Eurasian Particolored Bat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Particolored Bat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Chiroptera", "suborder": "Yangochiroptera", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Vespertilionoidea", "family": "Vespertilionidae", "subfamily": "Vespertilioninae", "tribe": "Vespertilionini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Vespertilio murinus", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033824", "nominalNames": [ "murinus Linnaeus, 1758", "discolor Kuhl, 1817", "minimus Muirhead, 1819 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "krascheninikowii (Eversmann, 1853)", "krascheninikovii (Eversmann, 1856) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "albigularis (W. C. H. Peters, 1872)", "siculus (Daday, 1885)", "luteus (Kastschenko, 1905)", "michnoi Kastschenko, 1913", "ussuriensis L. Wallin, 1969", "krascheninnikovi Simmons, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": "_V. m. murinus_ Linnaeus, 1758 (synonyms: _albigularis_ (Peters, 1872), _discolor_ Kuhl, 1817, _krascheninikowii_ (Eversmann, 1853), _luteus_ (Кащенко, 1905), _michnoi_ Кащенко, 1913, _siculus_ (Daday, 1885)); _V. m. ussuriensis_ Wallin, 1969", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "\"Europa.\" Restricted by H. J. Baagøe in 2001 to probably near Uppsala, central Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Japan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Japan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Korea", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Vespertilio murinus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Vespertilio murinus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0109", "mddId": "1003809", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003809", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Erinaceidae", "scientificName": "Erinaceus concolor", "genus": "Erinaceus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "concolor", "authority": "W. C. L. Martin, 1838", "faName": "جوجه‌تیغی معمولی", "enName": "Southern White-breasted Hedgehog", "otherCommonNames": [ "White-bellied Hedgehog", "White-chested Hedgehog" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Erinaceoidea", "family": "Erinaceidae", "subfamily": "Erinaceinae", "tribe": "Erinaceini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Erinaceus concolor", "authorityCitation": "Martin, W.C.L. 1838-05-25. Mr. Martin also communicated to the Meeting the following notice of a new species of Hedgehog. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1837:102-103.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30570988", "nominalNames": [ "concolor W. C. L. Martin, 1838", "transcaucasicus Satunin, 1906", "ponticus Satunin, 1907", "rhodius Festa, 1914", "sacer O. Thomas, 1918", "carmelitus Bate, 1932", "sharonis Bate, 1937", "sharaonis P. M. Butler & M. Greenwood, 1973 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1855.12.24.83", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/422da873-8914-475b-9695-fbc00d3a0624" ], "locality": "\"apud Trebizond.\" Interpreted by D. R. Frost and colleagues in 1991 as \"Trabzon, Turkey, 40°00'N, 39°43'E.\"", "latitude": "40", "longitude": "39.71667" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Palestine", "Russia", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Palestine", "Russia", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Erinaceus concolor", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Erinaceus concolor", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0110", "mddId": "1003812", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003812", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Erinaceidae", "scientificName": "Hemiechinus auritus", "genus": "Hemiechinus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "auritus", "authority": "(S. G. Gmelin, 1770)", "faName": "جوجه‌تیغی گوش‌دراز", "enName": "Common Long-eared Hedgehog", "otherCommonNames": [ "Afghan Hedgehog", "Long-eared Steppe Hedgehog" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Erinaceoidea", "family": "Erinaceidae", "subfamily": "Erinaceinae", "tribe": "Erinaceini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Erinaceus auritus", "authorityCitation": "Gmelin, S.G. 1770. De Capra Saiga et Erinaceo aurito. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14(1):512-524.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36914420", "nominalNames": [ "auritus (S. G. Gmelin, 1770)", "aegyptius (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)", "auritus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Audouin, 1829) [preoccupied]", "libycus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833)", "caspicus (Sundevall, 1842) [nomen novum]", "oegyptius (Lesson, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "platyotis (Sundevall, 1842)", "megalotis (E. Blyth in F. W. Hutton, 1845)", "albulus (Stoliczka, 1872)", "syriacus (Wood, 1876)", "calligoni (Satunin, 1901)", "calligoni (Satunin in P. L. Sclater, 1901) [nomen nudum]", "alaschanicus (Satunin, 1905) [nomen nudum]", "minor (Satunin, 1905) [nomen nudum]", "turanicus (Satunin, 1905)", "alaschanicus Satunin, 1907", "minor Satunin, 1907", "persicus Satunin, 1907", "russowi Satunin, 1907", "brachyotis Satunin, 1908", "typicus Satunin, 1908 [nomen novum]", "turfanicus (Matschie, 1911)", "holdereri Matschie, 1922", "microtis Laptev, 1925", "chorassanicus Laptev, 1926", "major Ognev & Heptner, 1928", "turkestanicus Ognev, 1928", "insularis Timofeyev, 1934", "homalacanthus Stroganov, 1944", "metwallyi Setzer, 1957", "dorotheae Spitzenberger, 1978" ], "subspecies": "_H. a. albulus_ (Stoliczka, 1872) (synonyms: _alaschanicus_ Сатунин, 1907, _holdereri_ Matschie, 1922, _turfanicus_ (Matschie, 1911)); _H. a. auritus_ (Gmelin, 1770) (synonyms: _aegyptius_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803), _auritus_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Audouin, 1829), _brachyotis_ Сатунин, 1908, _calligoni_ (Сатунин, 1901), _caspicus_ (Sundevall, 1842), _chorassanicus_ Лаптев, 1926, _dorotheae_ Spitzenberger, 1978, _homalacanthus_ Строганов, 1944, _insularis_ Тимофеев, 1934, _libycus_ (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833), _major_ Огнёв & Гептнер, 1928, _metwallyi_ Setzer, 1957, _microtis_ Лаптев, 1925, _minor_ Сатунин, 1907, _persicus_ Сатунин, 1907, _platyotis_ (Sundevall, 1842), _russowi_ Сатунин, 1907, _syriacus_ (Wood, 1876), _turanicus_ (Сатунин, 1905), _turkestanicus_ Огнёв, 1928, _typicus_ Сатунин, 1908); _H. a. megalotis_ (Blyth, 1845)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "\"in regione Astrachanensi.\" Interpreted by D. R. Frost and colleagues in 1991 as \"Astrackhan'skaya Oblast', [former] U.S.S.R., 46°21'N, 48°03'E,\" now southern Russia.", "latitude": "46.35", "longitude": "48.05" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Egypt", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Mongolia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Russia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Egypt", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Mongolia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Russia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Hemiechinus auritus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Hemiechinus auritus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0111", "mddId": "1003818", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003818", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Erinaceidae", "scientificName": "Paraechinus aethiopicus", "genus": "Paraechinus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "aethiopicus", "authority": "(Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833)", "faName": "", "enName": "Desert Hedgehog", "otherCommonNames": [ "Ethiopian Hedgehog" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Erinaceoidea", "family": "Erinaceidae", "subfamily": "Erinaceinae", "tribe": "Erinaceini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Erinaceus aethiopicus", "authorityCitation": "Ehrenberg, C.G. 1833-06. Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones mammalium quae ex itinere per Africam borealem et Asiam occidentalem Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg medicinae et chirurgiae doctorum studio nova aut illustrata redierunt. Decas secunda. Ex officina academica, Berlin, not continuously paginated pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48508487", "nominalNames": [ "aethiopicus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833)", "sennaariensis (Hedenborg in Anonymous, 1839) [nomen nudum]", "brachydactylus (J. A. Wagner, 1841) [nomen novum]", "deserti (Loche, 1858)", "pectoralis (von Heuglin, 1861)", "pallidus (Fitzinger in von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866) [nomen nudum]", "pallidus (Fitzinger, 1867)", "dorsalis (J. Anderson & de Winton, 1901)", "aethyopicus (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "senaarensis (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "nomen nudum]", "ludlowi O. Thomas, 1919", "blancalis O. Thomas, 1921", "albatus O. Thomas, 1922", "oniscus O. Thomas, 1922", "albior Pocock, 1934", "wassifi Setzer, 1957" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMB 731", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"in desertis dongalanis habitat.\" Interpreted by G. B. Corbet in 1988 as \"Dongola Desert, Sudan\" and restricted by D. R. Frost and colleagues in 1991 to \"approximately at 19°22'N, 30°45'E,\" northern Sudan.", "latitude": "19.172851", "longitude": "30.473159" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Algeria", "Bahrain", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Libya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tunisia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Chad?", "Djibouti?", "Somalia?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Algeria", "Bahrain", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Ethiopia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Libya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tunisia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Chad?", "Djibouti?", "Somalia?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Paraechinus aethiopicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Paraechinus aethiopicus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0112", "mddId": "1003819", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003819", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Erinaceidae", "scientificName": "Paraechinus hypomelas", "genus": "Paraechinus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "hypomelas", "authority": "(J. F. von Brandt, 1836)", "faName": "جوجه‌تیغی بلوچستان", "enName": "Brandt's Hedgehog", "otherCommonNames": [ "Brandt's Steppic Hedgehog", "Long-spined Hedgehog" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Erinaceoidea", "family": "Erinaceidae", "subfamily": "Erinaceinae", "tribe": "Erinaceini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Erinaceus hypomelas", "authorityCitation": "Brandt, J.F. von. 1836-05-01. M. Brandt annonça à l'Académie. Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 1(4):32.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11945761", "nominalNames": [ "hypomelas (J. F. von Brandt, 1836)", "macracanthus (Blanford, 1875)", "blanfordi (J. Anderson, 1878)", "jerdoni (J. Anderson, 1878)", "niger (Blanford, 1878)", "amir O. Thomas, 1918", "sabaeus O. Thomas, 1922", "seniculus O. Thomas, 1922", "eversmanni Ognev, 1927" ], "subspecies": "_P. h. blanfordi_ (Anderson, 1878) (synonyms: _amir_ Thomas, 1918, _jerdoni_ (Anderson, 1878), _macracanthus_ (Blanford, 1875)); _P. h. eversmanni_ Огнёв, 1927; _P. h. hypomelas_ (Brandt, 1836); _P. h. sabaeus_ Thomas, 1922 (synonyms: _niger_ (Blanford, 1878)); _P. h. seniculus_ Thomas, 1922", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZIN S. 918", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"pays des Turcomans [= country of the Turkmens].\" Interpreted by D. R. Frost and colleagues in 1991 as \"roughly equivalent to the Turkmen, Uzbek, Kazak, and Karakalpak regions of the [former] U.S.S.R.\" and by R. Hutterer in 2005 as \"somewhere in S Kazakhstan.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Paraechinus hypomelas", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Paraechinus hypomelas", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0113", "mddId": "1003865", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003865", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Soricidae", "scientificName": "Crocidura caspica", "genus": "Crocidura", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "caspica", "authority": "O. Thomas, 1907", "faName": "", "enName": "Caspian White-toothed Shrew", "otherCommonNames": [ "Caspian Shrew" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Soricoidea", "family": "Soricidae", "subfamily": "Crocidurinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Crocidura russula caspica", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1907-09-01. On mammals from northern Persia, presented to the National Museum by Col. A. C. Bailward. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)20(117):196-202.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26413438", "nominalNames": [ "caspica O. Thomas, 1907" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1907.7.14.8", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/b1716cfc-5ce7-43df-9b80-56fede208c53" ], "locality": "Iran, \"South coast of Caspian Sea [Iran]. Atl. –25 m.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Crocidura caspica", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Crocidura caspica", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0114", "mddId": "1006926", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006926", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Soricidae", "scientificName": "Crocidura darvishi", "genus": "Crocidura", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "darvishi", "authority": "Mahmoudi, Kryštufek, & Shad in Mahmoudi, Shad, & Kryštufek, 2025", "faName": "", "enName": "Darvish's White-toothed Shrew", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Soricoidea", "family": "Soricidae", "subfamily": "Crocidurinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Crocidura darvishi", "authorityCitation": "Mahmoudi, A., Shad, H.H. and Kryštufek, B. 2025-01. White-toothed shrew (genus _Crocidura_) diversity in Iran: Molecular evidence and taxonomic implications. Zoologischer Anzeiger 314:149-158.", "authorityLink": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.009", "nominalNames": [ "darvishi Mahmoudi, Kryštufek, & Shad in Mahmoudi, Shad, & Kryštufek, 2025" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "recently described", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mahmoudi, A., Shad, H.H. and Kryštufek, B. 2025. White-toothed shrew (genus _Crocidura_) diversity in Iran: Molecular evidence and taxonomic implications. Zoologischer Anzeiger 314:149-158. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.009" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMF 3759", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"near Tezerjan, Yazd, Yazd Province, Iran (31°59'N, 54°17'E).\"", "latitude": "31.983333333333334", "longitude": "54.28333333333333" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0115", "mddId": "1003905", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003905", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Soricidae", "scientificName": "Crocidura gueldenstaedtii", "genus": "Crocidura", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "gueldenstaedtii", "authority": "(Pallas, 1811)", "faName": "", "enName": "Güldenstädt's White-toothed Shrew", "otherCommonNames": [ "Güldenstädt's Shrew" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Soricoidea", "family": "Soricidae", "subfamily": "Crocidurinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Sorex Güldenstaedtii", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1811. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica. Volumen Primum. In officina Caes. Academiae Scientiarum impress., Saint Petersburg, 568 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29114065", "nominalNames": [ "gueldenstaedtii (Pallas, 1811)", "gueldenstedtii (H. R. Schinz, 1821) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "gueldenstadtii (Lesson, 1836) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "gyldenstoedtii (von Nordmann, 1839) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "longicaudata Tikhomirov & Korchagin, 1889", "guldenstaedti Trouessart, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "gueldenstaedti Satunin, 1906 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "monacha O. Thomas, 1906", "balearica G. S. Miller, 1907", "cyrnensis G. S. Miller, 1907", "caneae G. S. Miller, 1909", "aralychensis Satunin, 1914", "portali O. Thomas, 1920", "tristrami (Bodenheimer, 1935)", "corsicana Heim de Balsac & Reynaud, 1940", "ariadne Pieper, 1979", "tristami Hutterer, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from C. suaveolens and previously included C. fimbriata (previously known as mimula), C. cypria, and C. iculisma; the name portali from Israel may represent a distinct species as well but is tentatively retained under C. gueldenstaedtii here", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Bannikova, A.A., Lebedev, V.S., Kramerov, D.A. and Zaitsev, M.V. 2006. Phylogeny and systematics of the _Crocidura suaveolens_ species group: corroboration and controversy between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers. Mammalia 70(1-2):106-119. doi:10.1515/MAMM.2006.011|Turni, H., Hutterer, R. and Asher, R.J. 2007. Type specimens of \"insectivoran\" mammals at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. Zootaxa 1470(1):1-33. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1470.1.1|İbiş, O., Koepfli, K.-P., Özcan, S. and Tez, C. 2023. Whole mitogenomes of Turkish white-toothed shrews, genus _Crocidura_ (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae), with new insights into the phylogenetic positions of _Crocidura leucodon_ and the _Crocidura suaveolens_ group. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 23(1):221-241. doi:10.1007/s13127-022-00579-3|Gritsyshin, V.A., Lisenkova, A.A., Speranskaya, A.S., Artyushin, I.V., Sheftel, B.I., Lebedev, V.S. and Bannikova, A.A. 2023. Multilocus analysis of phylogenetic relationships in the _Crocidura suaveolens_ sensu lato species complex: A comparison with mitochondrial data. Doklady Biological Sciences 509(1):128-134. doi:10.1134/S0012496623700308|Domínguez-García, Á.C., Álvarez-Vena, A., Laplana, C., Sevilla García, P., Román, J., Bisbal-Chinesta, J.F., Calzada, J., Galindo-Pellicena, M.Á. and Benítez De Lugo Enrich, L. 2024. Holocene biogeography of the southwestern European white-toothed shrew (_Crocidura iculisma_, Eulipotyphla) through its fossil record. Mammal Review (in press). doi:10.1111/mam.12374|Mahmoudi, A., Shad, H.H. and Kryštufek, B. 2025. White-toothed shrew (genus _Crocidura_) diversity in Iran: Molecular evidence and taxonomic implications. Zoologischer Anzeiger 314:149-158. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.009" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Dusheti (near Tbilisi), Georgia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Egypt", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Palestine", "Russia", "Syria", "Turkey", "France?", "Greece?", "Saudi Arabia?", "Spain?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Egypt", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Palestine", "Russia", "Syria", "Turkey", "France?", "Greece?", "Saudi Arabia?", "Spain?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Crocidura gueldenstaedtii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0116", "mddId": "1006927", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006927", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Soricidae", "scientificName": "Crocidura persica", "genus": "Crocidura", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "persica", "authority": "O. Thomas, 1907", "faName": "", "enName": "Persian White-toothed Shrew", "otherCommonNames": [ "Iranian Bicolored Shrew" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Soricoidea", "family": "Soricidae", "subfamily": "Crocidurinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Crocidura leucodon persica", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1907-09-01. On mammals from northern Persia, presented to the National Museum by Col. A. C. Bailward. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)20(117):196-202.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26413439", "nominalNames": [ "persica O. Thomas, 1907", "caspica Lydekker, 1909 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "preoccupied]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from C. leucodon", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mahmoudi, A., Shad, H.H. and Kryštufek, B. 2025. White-toothed shrew (genus _Crocidura_) diversity in Iran: Molecular evidence and taxonomic implications. Zoologischer Anzeiger 314:149-158. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2024.12.009" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1907.7.14.9", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/db9f2752-29fb-42bd-9c3c-92b8526a3582" ], "locality": "\"Elburz Mts., near Demavend. Alt. 6500'\", Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0117", "mddId": "1004010", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004010", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Soricidae", "scientificName": "Crocidura suaveolens", "genus": "Crocidura", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "suaveolens", "authority": "(Pallas, 1811)", "faName": "", "enName": "Lesser White-toothed Shrew", "otherCommonNames": [ "Lesser Shrew" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Soricoidea", "family": "Soricidae", "subfamily": "Crocidurinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Sorex suaveolens", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1811. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica. Volumen Primum. In officina Caes. Academiae Scientiarum impress., Saint Petersburg, 568 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29114066", "nominalNames": [ "gmelini (Pallas, 1811)", "suaveolens (Pallas, 1811)", "bogdanowii (Tikhomirov & Korchagin, 1889) [nomen nudum]", "lignicolor G. S. Miller, 1900", "ilensis G. S. Miller, 1901", "dinnicki Ognev, 1922", "lar G. M. Allen, 1928", "pamirensis Ognev, 1928", "mordeni G. G. Goodwin, 1934", "astrabadensis G. G. Goodwin, 1940", "hyrcania G. G. Goodwin, 1940", "heptapotamica Stroganov, 1956" ], "subspecies": "_C. s. ilensis_ Miller, 1901 (synonyms: _astrabadensis_ Goodwin, 1940, _gmelini_ (Pallas, 1811), _heptapotamica_ Строганов, 1956, _hyrcania_ Goodwin, 1940, _mordeni_ Goodwin, 1934); _C. s. pamirensis_ Огнёв, 1928; _C. s. suaveolens_ (Pallas, 1811) (synonyms: _bogdanowii_ (Tikhomirov & Korchagin, 1889), _dinnicki_ Огнёв, 1922)", "taxonomyNotes": "includes gmelini; previously included C. gueldenstaedtii", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Saeedzadeh, S., Mehdipour, A., Darvish, J., Aliabadian, M. and Mahmoudi, A. 2017. New look at the con-specificity of the two shrews, _Crocidura gmelini_ and _C. suaveolens_ from Iran; geometric morphometrics approach. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 13(2):237-246. a#57918" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "near Sevastopol, Khersones, Crimea Peninsula, Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Belarus", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan", "Afghanistan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Belarus", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan", "Afghanistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Crocidura suaveolens", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Crocidura suaveolens", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0118", "mddId": "1004011", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004011", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Soricidae", "scientificName": "Crocidura susiana", "genus": "Crocidura", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "susiana", "authority": "Redding & D. M. Lay, 1978", "faName": "", "enName": "Iranian White-toothed Shrew", "otherCommonNames": [ "Iranian Shrew", "Susiana Shrew" ], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Soricoidea", "family": "Soricidae", "subfamily": "Crocidurinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Crocidura susiana", "authorityCitation": "Redding, R.W. and Lay, D.M. 1978. Description of a new species of shrew of the genus _Crocidura_ (Mammalia: Insectivora: Soricidae) from southwestern Iran. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 43:306-310.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45539936", "nominalNames": [ "susiana Redding & D. M. Lay, 1978" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "UMMZ 120206", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "8 km SSW of Dezful (32°19'N, 48°21'E), Khuzestan Province, Iran.", "latitude": "32.31667", "longitude": "48.35" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Crocidura susiana", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Crocidura susiana", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0119", "mddId": "1004041", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004041", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Soricidae", "scientificName": "Crocidura zarudnyi", "genus": "Crocidura", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "zarudnyi", "authority": "Ognev, 1928", "faName": "", "enName": "Zarudny's White-toothed Shrew", "otherCommonNames": [ "Zarudny's Rock Shrew", "Zarudny's Shrew" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Soricoidea", "family": "Soricidae", "subfamily": "Crocidurinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Crocidura zarudnyi", "authorityCitation": "Ognev, S.I. 1928. Звери Восточной Европы и Северной Азии. Том 1. Иосударственное Издательство, Moscow, 631 pp.", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "tatianae Ognev, 1922", "zarudnyi Ognev, 1928 [nomen novum]", "streetorum Hassinger, 1970" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZIN S. 6506", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Baluchistan (border), Iran.", "latitude": "30.910119", "longitude": "61.377353" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Pakistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Pakistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Crocidura zarudnyi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Crocidura zarudnyi", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0120", "mddId": "1004203", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004203", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Soricidae", "scientificName": "Neomys milleri", "genus": "Neomys", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "milleri", "authority": "Mottaz, 1907", "faName": "", "enName": "Mediterranean Water Shrew", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Soricoidea", "family": "Soricidae", "subfamily": "Soricinae", "tribe": "Nectogalini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Neomys Milleri", "authorityCitation": "Mottaz, C. 1907. Préliminaires à nos \"Études de Micromammalogie\". Description du _Neomys milleri_, sp. nova. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 20:20-32.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10132046", "nominalNames": [ "amphibius (Brehm in H. R. Schinz, 1825)", "milleri Mottaz, 1907", "mokrzeckii V. E. Martino, 1917", "soricioides Ognev, 1922", "josti V. E. Martino & E. V. Martino, 1940", "rhenanus E. von Lehmann, 1976", "soricoides Pavlinov & Rossolimo, 1987 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_N. m. josti_ Martino & Martino, 1940; _N. m. milleri_ Mottaz, 1907; _N. m. mokrzeckii_ Martino, 1917; _N. m. rhenanus_ Lehmann, 1976; _N. m. soricioides_ Огнёв, 1922", "taxonomyNotes": "split from N. anomalus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Igea, J., Aymerich, P., Bannikova, A.A., Gosálbez, J. and Castresana, J. 2015. Multilocus species trees and species delimitation in a temporal context: application to the water shrews of the genus _Neomys_. BMC Evolutionary Biology 15(1):209. doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0485-z" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1962.1208", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/7c7024ef-38ad-4f72-b22f-393dd45e3f86" ], "locality": "Chesières, Alpes Vaudoises, 1230 m, Switzerland.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Austria", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Liechtenstein", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "North Macedonia", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Austria", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Liechtenstein", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "North Macedonia", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Neomys milleri", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0121", "mddId": "1004204", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004204", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Soricidae", "scientificName": "Neomys teres", "genus": "Neomys", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "teres", "authority": "G. S. Miller, 1908", "faName": "", "enName": "Transcaucasian Water Shrew", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Soricoidea", "family": "Soricidae", "subfamily": "Soricinae", "tribe": "Nectogalini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Neomys teres", "authorityCitation": "Miller, G.S., Jr. 1908-01-01. Two new mammals from Asia Minor. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)1(1):68-70.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24295767", "nominalNames": [ "teres G. S. Miller, 1908", "schelkovnikovi Satunin, 1913", "leptodactylus Satunin, 1914", "balkaricus Ognev, 1926", "shelkovnikovi M. V. Zaitsev & Baryshnikov, 2002 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_N. t. balkaricus_ Огнёв, 1926; _N. t. leptodactylus_ Сатунин, 1914; _N. t. schelkovnikovi_ Сатунин, 1913; _N. t. teres_ Miller, 1908", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1905.10.4.17", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/43156625-5ab5-4842-a95f-75ba684306ab" ], "locality": "\"edge of brook in mountains (altitude 7000 feet [= 2134 m]) 25 miles [= 40 km] north of Erzeroum [= Erzurum, Erzurum Province], Turkey.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Russia", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Russia", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Neomys teres", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Neomys teres", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0122", "mddId": "1004299", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004299", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Soricidae", "scientificName": "Sorex volnuchini", "genus": "Sorex", "subgenus": "Sorex", "specificEpithet": "volnuchini", "authority": "Ognev, 1922", "faName": "", "enName": "Caucasian Pygmy Shrew", "otherCommonNames": [ "Volnuchin's Shrew" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Soricoidea", "family": "Soricidae", "subfamily": "Soricinae", "tribe": "Soricini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Sorex minutus volnuchini", "authorityCitation": "Ognev, S.I. 1922-04. Contribution à la classification des mammifères insectivores de la Russie. Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de Russie 22(4):311-350.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8482941", "nominalNames": [ "volnuchini Ognev, 1922", "colchicus Sokolov & Tembotov, 1989", "dahli Zagorodnyuk, 1996" ], "subspecies": "_S. v. colchicus_ Соколов & Tembotov, 1989; _S. v. dahli_ Загороднюк, 1996; _S. v. volnuchini_ Огнёв, 1922", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZIN S. 8586", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Kisha River, Adygea Republic (north-eastern Caucasus), Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Russia", "Turkey", "Ukraine" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": "Searle, J.B., Kryštufek, B., Wójcik, J.M., Mishta, A., Stojak, J., McDevitt, A.D. and Vega, R. 2020. Phylogeographical structure of the pygmy shrew: revisiting the roles of southern and northern refugia in Europe. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129(4):901-917. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blz209" }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Russia", "Turkey", "Ukraine" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Sorex volnuchini", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Sorex volnuchini", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0123", "mddId": "1004057", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004057", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Soricidae", "scientificName": "Suncus etruscus", "genus": "Suncus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "etruscus", "authority": "(Savi, 1822)", "faName": "", "enName": "Etruscan Shrew", "otherCommonNames": [ "Common Dwarf Shrew", "Etruscan Dwarf Shrew", "Pygmy White-toothed Shrew", "Savi's Pygmy Shrew" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Soricoidea", "family": "Soricidae", "subfamily": "Crocidurinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Sorex etruscus", "authorityCitation": "Savi, P. 1822-02. Osservazioni sopra il Mustietto, o Mustiolo, nuova specie di Topo ragno Toscano. Nuovo Giornale de' Letterati, Pisa 1(1):60-71.", "authorityLink": "https://books.google.com/books?id=45QEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA60", "nominalNames": [ "etruscus (Savi, 1822)", "pygmaeus (B. H. Hodgson, 1841) [nomen nudum", "preoccupied]", "perrottetii (Duvernoy, 1842)", "pygmaeus (B. H. Hodgson, 1845) [preoccupied]", "madagascariensis (Coquerel, 1848)", "perroteti (A. Pomel, 1848) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "atratus (E. Blyth, 1855)", "hodgsonii (E. Blyth, 1855)", "melanodon (E. Blyth, 1855) [preoccupied]", "micronyx (E. Blyth, 1855)", "nudipes (E. Blyth, 1855)", "perottetii (E. Blyth, 1855) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "perrotetii (Tomes, 1856) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "hodgsoni (E. Blyth, 1863) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "assamensis (J. Anderson, 1873)", "macrotis (J. Anderson, 1877)", "nilgiricus (J. Anderson, 1877)", "nitidofulvus (J. Anderson, 1877)", "pygmaeoides (J. Anderson, 1877)", "travancorensis (J. Anderson, 1877)", "coquerelii (Trouessart, 1880)", "coquereli (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "perrotteti (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "nanulus (Stroganov, 1941)", "bactrianus Stroganov, 1958", "kura (Deraniyagala, 1958)", "dura (Conisbee, 1964) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "estruscus Benazzou, 1998 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "perrottetti D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2018 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_S. e. bactrianus_ Строганов, 1958; _S. e. etruscus_ (Savi, 1822) (synonyms: _suaveolens_ (Blasius, 1857)); _S. e. madagascariensis_ (Coquerel, 1848) (synonyms: _coquerelii_ (Trouessart, 1880)); _S. e. micronyx_ (Blyth, 1855) (synonyms: _pygmaeoides_ (Anderson, 1877), _pygmaeus_ (Hodgson, 1845)); _S. e. nanulus_ (Строганов, 1941); _S. e. nudipes_ (Blyth, 1855) (synonyms: _assamensis_ (Anderson, 1873), _atratus_ (Blyth, 1855), _hodgsonii_ (Blyth, 1855), _melanodon_ (Blyth, 1855), _nitidofulvus_ (Anderson, 1877)); _S. e. perrottetii_ (Duvernoy, 1842) (synonyms: _nilgiricus_ (Anderson, 1877), _travancorensis_ (Anderson, 1877))", "taxonomyNotes": "includes madagascariensis; previously included the name pachyurus (Küster, 1835), which is now the senior synonym of Crocidura ichnusae (now C. pachyura)", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Turni, H., Hutterer, R. and Asher, R.J. 2007. Type specimens of \"insectivoran\" mammals at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. Zootaxa 1470(1):1-33. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1470.1.1|Omar, H., Adamson, E.A.S., Bhassu, S., Goodman, S.M., Soarimalala, V., Hashim, R. and Ruedi, M. 2011. Phylogenetic relationships of Malayan and Malagasy pygmy shrews of the genus _Suncus_ (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome _b_ gene sequences. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59(2):237-243. a#72102" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZFMK:Mamm:1978.513, ZFMK:Mamm:1978.514, ZMB 3540, ZMB 15111, ZMB 15112", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "Pisa, Italy.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Azerbaijan", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Egypt", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Laos", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Malaysia", "Malta", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "North Macedonia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam", "Yemen", "Armenia?", "Brunei?", "Indonesia?", "Kuwait?" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Azerbaijan", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Egypt", "France", "Georgia", "Greece", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Laos", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Malaysia", "Malta", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "North Macedonia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Portugal", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam", "Yemen", "Armenia?", "Brunei?", "Indonesia?", "Kuwait?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Suncus etruscus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Suncus etruscus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0124", "mddId": "1006808", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006808", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Talpidae", "scientificName": "Talpa streeti", "genus": "Talpa", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "streeti", "authority": "D. M. Lay, 1965", "faName": "", "enName": "Street's Mole", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Talpoidea", "family": "Talpidae", "subfamily": "Talpinae", "tribe": "Talpini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Talpa streeti", "authorityCitation": "Lay, D.M. 1965-10-22. A new species of mole (genus _Talpa_) from Kurdistan Province, western Iran. Fieldiana Zoology 44(24):227-230.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2761790", "nominalNames": [ "streeti D. M. Lay, 1965", "streetorum D. M. Lay, 1967 [unjustified emendation]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from T. davidiana; the original spelling of this name was 'streeti', but was emmended to 'streetorum' in a later publication, although this later emmendation was unjustified and the original spelling is used here", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Gündüz, İ., Demirtaş, S., Silsüpür, M., Özmen, M., Polly, P.D. and Bilton, D.T. 2023. Notes from the Anatolian underground: two new mole taxa from Eastern Turkey, together with a revised phylogeny of the genus _Talpa_ (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Talpidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 199(3):567-593. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad049" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "FMNH:Mamm:96424", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "http://portal.vertnet.org/o/fmnh/mammals?id=45312dc1-3c4c-4b1a-8c50-20479c88c75d" ], "locality": "Hezer Darrak, Kurdistan Province, north-western Iran (35x25'N, 47x07'E).", "latitude": "35.416666666666664", "longitude": "47.11666666666667" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0125", "mddId": "1004346", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004346", "phylosort": 22, "order": "Eulipotyphla", "family": "Talpidae", "scientificName": "Talpa talyschensis", "genus": "Talpa", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "talyschensis", "authority": "Vereshchagin, 1945", "faName": "", "enName": "Talysch Mole", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Eulipotyphla", "suborder": "Erinaceota", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Talpoidea", "family": "Talpidae", "subfamily": "Talpinae", "tribe": "Talpini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Talpa orientalis talyschensis", "authorityCitation": "Vereshchagin, N.K. 1945. Новые фаунистические находки в Талыше. Priroda 6:67-68.", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "talyschensis Vereshchagin, 1945", "talyschesis Kryštufek & Motokawa, 2018 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from T. levantis", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Bannikova, A.A., Zemlemerova, E.D., Colangelo, P., Sözen, M., Sevindik, M., Kidov, A.A., Dzuev, R.I., Kryštufek, B. and Lebedev, V.S. 2015. An underground burst of diversity – a new look at the phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus _Talpa_ Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Talpidae) as revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175(4):930-948. doi:10.1111/zoj.12298" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZIN S. 31406", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Talysch Mountains, Azerbaijan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Talpa talyschensis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0126", "mddId": "1001085", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001085", "phylosort": 20, "order": "Lagomorpha", "family": "Leporidae", "scientificName": "Lepus capensis", "genus": "Lepus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "capensis", "authority": "Linnaeus, 1758", "faName": "", "enName": "Cape Hare", "otherCommonNames": [ "Arabian Hare", "East African Hare", "South African Hare" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Lagomorpha", "suborder": null, "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Leporidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Lepus capensis", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033869", "nominalNames": [ "capensis Linnaeus, 1758", "aegyptius É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803", "aegyptiacus G. Fischer, 1814 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "egyptius Rafinesque, 1817 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "isabella Anonymous, 1825 [nomen nudum]", "arenarius I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826", "isabellinus Cretzschmar, 1828", "aethiopicus Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833", "arabicus Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833", "sinaiticus Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833", "ochropus J. A. Wagner, 1844", "major Grill, 1860", "salae Jentink, 1880", "omanensis O. Thomas, 1894", "hawkeri O. Thomas, 1901", "innesi de Winton, 1902", "rothschildi de Winton, 1902", "centralis O. Thomas, 1903", "granti O. Thomas & Schwann, 1904", "aquilo O. Thomas & Wroughton, 1907", "chadensis O. Thomas & Wroughton, 1907", "hauheri Lydekker, 1908 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "kalaharicus Dollman, 1910", "tingitanus Doumergue, 1917 [nomen nudum]", "abbotti Hollister, 1918", "cheesmani O. Thomas, 1921", "mandatus O. Thomas, 1926", "narranus O. Thomas, 1926", "ochropoides A. Roberts, 1929", "bedfordi A. Roberts, 1932", "ermeloensis A. Roberts, 1932", "hartsensis A. Roberts, 1932", "langi A. Roberts, 1932", "vernayi A. Roberts, 1932", "hartensis Ellerman, Morrison-Scott, & Hayman, 1953 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "salai Ellerman, Morrison-Scott, & Hayman, 1953 [unjustified emendation]", "carpi Lundholm, 1955", "dinderus Setzer, 1956", "atallahi D. L. Harrison, 1972", "jefferyi D. L. Harrison, 1980" ], "subspecies": "_L. c. aegyptius_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 (synonyms: _abbotti_ Hollister, 1918, _chadensis_ Thomas & Wroughton, 1907, _dinderus_ Setzer, 1956); _L. c. aquilo_ Thomas & Wroughton, 1907 (synonyms: _bedfordi_ Roberts, 1932, _ermeloensis_ Roberts, 1932, _hartsensis_ Roberts, 1932, _vernayi_ Roberts, 1932); _L. c. arabicus_ Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 (synonyms: _atallahi_ Harrison, 1972, _cheesmani_ Thomas, 1921, _jefferyi_ Harrison, 1980, _omanensis_ Thomas, 1894); _L. c. capensis_ Linnaeus, 1758 (synonyms: _arenarius_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826, _centralis_ Thomas, 1903, _ochropoides_ Roberts, 1929, _ochropus_ Wagner, 1844); _L. c. carpi_ Lundholm, 1955 (synonyms: _salae_ Jentink, 1880); _L. c. granti_ Thomas & Schwann, 1904 (synonyms: _kalaharicus_ Dollman, 1910, _langi_ Roberts, 1932, _major_ Grill, 1860, _mandatus_ Thomas, 1926, _narranus_ Thomas, 1926); _L. c. hawkeri_ Thomas, 1901; _L. c. isabellinus_ Cretzschmar, 1828 (synonyms: _aethiopicus_ Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833, _isabella_ Anonymous, 1825); _L. c. sinaiticus_ Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 (synonyms: _innesi_ de Winton, 1902, _rothschildi_ de Winton, 1902)", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included L. mediterraneus, L. schlumbergeri, and populations now attributed to L. saharae; populations in North and West Africa from northwestern Egypt to Morocco, Mali, and Mauritania, as well as Sardinia, are now attributed to these three species, but populations from other parts of Egypt, eastern Africa, and Asia are tentatively retained under L. capensis until further taxonomic work is done, since they likely also represent distinct species or synonyms of other species (L. mediterraneus may include more east African populations, while Asian populations appear to be similar to L. tolai or L. oiostolus); it is likely that true L. capensis only exists in Southern Africa", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Soria-Boix, C., Donat-Torres, M.P., Rguibi Idrissi, H. and Urios, V. 2019. Evolutionary ecology of hares (_Lepus_ spp.) from northwest Africa: the existence of cryptic species and description of a new species (_Lepus saharae_ sp. nov.). Evolutionary Ecology Research 20:537-555. a#62860" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "\"ad Cap. b. Spei [= Cape of Good Hope],\" South Africa.", "latitude": "-34.35811", "longitude": "18.47193" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Bahrain", "Botswana", "Chad", "Cyprus", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Lesotho", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tanzania", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Zimbabwe" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Bahrain", "Botswana", "Chad", "Cyprus", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Kuwait", "Lesotho", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tanzania", "Uganda", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Zimbabwe" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Lepus capensis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Lepus capensis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0127", "mddId": "1001090", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001090", "phylosort": 20, "order": "Lagomorpha", "family": "Leporidae", "scientificName": "Lepus europaeus", "genus": "Lepus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "europaeus", "authority": "Pallas, 1778", "faName": "خرگوش اروپایی", "enName": "European Hare", "otherCommonNames": [ "Brown Hare", "European Brown Hare" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Lagomorpha", "suborder": null, "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Leporidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Lepus europaeus", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1778. Fasciculus I. Pp. 1–70 in Pallas, P.S. 1778-1779. Novae species quadrupedum e glirium ordine cum illustrationibus variis complurium ex hoc ordine animalium. Wolfgang Walther, Erlangen, 388 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15494839", "nominalNames": [ "europaeus Pallas, 1778", "melinus Kerr, 1792", "albus Bechstein, 1801", "flavus Bechstein, 1801", "niger Bechstein, 1801 [preoccupied]", "medius S. Nilsson, 1820", "hybridus A. G. Desmarest, 1822 [preoccupied]", "caspicus Ehrenberg, 1833", "syriacus Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1833", "aquilonius J. H. Blasius, 1842", "pyrenaicus J. E. Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum", "not used as valid]", "hyemalis Eversmann, 1850 [nomen nudum]", "meridionalis P. Gervais, 1850 [nomen nudum]", "tumac Eversmann, 1850 [variety or form]", "campicola P. Gervais, 1859 [nomen nudum", "not used as valid]", "cinereus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]", "coronatus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]", "judaeae (J. E. Gray, 1867)", "maculatus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]", "nigricans Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]", "rufus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]", "campestris Bogdanov, 1871 [preoccupied]", "argenteogrisea König-Warthausen, 1875 [infrasubspecific]", "tumak Tikhomirov & Korchagin, 1889", "judeae Trouessart, 1897 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "occidentalis de Winton, 1898", "typicus de Winton, 1898 [nomen novum]", "transsylvanicus Matschie, 1901", "creticus Barrett-Hamilton, 1903", "cyprius Barrett-Hamilton, 1903", "parnassius G. S. Miller, 1903", "caspius Trouessart, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "cyprinus Lyon, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "transylvanicus Lyon, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "cyrensis Satunin, 1905", "karpathorum Hilzheimer, 1906", "meridiei Hilzheimer, 1906", "pyrenaicus Hilzheimer, 1906", "transsylvaticus Hilzheimer, 1906 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "typicus Hilzheimer, 1908 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "rhodius Festa, 1914", "connori H. C. Robinson, 1918", "tesquorum Ognev & Vorob'yev, 1923", "ghigii De Beaux, 1927", "carpathous De Beaux, 1929", "caucasicus Ognev, 1929", "kalmykorum Ognev, 1929 [infrasubspecific]", "ponticus Ognev, 1929 [infrasubspecific]", "iranensis G. G. Goodwin, 1939", "lencoranicus Ognev, 1940 [infrasubspecific]", "turgaicus Ognev, 1940 [infrasubspecific]", "niethammeri Wettstein-Westersheim, 1943", "borealis Bobrinski, Kuznetsov, & Kuzyakin, 1944 [preoccupied]", "biarmicus Heptner, 1948 [nomen novum]", "gureevi Gromov, 1952", "orientalis Stroganov & Yudin, 1956", "cyanotis Blanchard, 1957", "astaricus Baloutch, 1979", "euxinicus Averianov, 1994", "cyanotus R. S. Hoffmann & A. T. Smith, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "ghigi R. S. Hoffmann & A. T. Smith, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "mursalogluae Albayrak & Demirbaş, 2019" ], "subspecies": "_L. e. aquilonius_ Blasius, 1842 (synonyms: _biarmicus_ Гептнер, 1948, _borealis_ Бобринский, Кузнецов & Кузякин, 1944, _campestris_ Bogdanov, 1871, _hybridus_ Desmarest, 1822, _hyemalis_ Eversmann, 1850, _tesquorum_ Огнёв & Воробьев, 1923, _tumac_ Eversmann, 1850, _tumak_ Tikhomirov & Korchagin, 1889); _L. e. carpathous_ De Beaux, 1929; _L. e. caspicus_ Ehrenberg, 1833 (synonyms: _kalmykorum_ Огнёв, 1929, _turgaicus_ Огнёв, 1940); _L. e. connori_ Robinson, 1918 (synonyms: _astaricus_ Baloutch, 1979, _iranensis_ Goodwin, 1939); _L. e. creticus_ Barrett-Hamilton, 1903; _L. e. cyprius_ Barrett-Hamilton, 1903; _L. e. cyrensis_ Сатунин, 1905 (synonyms: _caucasicus_ Огнёв, 1929, _ghigii_ De Beaux, 1927, _lencoranicus_ Огнёв, 1940); _L. e. europaeus_ Pallas, 1778 (synonyms: _albus_ Bechstein, 1801, _argenteogrisea_ König-Warthausen, 1875, _cyanotis_ Blanchard, 1957, _flavus_ Bechstein, 1801, _niger_ Bechstein, 1801, _pyrenaicus_ Gray, 1843, _pyrenaicus_ Hilzheimer, 1906, _typicus_ de Winton, 1898); _L. e. euxinicus_ Аверьянов, 1994 (fossil); _L. e. gureevi_ Громов, 1952 (fossil); _L. e. judaeae_ (Gray, 1867); _L. e. karpathorum_ Hilzheimer, 1906; _L. e. medius_ Nilsson, 1820 (synonyms: _typicus_ Hilzheimer, 1908); _L. e. mursalogluae_ Albayrak & Demirbaş, 2019; _L. e. occidentalis_ de Winton, 1898; _L. e. orientalis_ Строганов & Юдин, 1956; _L. e. parnassius_ Miller, 1903 (synonyms: _niethammeri_ Wettstein-Westersheim, 1943); _L. e. rhodius_ Festa, 1914; _L. e. syriacus_ Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833; _L. e. transsylvanicus_ Matschie, 1901", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "type locality not given. Restricted by É.-L. Trouessart in 1910 to \"Poland.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan", "China?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan", "China?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Lepus europaeus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Lepus europaeus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0128", "mddId": "1001107", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001107", "phylosort": 20, "order": "Lagomorpha", "family": "Leporidae", "scientificName": "Lepus tolai", "genus": "Lepus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "tolai", "authority": "Pallas, 1778", "faName": "", "enName": "Tolai Hare", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Lagomorpha", "suborder": null, "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Leporidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Lepus tolai", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1778. Fasciculus I. Pp. 1–70 in Pallas, P.S. 1778-1779. Novae species quadrupedum e glirium ordine cum illustrationibus variis complurium ex hoc ordine animalium. Wolfgang Walther, Erlangen, 388 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15494826", "nominalNames": [ "tolai Pallas, 1778", "aralensis Severtzov, 1861 [nomen nudum]", "lehmanni Severtzov, 1873", "butlerowi Bogdanov, 1882 [nomen nudum]", "kessleri Bogdanov, 1882 [nomen nudum]", "swinhoei O. Thomas, 1894", "centrasiaticus Satunin, 1907", "gansuicus Satunin, 1907", "gobicus Satunin, 1907", "zaisanicus Satunin, 1907", "filchneri Matschie, 1908", "stegmanni Matschie, 1908", "subluteus O. Thomas, 1908", "brevinasus J. A. Allen, 1909 [not used as valid]", "aurigineus Hollister, 1912", "quercerus Hollister, 1912", "sowerbyae Hollister, 1912", "bucharensis Ognev, 1922 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "buchariensis Ognev, 1922", "wongi Yang Zhongjian, 1927", "desertorum Ognev & Heptner, 1928", "turcomanus Heptner, 1934", "cinnamomeus Shamel, 1940", "cheybani Baloutch, 1979", "habibi Baloutch, 1979", "petteri Baloutch, 1979", "huangshuiensis Luo Zexun, 1982" ], "subspecies": "_L. t. aurigineus_ Hollister, 1912; _L. t. buchariensis_ Огнёв, 1922 (synonyms: _desertorum_ Огнёв & Гептнер, 1928, _habibi_ Baloutch, 1979); _L. t. centrasiaticus_ Сатунин, 1907 (synonyms: _gansuicus_ Сатунин, 1907); _L. t. cheybani_ Baloutch, 1979 (synonyms: _petteri_ Baloutch, 1979); _L. t. cinnamomeus_ Shamel, 1940; _L. t. filchneri_ Matschie, 1908 (synonyms: _brevinasus_ Allen, 1909, _sowerbyae_ Hollister, 1912, _subluteus_ Thomas, 1908); _L. t. lehmanni_ Северцов, 1873 (synonyms: _aralensis_ Северцов, 1861, _quercerus_ Hollister, 1912, _turcomanus_ Гептнер, 1934, _zaisanicus_ Сатунин, 1907); _L. t. swinhoei_ Thomas, 1894 (synonyms: _stegmanni_ Matschie, 1908); _L. t. tolai_ Pallas, 1778 (synonyms: _butlerowi_ Bogdanov, 1882, _gobicus_ Сатунин, 1907, _huangshuiensis_ Luo, 1982, _kessleri_ Bogdanov, 1882); _L. t. wongi_ Yang, 1927 (fossil)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Caeterum in montibus aprecis campisque rupestribus vel arenosis circa Selengam…\" Restricted by S. I. Ognev in 1940 to \"valley of the Selenga River,\" Russia. Redefined by J. R. Ellerman and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott in 1951 to \"Adinscholo Mountain, near Tchinden [Chinden = Chindant], on Borsja [= Boriya] River, a tributary of the Onon River, Eastern Siberia.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Lepus tolai", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Lepus tolai", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0129", "mddId": "1001175", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001175", "phylosort": 20, "order": "Lagomorpha", "family": "Ochotonidae", "scientificName": "Ochotona rufescens", "genus": "Ochotona", "subgenus": "Conothoa", "specificEpithet": "rufescens", "authority": "(J. E. Gray, 1842)", "faName": "پیکای افغانی", "enName": "Afghan Pika", "otherCommonNames": [ "Kopet Dag Afghan Pika", "Shurukov's Afghan Pika" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Lagomorpha", "suborder": null, "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Ochotonidae", "subfamily": "Ochotoninae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Lagomys rufescens", "authorityCitation": "Gray, J.E. 1842-12-01. Descriptions of some new genera and fifty unrecorded species of Mammalia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1)10(65):255-267.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2324290", "nominalNames": [ "rufescens (J. E. Gray, 1842)", "regina O. Thomas, 1911", "vulturna O. Thomas, 1920", "shukurovi Heptner, 1961", "shukurovoi R. S. Hoffmann & A. T. Smith, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "vulturina R. S. Hoffmann & A. T. Smith, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": "_O. r. regina_ Thomas, 1911 (synonyms: _shukurovi_ Гептнер, 1961); _O. r. rufescens_ (Gray, 1842) (synonyms: _vulturna_ Thomas, 1920)", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included O. vizier", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mohammadi, Z., Ghorbani, F., Aliabadian, M., Lissovsky, A.A., Yazdani Moghaddam, F. and Olsson, U. 2022. Multilocus phylogeny reveals habitat driven cryptic diversity in _Ochotona rufescens_ (Ochotonidae). Zoologica Scripta 51(6):617-628. doi:10.1111/zsc.12564" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1844.10.30.3, BMNH:Mamm:1844.9.15.9", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/40af7c65-125b-42d0-9a26-0cc3e18d67b3", "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/515811a9-a32b-47f0-b114-3238476f9597" ], "locality": "\"India, Cabul, Rocky Hills near Baker Tomb, at about 6000 or 8000 feet elevation,\" Kabul, Afghanistan.", "latitude": "34.5031", "longitude": "69.1596" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Pakistan", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Pakistan", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Ochotona rufescens", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Ochotona rufescens", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0130", "mddId": "1006648", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006648", "phylosort": 20, "order": "Lagomorpha", "family": "Ochotonidae", "scientificName": "Ochotona vizier", "genus": "Ochotona", "subgenus": "Conothoa", "specificEpithet": "vizier", "authority": "O. Thomas, 1911", "faName": "", "enName": "Iranian Pika", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Lagomorpha", "suborder": null, "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Ochotonidae", "subfamily": "Ochotoninae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Ochotona rufescens vizier", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1911-12-01. New mammals from Central and Western Asia, mostly collected by Mr. Douglas Carruthers. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)8(48):758-762.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15617575", "nominalNames": [ "vizier O. Thomas, 1911" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from O. rufescens", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mohammadi, Z., Ghorbani, F., Aliabadian, M., Lissovsky, A.A., Yazdani Moghaddam, F. and Olsson, U. 2022. Multilocus phylogeny reveals habitat driven cryptic diversity in _Ochotona rufescens_ (Ochotonidae). Zoologica Scripta 51(6):617-628. doi:10.1111/zsc.12564" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1874.11.21.5", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/b94ef7d8-db5f-4e38-bee7-a2ab8f4f2bca" ], "locality": "\"Central Persia... Koh-rud north of Isfahan, Alt. 9000',\" Iran.", "latitude": "33.62", "longitude": "51.43" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0131", "mddId": "1006125", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006125", "phylosort": 26, "order": "Perissodactyla", "family": "Equidae", "scientificName": "Equus hemionus", "genus": "Equus", "subgenus": "Hemionus", "specificEpithet": "hemionus", "authority": "Pallas, 1775", "faName": "گور ایرانی (خرگور)", "enName": "Onager", "otherCommonNames": [ "Asian Wild Ass", "Gobi Kulan", "Mongolian Kulan", "Persian Onager", "Syrian Onager" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": true, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Laurasiatheria", "order": "Perissodactyla", "suborder": "Hippomorpha", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Equidae", "subfamily": "Equinae", "tribe": "Equini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Equus hemionus", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1775. _Equus hemionus_, mongolis dshikketaei dictus. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19:394-417.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36977072", "nominalNames": [ "hemionus Pallas, 1775", "ferus Erxleben, 1777", "hemionius N. G. Leske, 1779 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "hemionos Boddaert, 1785", "onager Boddaert, 1785", "khur Lesson, 1827", "hamar (C. H. Smith, 1841)", "hemippus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1855", "indicus (P. L. Sclater, 1862) [nomen nudum]", "indicus George, 1869 [preoccupied]", "syriacus H. Milne-Edwards, 1869", "dzigguetai (J. G. Wood, 1872)", "typicus W. L. Sclater, 1891 [nomen novum]", "castaneus Lydekker, 1904", "bedfordi Matschie, 1911", "finschi Matschie, 1911", "luteus Matschie, 1911", "bahram (Pocock, 1947)", "blanfordi (Pocock, 1947)", "kulan (Groves & Mazák, 1967)" ], "subspecies": "_E. h. blanfordi_ (Pocock, 1947); _E. h. hemionus_ Pallas, 1775 (synonyms: _castaneus_ Lydekker, 1904, _finschi_ Matschie, 1911, _hemionos_ Boddaert, 1785, _typicus_ Sclater, 1891); _E. h. hemippus_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1855 (synonyms: _syriacus_ Milne-Edwards, 1869); _E. h. khur_ Lesson, 1827 (synonyms: _indicus_ (Sclater, 1862), _indicus_ George, 1869); _E. h. kulan_ (Groves & Mazák, 1967); _E. h. luteus_ Matschie, 1911 (synonyms: _bedfordi_ Matschie, 1911); _E. h. onager_ Boddaert, 1785 (synonyms: _bahram_ (Pocock, 1947), _dzigguetai_ (Wood, 1872), _ferus_ Erxleben, 1777, _hamar_ (Smith, 1841))", "taxonomyNotes": "includes hemippus and khur, which were considered distinct by Groves & Grubb 2011; for additional information regarding the MDD's decision to not follow the Groves & Grubb 2011 Ungulate Taxonomy, see 'Subjective decisions' on the 'About' tab", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Groves, C.P. and Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 309 pp. doi:10.56021/9781421400938" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "untraced (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "North-eastern boundary of Mongolia with Russia, Transbaikalia, S. Chitinsk, 50° N, 115° E.", "latitude": "50.2", "longitude": "115" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "China", "India", "Iran", "Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Mongolia", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Pakistan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "China", "India", "Iran", "Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Mongolia", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Pakistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Equus hemionus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Equus hemionus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0132", "mddId": "1002017", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002017", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Calomyscidae", "scientificName": "Calomyscus bailwardi", "genus": "Calomyscus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "bailwardi", "authority": "O. Thomas, 1905", "faName": "", "enName": "Zagros Mountains Brush-tailed Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Zagros Mountains Calomyscus", "Zagros Mountains Mouse-like Hamster" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Calomyscidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Calomyscus bailwardi", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1905-12-12. Mr. Oldfield Thomas, F.R.S,, read a paper on a collection of Mammals which had been obtained by Col. A. C. Bailward during a shooting-trip through Persia and Armenia during the past summer. Abstracts of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 24:22-23.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31208104", "nominalNames": [ "bailwardi O. Thomas, 1905" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1905.10.4.68", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/bae97b3a-b186-4736-9554-ba21f3ac9a08" ], "locality": "\"Mala-i-Mir, 70 mi. N.E. of Ahwaz, 4300' [= 1311 m],\" SW Persia. Modified by G. G. Musser and M. D. Carleton in 2005 to \"Mala-i-Mir (= Izeh), 120 km SE Ahwaz (= Ahaz), Zagros Mtns., Eastern Khuzistan Province, WC Iran.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Turkey?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Turkey?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Calomyscus bailwardi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Calomyscus bailwardi", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0133", "mddId": "1006688", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006688", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Calomyscidae", "scientificName": "Calomyscus behzadi", "genus": "Calomyscus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "behzadi", "authority": "Akbarirad, Dezhman, M. Aliabadian, Siahsarvie, Shafaeipour, & Mirshamsi in Dezhman, Akbarirad, M. Aliabadian, Siahsarvie, Shafaeipour, & Mirshamsi, 2021", "faName": "", "enName": "Behzad's Brush-tailed Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Calomyscidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Calomyscus behzadi", "authorityCitation": "Dezhman, M., Akbarirad, S., Aliabadian, M., Siahsarvie, R., Shafaeipour, A. and Mirshamsi, O. 2021-11-15. A new species of _Calomyscus_ Thomas, 1905 (Calomyscidae: Rodentia) from western Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 45(7):585-593.", "authorityLink": "https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2101-22", "nominalNames": [ "behzadi Akbarirad, Dezhman, M. Aliabadian, Siahsarvie, Shafaeipour, & Mirshamsi in Dezhman, Akbarirad, M. Aliabadian, Siahsarvie, Shafaeipour, & Mirshamsi, 2021" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "recently described", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Dezhman, M., Akbarirad, S., Aliabadian, M., Siahsarvie, R., Shafaeipour, A. and Mirshamsi, O. 2021. A new species of _Calomyscus_ Thomas, 1905 (Calomyscidae: Rodentia) from western Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 45(7):585-593. doi:10.3906/zoo-2101-22" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMF 5383", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"IRAN: Ghalarang Mountains, 11 km to the north of Ilam, Ilam province (33.63°N, 46.53° E), 2473 m.\"", "latitude": "33.63", "longitude": "46.53" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0134", "mddId": "1006843", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006843", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Calomyscidae", "scientificName": "Calomyscus darvishi", "genus": "Calomyscus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "darvishi", "authority": "Rezazadeh, Zali, Ahmadzadeh, Siahsarvie, & M. Aliabadian in Rezazadeh, Zali, Ahmadzadeh, Siahsarvie, Kilpatrick, R. W. Norris, & M. Aliabadian, 2024", "faName": "", "enName": "Darvish's Brush-tailed Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Calomyscidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Calomyscus darvishi", "authorityCitation": "Rezazadeh, E., Zali, H., Ahmadzadeh, F., Siahsarvie, R., Kilpatrick, C.W., Norris, R.W. and Aliabadian, M. 2024-03-05. Two new species of brush-tailed mouse, genus _Calomyscus_ (Rodentia: Calomyscidae), from the Iranian Plateau. Journal of Mammalogy 105(3):589-608.", "authorityLink": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyad116", "nominalNames": [ "darvishi Rezazadeh, Zali, Ahmadzadeh, Siahsarvie, & M. Aliabadian in Rezazadeh, Zali, Ahmadzadeh, Siahsarvie, Kilpatrick, R. W. Norris, & M. Aliabadian, 2024" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "recently described", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Rezazadeh, E., Zali, H., Ahmadzadeh, F., Siahsarvie, R., Kilpatrick, C.W., Norris, R.W. and Aliabadian, M. 2024. Two new species of brush-tailed mouse, genus _Calomyscus_ (Rodentia: Calomyscidae), from the Iranian Plateau. Journal of Mammalogy 105(3):589-608. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyad116" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMF 5282", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"20 Km north of Fereydun Shahr, Isfahan Province (32°59ʹN, 50°06ʹE), 2,800 m (a.s.l.) in the central Zagros Mountains, collected in July 2016 by H. Zali.\"", "latitude": "32.983333333333334", "longitude": "50.1" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0135", "mddId": "1002019", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002019", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Calomyscidae", "scientificName": "Calomyscus elburzensis", "genus": "Calomyscus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "elburzensis", "authority": "G. G. Goodwin, 1939", "faName": "", "enName": "Goodwin's Brush-tailed Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Elburz Vesper Mouse", "Goodwin's Calomyscus", "Goodwin's Mouse-like Hamster", "Goodwin's Mouse-tailed Hamster" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Calomyscidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Calomyscus elburzensis", "authorityCitation": "Goodwin, G.G. 1939-12-01. Five new rodents from the eastern Elburz Mountains and a new race of hare from Teheran. American Museum Novitates 1050:1-5.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/170770", "nominalNames": [ "elburzensis G. G. Goodwin, 1939", "firiusaensis Meyyer & Malikov, 2000", "zykovi Meyyer & Malikov, 2000", "isatissus Akbarirad, Darvish, & M. Aliabadian, 2016" ], "subspecies": "_C. e. elburzensis_ Goodwin, 1939; _C. e. isatissus_ Akbarirad, Darvish & Aliabadian, 2016; _C. e. zykovi_ Мейер & Маликов, 2000", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "AMNH M-88838", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "http://portal.vertnet.org/o/amnh/mammals?id=urn-catalog-amnh-mammals-m-88838" ], "locality": "\"Degermatie [= Dergermatie], Kurkhud Mountains, district of Bujnurd, [North Khorasan Province,] Iran; alt. 4000 feet [= 1219 m].\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Calomyscus elburzensis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Calomyscus elburzensis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0136", "mddId": "1002020", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002020", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Calomyscidae", "scientificName": "Calomyscus grandis", "genus": "Calomyscus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "grandis", "authority": "Schlitter & Setzer, 1973", "faName": "", "enName": "Noble Brush-tailed Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Noble Calomyscus", "Noble Mouse-tailed Hamster" ], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Calomyscidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Calomyscus bailwardi grandis", "authorityCitation": "Schlitter, D.A. and Setzer, H.W. 1973-05-31. New rodents (Mammalia: Cricetidae, Muridae) from Iran and Pakistan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 86:163-174.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34560313", "nominalNames": [ "grandis Schlitter & Setzer, 1973" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "USNM:MAMM:369548", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3ba70911c-ca2d-4458-bccf-110871b7b31a" ], "locality": "\"11 km ENE Fasham, Teheran Prov., Iran.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Calomyscus grandis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Calomyscus grandis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0137", "mddId": "1002021", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002021", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Calomyscidae", "scientificName": "Calomyscus hotsoni", "genus": "Calomyscus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "hotsoni", "authority": "O. Thomas, 1920", "faName": "", "enName": "Hotson's Brush-tailed Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Hotson's Calomyscus", "Hotson's Mouse-like Hamster", "Hotson's Mouse-tailed Hamster" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Calomyscidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Calomyscus hotsoni", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1920-01-31. Scientific results from the Mamal Survey. No. XXI. B.—Two new species of _Calomyscus_. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 26(4):938-940.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2050600", "nominalNames": [ "hotsoni O. Thomas, 1920" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1919.11.7.63", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/251d593c-8a63-4293-a8cb-93b3600e53fc" ], "locality": "\"Gwambuk Kaul, about 30 miles [= 48 Km] S. W. of Panjgur, 2,700' [= 823 m],\" Makran District, W Balochistan, SW Pakistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Pakistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Pakistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Calomyscus hotsoni", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Calomyscus hotsoni", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0138", "mddId": "1006766", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006766", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Calomyscidae", "scientificName": "Calomyscus kermanensis", "genus": "Calomyscus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "kermanensis", "authority": "Dezhman, Akbarirad, M. Aliabadian, Siahsarvie, Shafaeipour, & Mirshamsi, 2023", "faName": "", "enName": "Kerman Brush-tailed Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Calomyscidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Calomyscus kermanensis", "authorityCitation": "Dezhman, M., Akbarirad, S., Aliabadian, M., Siahsarvie, R., Shafaeipour, A. and Mirshamsi, O. 2023. A new species of brush-tailed mice of the genus _Calomyscus_ from southern Iran (Calomyscidae: Rodentia). Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 19(1):71-101.", "authorityLink": "https://doi.org/10.22067/ijab.2023.79456.1045", "nominalNames": [ "kermanensis Dezhman, Akbarirad, M. Aliabadian, Siahsarvie, Shafaeipour, & Mirshamsi, 2023" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "recently described", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Dezhman, M., Akbarirad, S., Aliabadian, M., Siahsarvie, R., Shafaeipour, A. and Mirshamsi, O. 2023. A new species of brush-tailed mice of the genus _Calomyscus_ from southern Iran (Calomyscidae: Rodentia). Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 19(1):71-101. doi:10.22067/ijab.2023.79456.1045" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMF 5406", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Sirch region of Kerman province (Fig. 8J), Iran (30°11'60\"N, 57°32'60\"E), Elevation of 1862 m.\"", "latitude": "30.2", "longitude": "57.55" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0139", "mddId": "1006844", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006844", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Calomyscidae", "scientificName": "Calomyscus kiabii", "genus": "Calomyscus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "kiabii", "authority": "Rezazadeh, Ahmadzadeh, & M. Aliabadian in Rezazadeh, Zali, Ahmadzadeh, Siahsarvie, Kilpatrick, R. W. Norris, & M. Aliabadian, 2024", "faName": "", "enName": "Atropatene Brush-tailed Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Calomyscidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Calomyscus kiabii", "authorityCitation": "Rezazadeh, E., Zali, H., Ahmadzadeh, F., Siahsarvie, R., Kilpatrick, C.W., Norris, R.W. and Aliabadian, M. 2024-03-05. Two new species of brush-tailed mouse, genus _Calomyscus_ (Rodentia: Calomyscidae), from the Iranian Plateau. Journal of Mammalogy 105(3):589-608.", "authorityLink": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyad116", "nominalNames": [ "kiabii Rezazadeh, Ahmadzadeh, & M. Aliabadian in Rezazadeh, Zali, Ahmadzadeh, Siahsarvie, Kilpatrick, R. W. Norris, & M. Aliabadian, 2024" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "recently described", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Rezazadeh, E., Zali, H., Ahmadzadeh, F., Siahsarvie, R., Kilpatrick, C.W., Norris, R.W. and Aliabadian, M. 2024. Two new species of brush-tailed mouse, genus _Calomyscus_ (Rodentia: Calomyscidae), from the Iranian Plateau. Journal of Mammalogy 105(3):589-608. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyad116" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMF 5133", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Iran, West Azerbaijan Province, Piranshahr, 1,647 m (a.s.l.) (UTM S38-514858-4078246; 36°51ʹN, 45°10ʹE).\"", "latitude": "36.85", "longitude": "45.166667" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0140", "mddId": "1002022", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002022", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Calomyscidae", "scientificName": "Calomyscus mystax", "genus": "Calomyscus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "mystax", "authority": "Kashkarov, 1925", "faName": "", "enName": "Great Balkhan Brush-tailed Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Afghan Mouse-like Hamster", "Great Balkhan Calomyscus", "Great Balkhan Mouse-tailed Hamster" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Calomyscidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Calomyscus mystax", "authorityCitation": "Kashkarov, D.N. 1925. Материалы к познанию грызунов Туркестана. Труды Туркестанского научного общества 2:43-56.", "authorityLink": "https://books.google.com/books?id=8He9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA43-IA3", "nominalNames": [ "mystax Kashkarov, 1925" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Bashi-Mugur, Big Balkhan Mts., SW Turkmenistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan", "Afghanistan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan", "Afghanistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Calomyscus mystax", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Calomyscus mystax", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0141", "mddId": "1002024", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002024", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Calomyscidae", "scientificName": "Calomyscus urartensis", "genus": "Calomyscus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "urartensis", "authority": "Vorontsov & Kartavtseva in Vorontsov, Kartavtseva, & Potapova, 1979", "faName": "", "enName": "Urar Brush-tailed Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Iranian Long-tailed Hamster", "Persian Hamster", "Urar Calomyscus", "Urar Mouse-tailed Hamster", "Urartsk Mouse-like Hamster" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Calomyscidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Calomyscus urartensis", "authorityCitation": "Vorontsov, N.N., Kartavtseva, I.V. and Potapova, Ye.G. 1979. Систематика мышевидных хомячков рода _Calomyscus_ (Cricetidae). 1. Кариологическая дифференциация видов-двойников из Закавказья и Туркмении и обзор видов рода _Calomyscus_. Зоологический Журнал 58(8):1213-1224.", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "urartensis Vorontsov & Kartavtseva in Vorontsov, Kartavtseva, & Potapova, 1979" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZIN S. 72755", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "7 Km N Dzhul'ta, Alindzhachai River, Nakhichevanskaya, Azerbaijan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Turkey?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Turkey?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Calomyscus urartensis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Calomyscus urartensis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0142", "mddId": "1002037", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002037", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Arvicola amphibius", "genus": "Arvicola", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "amphibius", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "", "enName": "Eurasian Water Vole", "otherCommonNames": [ "European Water Vole", "Water Vole" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Arvicolina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus amphibius", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033872", "nominalNames": [ "amphibius (Linnaeus, 1758)", "terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758)", "paludosus (Linnaeus, 1771)", "minor (Leske, 1779) [preoccupied]", "maculatus (J. F. Gmelin, 1788)", "niger (J. F. Gmelin, 1788)", "Shermann (Bechstein, 1801) [not intended as a scientific name", "incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "albus (Bechstein, 1801) [preoccupied]", "canus (Bechstein, 1801)", "scherman (G. K. Shaw, 1801)", "shermann (Bechstein, 1801) [not intended as a scientific name", "not used as valid]", "schermaus (Hermann, 1804) [not intended as a scientific name]", "aquaticus (F. Cuvier, 1817) [nomen novum]", "schermaus (F. Cuvier, 1817)", "argentoratensis A. G. Desmarest, 1822", "aquaticus (Billberg, 1827) [preoccupied]", "ater (Billberg, 1827)", "littoralis (Billberg, 1827)", "buffonii (J. B. Fischer, 1829)", "ater W. MacGillivray, 1832 [preoccupied]", "major zu Münster, 1833 [nomen nudum]", "monticola de Sélys-Longchamps, 1838", "albus Lesson, 1842 [nomen nudum]", "americanus J. E. Gray, 1842", "fossilis Lesson, 1842 [nomen nudum]", "albomaculatus de Sélys-Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum", "infrasubspecific]", "albomaculatus de Sélys-Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum", "infrasubspecific]", "albus de Sélys-Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum", "infrasubspecific]", "albus de Sélys-Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum", "infrasubspecific]", "albus de Sélys-Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum", "infrasubspecific]", "castaneus de Sélys-Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum]", "major de Sélys-Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum]", "niger de Sélys-Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum]", "nigricans de Sélys-Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum]", "antiquus A. Pomel, 1852", "amphybius De Filippi, 1865 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "nigrofuscus (Fitzinger, 1867) [nomen nudum]", "aquatilis (König-Warthausen, 1875) [not used as valid]", "fossilis Roger, 1882 [nomen nudum]", "fossilis Roger, 1882 [nomen nudum]", "illyricus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1899)", "rufescens (Satunin, 1908) [preoccupied]", "abbotti Hinton, 1910", "exilis Lydekker, 1910 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "exitus G. S. Miller, 1910", "reta G. S. Miller, 1910 [nomen novum]", "pallasii Ognev, 1913 [infrasubspecific]", "scythicus O. Thomas, 1914", "meridionalis Ognev, 1922", "tauricus Ognev, 1922", "ognevi Turov, 1926", "abrukensis Reinwaldt, 1927", "djukovi Ognev & Formozov, 1927", "brigantium O. Thomas, 1928", "kuruschi Heptner & Formozov, 1928", "tanaiticus Kalabuchov & Rayevskiy, 1930", "hintoni Aharoni, 1932", "caucasicus Ognev, 1933", "cubanensis Ognev, 1933", "ferrugineus Ognev, 1933 [preoccupied]", "jacutensis Ognev, 1933", "jenissejensis Ognev, 1933", "kuznetzovi Ognev, 1933", "meridionalis Ognev, 1933 [preoccupied]", "tataricus Ognev, 1933", "turovi Ognev, 1933", "variabilis Ognev, 1933", "volgensis Ognev, 1933", "korabensis V. E. Martino & E. V. Martino, 1937", "obensis Egorin, 1939", "uralensis Egorin, 1940 [preoccupied]", "subalpina B. Petrov, 1943 [infrasubspecific]", "barabensis (Heptner, 1948) [nomen novum]", "hyperryphaeus (Heptner, 1948) [nomen novum]", "karatshaicus (Heptner, 1948) [nomen novum]", "cernjavskii B. Petrov, 1949", "martinoi B. Petrov, 1949", "stankovici B. Petrov, 1949", "pallasii Ognev, 1950", "gracilis F. Heller, 1955", "euskaldunensis J. M. Rey, 1976 [unpublished thesis]", "dominici Rădulescu & P. Samson, 1977", "alabugensis Maleyeva & Yel'kin, 1986", "hunasensis Carls, 1986", "malkovi Maleyeva & Yel'kin, 1986", "pallasi Pavlinov & Rossolimo, 1987 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "cantabriae J. Ventura & Gosálbez, 1989", "gutsulius Zagorodnyuk, 2001 [nomen nudum]", "kusnetzovi Borisenko, Vasil'yeva, Verigina, Dunayev, Kalyakin, Koblik, Kruskop, Orlova, Pavlinov, Red'kin, Sazonov, Spasskaya, & Tomkovich, 2001 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "jenissijensis Musser & Carleton, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "sherman Gippoliti, 2013 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "ater (Kryštufek & Shenbrot, 2022) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "previously included A. italicus and A. persicus; monticola (also known as sherman and terrestris) is often considered a distinct species but recent molecular and morphological data support it as a subspecies/synonym of A. amphibius; populations identified as A. amphibius from Azerbaijan were shown to be sister to A. persicus, but these populations may represent a distinct species", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Gippoliti, S. 2012. The name of the Italian water vole _Arvicola_ cf. _amphibius_ (Linnaeus, 1758). Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy 23(2):87-89. a#58853|Kryštufek, B., Koren, T., Engelberger, S., Horváth, G.F., Purger, J.J., Arslan, A., Chişamera, G. and Murariu, D. 2015. Fossorial morphotype does not make a species in water voles. Mammalia 79(3):293-303. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2014-0059|Mahmoudi, A., Maul, L.C., Khoshyar, M., Darvish, J., Aliabadian, M. and Kryštufek, B. 2020. Evolutionary history of water voles revisited: confronting a new phylogenetic model from molecular data with the fossil record. Mammalia 84(2):171-184. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2018-0178|Chevret, P., Renaud, S., Helvaci, Z., Ulrich, R.G., Quéré, J.-P. and Michaux, J.R. 2020. Genetic structure, ecological versatility, and skull shape differentiation in _Arvicola_ water voles (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58(4):1323-1334. doi:10.1111/jzs.12384|Bulycheva, S. V., Markova, E. A., Yalkovskaya, L. E., Nadirli, L. V., & Borodin, A. V. Phylogenetic relationships of water voles (Arvicola, Rodentia) of Azerbaijan according to the cytochrome b gene." }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "England.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Arvicola amphibius", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Arvicola amphibius", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0143", "mddId": "1002040", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002040", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Arvicola persicus", "genus": "Arvicola", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "persicus", "authority": "De Filippi, 1865", "faName": "", "enName": "Persian Water Vole", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Arvicolina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Arvicola amphybius var persica", "authorityCitation": "De Filippi, F. 1865. Note di un viaggio in Persia nel 1862. G. Daelli & C., Milan, 396 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://books.google.com/books?id=nDFEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA344", "nominalNames": [ "persicus De Filippi, 1865", "argyropus (Cabrera, 1901)", "armenius (O. Thomas, 1907)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from A. amphibius; populations identified as A. amphibius from Azerbaijan were shown to be sister to A. persicus, but these populations may represent a distinct species", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mahmoudi, A., Maul, L.C., Khoshyar, M., Darvish, J., Aliabadian, M. and Kryštufek, B. 2020. Evolutionary history of water voles revisited: confronting a new phylogenetic model from molecular data with the fossil record. Mammalia 84(2):171-184. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2018-0178|Chevret, P., Renaud, S., Helvaci, Z., Ulrich, R.G., Quéré, J.-P. and Michaux, J.R. 2020. Genetic structure, ecological versatility, and skull shape differentiation in _Arvicola_ water voles (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58(4):1323-1334. doi:10.1111/jzs.12384|Bulycheva, S. V., Markova, E. A., Yalkovskaya, L. E., Nadirli, L. V., & Borodin, A. V. Phylogenetic relationships of water voles (Arvicola, Rodentia) of Azerbaijan according to the cytochrome b gene." }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MRSN (number not known)", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "Soltaniyeh on the plateau S of the Alborz Mts, Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Arvicola persicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0144", "mddId": "1002133", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002133", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Bramus fuscocapillus", "genus": "Bramus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "fuscocapillus", "authority": "(E. Blyth, 1842)", "faName": "", "enName": "Southern Mole Vole", "otherCommonNames": [ "Afghan Mole Vole", "Quetta Mole Vole" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Ellobiusini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Georychus fuscocapillus", "authorityCitation": "Blyth, E. 1842. Read the following report from the Curator. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11(129):880-891.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40005263", "nominalNames": [ "fuscocapillus (E. Blyth, 1842)", "intermedius (Scully, 1888)", "fuscicapillus (Trouessart, 1897) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "farsistani (Ugarov, 1928)", "legendrei (G. G. Goodwin, 1940)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Ellobius to Bramus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Kryštufek, B. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2022. Voles and Lemmings (Arvicolinae) of the Palaearctic Region. University of Maribor, Maribor. doi:10.18690/um.fnm.2.2022" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Quetta, Baluchistan Region, Pakistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Pakistan", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Pakistan", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Ellobius fuscocapillus", "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Ellobius fuscocapillus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0145", "mddId": "1002134", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002134", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Bramus lutescens", "genus": "Bramus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "lutescens", "authority": "(O. Thomas, 1897)", "faName": "", "enName": "Transcaucasian Mole Vole", "otherCommonNames": [ "Mountain Mole Vole" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Ellobiusini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Ellobius lutescens", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1897-08-31. On two new rodents from Van, Kurdistan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6)20(117):308-310.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27415288", "nominalNames": [ "lutescens (O. Thomas, 1897)", "woosnami (O. Thomas, 1905)", "pedorychus (Bate, 1937)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Ellobius to Bramus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Kryštufek, B. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2022. Voles and Lemmings (Arvicolinae) of the Palaearctic Region. University of Maribor, Maribor. doi:10.18690/um.fnm.2.2022" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1897.6.4.17", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/5609b01a-24f7-4dde-9ca4-390dffd6e31b" ], "locality": "\"Van, [Turkey], alt. 5000 feet [=1524 m].\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Iraq", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Iraq", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Ellobius lutescens", "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Ellobius lutescens", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0146", "mddId": "1002044", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002044", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Chionomys nivalis", "genus": "Chionomys", "subgenus": "Chionomys", "specificEpithet": "nivalis", "authority": "(Martins, 1842)", "faName": "", "enName": "European Snow Vole", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Arvicola nivalis", "authorityCitation": "Martins. 1842. M. Martins adresse un mémoire sur un petit Mammifère du genre _Arvicola_. Revue zoologique par la Société Cuvierienne 1842:331.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14714862", "nominalNames": [ "syriacus (Brants, 1827)", "nivalis (Martins, 1842)", "alpinus (J. A. Wagner, 1843)", "lebrunii (Crespon, 1844)", "nivicola (H. R. Schinz, 1845)", "leucurus (Gerbe, 1852)", "petrophilus (J. A. Wagner, 1853)", "lebruni (Fitzinger, 1867) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "fossilis (Roger, 1887) [not intended as a scientific name]", "aquitanius (G. S. Miller, 1908)", "hermonis (G. S. Miller, 1908)", "pontius (G. S. Miller, 1908)", "ulpius (G. S. Miller, 1908)", "appenninicus Forsyth Major in Giglioli, 1909 [nomen nudum]", "satunini (Shidlovsky, 1919)", "trialeticus (Shidlovsky, 1919)", "malyi (Bolkay, 1925)", "appenninicus (Dal Piaz, 1929)", "mirhanreini (H. Schaefer, 1935)", "abulensis (Agacino, 1936)", "olympius (Neuhäuser, 1936)", "dementievi (Heptner, 1939)", "wagneri V. E. Martino & E. V. Martino, 1940", "radnensis (Éhik, 1942)", "loginovi (Ognev, 1950)", "aleco Paspalev, K. V. Martino, & Peshev, 1952", "cedrorum (Spitzenberger in Felten, Spitzenberger, & Storch, 1973)", "balcanicus Kratochvíl, 1981", "cantabricus Kratochvíl, 1981", "pirinensis Kratochvíl, 1981", "rilensis Kratochvíl, 1981 [infrasubspecific]", "slavianka Kratochvíl, 1981 [infrasubspecific]", "spitzenbergerae Nadachowski, 1990", "layi A. E. Zykov, 2004" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "the name syriacus, previously a synonym of Microtus socialis, has been shown to represent this species and is the oldest available name for the species; however, the name nivalis is used here until further notice, as a case has been submitted to the ICZN to use its plenary power to protect nivalis as changing the name will cause nomenclatural instability", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Kryštufek, B., Shenbrot, G.I. and Janžekovič, F. 2021. Long-standing taxonomic confusion over the identity of _Hypudaeus syriacus_ Brants, 1827, at last resolved. Mammalia 85(6):603-611. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2021-0018|Kryštufek, B. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2022. Voles and Lemmings (Arvicolinae) of the Palaearctic Region. University of Maribor, Maribor. doi:10.18690/um.fnm.2.2022|International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2021. Notice of new applications to the Commission (Case 3858–3862). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 78(3):166. doi:10.21805/bzn.v78.a042" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Faulhorn, Bernese Oberland, Switzerland.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Iran", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Montenegro", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Albania?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Iran", "Italy", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Montenegro", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Albania?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Chionomys nivalis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Chionomys nivalis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0147", "mddId": "1002135", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002135", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Ellobius talpinus", "genus": "Ellobius", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "talpinus", "authority": "(Pallas, 1770)", "faName": "", "enName": "Northern Mole Vole", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Ellobiusini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus talpinus", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1770. Descriptiones quadrupedum et avium anno 1769. observatarum. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14(1):548-592.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36914469", "nominalNames": [ "talpinus (Pallas, 1770)", "minor (Erxleben, 1777) [nomen novum]", "nigrus (Kerr, 1792)", "murinus (Pallas, 1811) [nomen novum]", "rufescens (Eversmann, 1850)", "kashtchenkoi O. Thomas, 1912", "transcaspiae O. Thomas, 1912", "kastschenkoi Vinogradov, 1922 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "orientalis G. M. Allen, 1924", "ciscaucasicus Sviridenko, 1936 [nomen nudum]", "tanaiticus Zubko, 1940" ], "subspecies": "_E. t. kashtchenkoi_ Thomas, 1912; _E. t. orientalis_ Allen, 1924; _E. t. rufescens_ (Eversmann, 1850); _E. t. talpinus_ (Pallas, 1770) (synonyms: _ciscaucasicus_ Свириденко, 1936, _minor_ (Erxleben, 1777), _murinus_ (Pallas, 1811), _tanaiticus_ Zubko, 1940); _E. t. transcaspiae_ Thomas, 1912", "taxonomyNotes": "E. talpinus likely represents a species complex of at least three species, talpinus, rufescens, and orientalis, all three of which are tentatively included under a single species pending further resolution", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Lebedev, V.S., Bogdanov, A., Brandler, O.V., Melnikova, M., Enkhbat, U., Tukhbatullin, A.R., Abramov, A.V., Surov, A., Bakloushinskaya, I.Yu. and Bannikova, A.A. 2020. Cryptic variation in mole voles _Ellobius_ (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) of Mongolia. Zoologica Scripta 49(5):535-548. doi:10.1111/zsc.12440|Kryštufek, B. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2022. Voles and Lemmings (Arvicolinae) of the Palaearctic Region. University of Maribor, Maribor. doi:10.18690/um.fnm.2.2022" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "between Kuibyshev (= Samara) and Kostytchi, W bank of Volga River, Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Ellobius talpinus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Ellobius talpinus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0148", "mddId": "1002209", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002209", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Mesocricetus brandti", "genus": "Mesocricetus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "brandti", "authority": "(Nehring, 1898)", "faName": "", "enName": "Brandt's Golden Hamster", "otherCommonNames": [ "Turkish Hamster", "Brandt's Hamster" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Cricetinae", "tribe": "Mesocricetini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Cricetus Brandti", "authorityCitation": "Nehring, A. 1898-05-16. Über _Cricetus Newtoni_ n. sp. aus Ostbulgarien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 21(559):329-332.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9739304", "nominalNames": [ "brandti (Nehring, 1898)", "koenigi Satunin, 1900" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZIN 195", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [], "locality": "near Tbilisi, Georgia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Russia", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Russia", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Mesocricetus brandti", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Mesocricetus brandti", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0149", "mddId": "1002052", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002052", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus afghanus", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Blanfordimys", "specificEpithet": "afghanus", "authority": "O. Thomas, 1912", "faName": "", "enName": "Afghan Vole", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Microtus (Phaiomys) afghanus", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1912-03-01. Two new Asiatic voles. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)9(51):348-350.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18639106", "nominalNames": [ "afghanus O. Thomas, 1912", "balchanensis Heptner & Shukurov, 1950", "afganensis Agadzhanyan & Yatsenko, 1984 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "dangarinensis Golenishchev & Sablina, 1991" ], "subspecies": "_M. a. afghanus_ Thomas, 1912; _M. a. balchanensis_ Гептнер & Шукуров, 1950; _M. a. dangarinensis_ Голенищев & Саблина, 1991", "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Blanfordimys to Microtus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Liu, S.-y., Jin, W., Liu, Y., Murphy, R.W., Lü, B., Hao, H.-b., Liao, R., Sun, Z.-y., Tang, M.-k., Chen, W.-c. and Fu, J.-r. 2016. Taxonomic position of Chinese voles of the tribe Arvicolini and the description of 2 new species from Xizang, China. Journal of Mammalogy 98(1):166-182. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyw170" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1886.10.15.11", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Golran, Herat, Afghanistan.", "latitude": "35.134036", "longitude": "61.57135" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Microtus afghanus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "oldname match", "msw3SciName": "Blanfordimys afghanus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0150", "mddId": "1002062", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002062", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus daghestanicus", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Terricola", "specificEpithet": "daghestanicus", "authority": "Shidlovsky, 1919", "faName": "", "enName": "Caucasian Pine Vole", "otherCommonNames": [ "Caucasus Pine Vole", "Dagestan Pine Vole" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Microtus (Arbusticola) rubelianus daghestanicus", "authorityCitation": "Raboty Zemskoi Opytnoi Stantsi, vol. 2, 12", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "daghestanicus Shidlovsky, 1919", "intermedius Shidlovsky, 1919 [preoccupied]", "nasarovi (Shidlovsky, 1938)", "suramensis Heptner, 1948 [nomen novum]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "includes nasarovi, which has been recognized as a distinct species in the past; there are multiple molecular genetic clades within M. daghestanicus that may correspond to distinct species but further research is needed", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Gerrie, R. and Kennerley, R. 2016. _Microtus nasarovi_. IUCN. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T13448A22346643.en|Kalkan, K. K., Çetintaş, O., Çolak, F., Yanchukov, A., & Sözen, M. (2026). Phylogeography of Terricola Voles in the Caucasus and Eastern Anatolia, with a New Southernmost Record of Microtus daghestanicus (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Arvicolinae). Zoodiversity, 60(3):245-266. DOI 10.15407/zoo2026.03.245" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "near Khiso, Dagestan, Caucasus Mountains, Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Russia", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Russia", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Microtus daghestanicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Microtus daghestanicus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0151", "mddId": "1002063", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002063", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus dogramacii", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Microtus", "specificEpithet": "dogramacii", "authority": "Kefelioğlu & Kryštufek, 1999", "faName": "", "enName": "Dogramaci's Vole", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Microtus dogramacii", "authorityCitation": "Kefelioğlu, H. and Kryštufek, B. 1999-02-04. The taxonomy of _Microtus socialis_ group (Rodentia: Microtinae) in Turkey, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 33(2):289-303.", "authorityLink": "https://doi.org/10.1080/002229399300425", "nominalNames": [ "dogramacii Kefelioğlu & Kryštufek, 1999", "qazvinensis Golenishchev in Golenishchev, Malikov, Nazari, Vaziri, O. V. Sablina, & A. V. Polyakov, 2003", "elbeyli Yiğit, E. Çolak, & Sözen, 2016" ], "subspecies": "_M. d. dogramacii_ Kefelioğlu & Kryštufek, 1999 (synonyms: _elbeyli_ Yiğit, Çolak & Sözen, 2016); _M. d. qazvinensis_ Голенищев, 2003", "taxonomyNotes": "tentatively includes qazvinensis and the recently described elbeyli (which has also been considered a synonym of M. irani), which may ultimately represent distinct species; also includes individuals in Jordan that were previously identified as M. guentheri, suggesting the species may have a much wider distribution", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mahmoudi, A., Darvish, J. and Aliabadian, M. 2015. Taxonomic identity of _Microtus qazvinensis_ Golenishchev et al. 2003 (Rodentia, Arvicolinae) from the northwest of Iran. Mammal Research 60(1):71-79. doi:10.1007/s13364-014-0205-x|Thanou, E., Paragamian, K. and Lymberakis, P. 2020. Social but lonely: Species delimitation of social voles and the evolutionary history of the only _Microtus_ species living in Africa. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58(1):475-498. doi:10.1111/jzs.12325|Yiğit, N., Çolak, E. and Sözen, M. 2016. A new species of voles, _Microtus elbeyli_ sp. nov., from Turkey with taxonomicoverview of social voles distributed in southeastern Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Zoology 40:73-79. doi:10.3906/zoo-1404-19|Kryštufek, B. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2022. Voles and Lemmings (Arvicolinae) of the Palaearctic Region. University of Maribor, Maribor. doi:10.18690/um.fnm.2.2022" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "OMUS 506", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Boyali köyü, Sulova, Amasya, Turkey.", "latitude": "41.666666666666664", "longitude": "35.6" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Jordan", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Jordan", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Microtus dogramacii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Microtus dogramacii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0152", "mddId": "1002074", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002074", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus irani", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Microtus", "specificEpithet": "irani", "authority": "O. Thomas in Cheesman, 1921", "faName": "", "enName": "Iranian Vole", "otherCommonNames": [ "Persian Vole", "Schidlovsky Pine Vole" ], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "VU", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Microtus irani", "authorityCitation": "Cheesman, R.E. 1921-03-31. Report on a collection of mammals made by Col. J. E. B. Hotson in Shiraz, Persia. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 27(3):573-581.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30359229", "nominalNames": [ "irani O. Thomas in Cheesman, 1921", "darvishi Mahmoudi, Golenishchev, Malikov, A. Arslan, Pavlova, Petrova, & Kryštufek, 2022" ], "subspecies": "_M. i. darvishi_ Mahmoudi, Голенищев, Маликов, Arslan, Pavlova, Petrova & Kryštufek, 2022; _M. i. irani_ Thomas, 1921", "taxonomyNotes": "includes schidlovskii", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Zorenko, T.A., Koren, T. and Kryštufek, B. 2014. Cytochrome _b_ yields new insight into taxonomic scope of _Microtus schidlovskii_ (Rodentia, Arvicolinae, _Microtus_). Russian Journal of Theriology 13(1):47-52. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.13.1.05" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1920.5.20.9", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/18620216-2b05-446e-83e0-bb6771c5c3aa" ], "locality": "\"Bagh-i-Rezi, Shiraz, [Iran]. Alt. 5200' [= 1585 m].\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Microtus irani", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Microtus irani", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0153", "mddId": "1002076", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002076", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus kermanensis", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Microtus", "specificEpithet": "kermanensis", "authority": "de Roguin, 1988", "faName": "", "enName": "Kerman Vole", "otherCommonNames": [ "Balochistan Vole" ], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Microtus kermanensis", "authorityCitation": "Roguin, L. de. 1988. Notes sur quelques mammifères du Baluchistan iranien. Revue suisse de Zoologie 95(2):595-606.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41228873", "nominalNames": [ "kermanensis de Roguin, 1988" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from M. transcaspicus, although it may be a synonym of M. mystacinus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Golenishchev, F.N., Malikov, V.G., Bulatova, N.Sh., Vazari, A.Sh. and Nazari, F. 2000. Some new data on morphology and karyology of Microtus kermanensis (Rodentia, Arvcolinae) and supposed phylogeographic history of the \"Aravaloid\" voles. In: Agadjanian, A.K., and Orlov, V.N. (eds), Systematics and Phylogeny of the Rodents and Lagomorphs, pp. 34-36. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.|Golenishchev, F.N., Malikov, V.G., Petrova, T.V., Bodrov, S.Yu. and Abramson, N.I. 2019. Toward assembling a taxonomic puzzle: Case study of Iranian gray voles of the subgenus _Microtus_ (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Mammalian Biology 94:98-105. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2018.06.007" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MHNG 1686.84", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "30 km south of Kerman, Iran.", "latitude": "29.55", "longitude": "57.31666666666667" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Microtus kermanensis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0154", "mddId": "1002089", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002089", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus mystacinus", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Microtus", "specificEpithet": "mystacinus", "authority": "(De Filippi, 1863)", "faName": "", "enName": "Caspian Gray Vole", "otherCommonNames": [ "Russian Vole", "Sibling Vole", "Southern Vole" ], "endemic": true, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Arvicola mystacinus", "authorityCitation": "De Filippi, F. 1863. Nuove o poco note specie di animali vertebrati raccolte in un viaggio in Persia nell estate dell' anno 41862. Archivio per la zoologia, l'anatomia e la fisiologia 2:377-394.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36255978", "nominalNames": [ "mystacinus (De Filippi, 1863)", "hyrcania G. G. Goodwin, 1940", "khorkoutensis G. G. Goodwin, 1940", "hyrcanus D. E. Wilson, Mittermeier, & Lacher, 2017 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "the name mystacinus was a synonym of M. arvalis, but the name actually applies to this species, which has been included under the names levis (tentatively a synonym of M. arvalis) and M. rossiaemeridionalis, which was recently split into it's own species", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mahmoudi, A., Darvish, J., Aliabadian, M., Khosravi, M., Golenishchev, F.N. and Kryštufek, B. 2014. Chromosomal diversity in the genus _Microtus_ at its southern distributional margin in Iran. Folia Zoologica 63(4):290-295. doi:10.25225/fozo.v63.i4.a8.2014|Mahmoudi, A., Darvish, J., Aliabadian, M., Yazdani Moghaddam, F. and Kryštufek, B. 2017. New insight into the cradle of the grey voles (subgenus _Microtus_) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome _b_ sequences. Mammalia 81(6):583-593. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2016-0001|Golenishchev, F.N., Malikov, V.G., Petrova, T.V., Bodrov, S.Yu. and Abramson, N.I. 2019. Toward assembling a taxonomic puzzle: Case study of Iranian gray voles of the subgenus _Microtus_ (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Mammalian Biology 94:98-105. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2018.06.007|Kryštufek, B. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2022. Voles and Lemmings (Arvicolinae) of the Palaearctic Region. University of Maribor, Maribor. doi:10.18690/um.fnm.2.2022" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Lar Valley, N Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Microtus mystacinus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0155", "mddId": "1002092", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002092", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus obscurus", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Microtus", "specificEpithet": "obscurus", "authority": "(Eversmann, 1841)", "faName": "", "enName": "Altai Vole", "otherCommonNames": [ "Dark Vole", "Altai Grey Vole" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Hypudaeus obscurus", "authorityCitation": "Eversmmann E. (1841). Addenda ad celeberrimi Pallasii Zoographiam Rosso-Asiaticam. Fasciculus II. Uchenye zapiski Imperatorskogo Kazanskogo Universiteta 1:154–167. [Also published separately in a pamphlet, but according to Krystufek & Shenbrot that publication was later. I have not verified the volume number in other sources. The journal name should probably be \"Ученыя записки издаваемыя Императорскимъ Казанскимъ Университетомъ\"]", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "obscurus (Eversmann, 1841)", "caucasicus Satunin, 1896 [nomen nudum]", "brevirostris Ognev, 1924", "macrocranius Ognev, 1924", "transcaucasicus Ognev, 1924", "ghalgai Krassovsky, 1929 [nomen nudum", "infrasubspecific]", "gudauricus Ognev, 1929", "transuralensis Serebrennikov, 1929", "iphigeniae Heptner, 1946", "caspicus Ognev, 1950", "innae Ognev, 1950", "ruthenus Ognev, 1950" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from M. arvalis", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Tougard, C., Montuire, S., Volobouev, V., Markova, E., Contet, J., Aniskin, V.M. and Quéré, J.-P. 2013. Exploring phylogeography and species limits in the Altai vole (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 108(2):434-452. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02034.x" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZIN S. 6653", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [], "locality": "probably near Chujskij trakt (a road), Altai Mtns., Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Turkey", "Ukraine" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Turkey", "Ukraine" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Microtus obscurus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0156", "mddId": "1002095", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002095", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus paradoxus", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Microtus", "specificEpithet": "paradoxus", "authority": "(Ognev & Heptner, 1928)", "faName": "", "enName": "Kopet Dag Pine Vole", "otherCommonNames": [ "Paradox Vole" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Chilotus paradoxus", "authorityCitation": "Ognev, S.I. and Heptner, V.G. 1928. Einige Mittelungen über die Säugetiere des mittleren Kopet-Dag und der anliegenden Ebene (Russisch-Turkestan). Zoologischer Anzeiger 75(11):258-266.", "authorityLink": "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/pdf/ognev_heptner_1928.pdf", "nominalNames": [ "paradoxus (Ognev & Heptner, 1928)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMMU S-25533", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/list_record.php?id=S-25533" ], "locality": "Chuli, near Ashkhabad, Kopet Dag Mountains, SW Turkmenistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Microtus paradoxus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Microtus paradoxus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0157", "mddId": "1006654", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006654", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus rossiaemeridionalis", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Microtus", "specificEpithet": "rossiaemeridionalis", "authority": "Ognev, 1924", "faName": "", "enName": "East European Gray Vole", "otherCommonNames": [ "Sibling Vole" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Microtus arvalis rossiae-meridionalis", "authorityCitation": "Ognev, S.I. 1924. Rodentia of the North Caucasus. Управление Уполномоченного Народного Комиссариата Земледелия на Юго-Востоке России, Rostov on the Don, 61 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/pdf/ognev1924_causc_rodents.pdf", "nominalNames": [ "rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924", "muhlisi Neuhäuser, 1936", "relictus Neuhäuser, 1936", "rhodopensis Heinrich, 1936", "epiroticus Ondrias, 1966", "subarvalis Meyyer, Orlov, & Skholl, 1972 [preoccupied]", "ponticus Zagorodnyuk, 1993" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from M. mystacinus and has been recognized under the name levis, which is tentatively considered a synonym of M. arvalis", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mahmoudi, A., Darvish, J., Aliabadian, M., Khosravi, M., Golenishchev, F.N. and Kryštufek, B. 2014. Chromosomal diversity in the genus _Microtus_ at its southern distributional margin in Iran. Folia Zoologica 63(4):290-295. doi:10.25225/fozo.v63.i4.a8.2014|Mahmoudi, A., Darvish, J., Aliabadian, M., Yazdani Moghaddam, F. and Kryštufek, B. 2017. New insight into the cradle of the grey voles (subgenus _Microtus_) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome _b_ sequences. Mammalia 81(6):583-593. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2016-0001|Golenishchev, F.N., Malikov, V.G., Petrova, T.V., Bodrov, S.Yu. and Abramson, N.I. 2019. Toward assembling a taxonomic puzzle: Case study of Iranian gray voles of the subgenus _Microtus_ (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Mammalian Biology 94:98-105. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2018.06.007|Kryštufek, B. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2022. Voles and Lemmings (Arvicolinae) of the Palaearctic Region. University of Maribor, Maribor. doi:10.18690/um.fnm.2.2022" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMMU S-30903", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/list_record.php?id=S-30903" ], "locality": "“Novii Kurlak, Bobrov subdistrict [uezd] of the Voronej Govt. [Voronezh Oblast]”, Russian Federation.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Belarus", "Bulgaria", "Estonia", "Finland", "Greece", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Moldova", "North Macedonia", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Turkey", "Ukraine" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Belarus", "Bulgaria", "Estonia", "Finland", "Greece", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Moldova", "North Macedonia", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Turkey", "Ukraine" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Microtus levis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0158", "mddId": "1002102", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002102", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus schelkovnikovi", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Microtus", "specificEpithet": "schelkovnikovi", "authority": "Satunin, 1908", "faName": "", "enName": "Schelkovnikov's Pine Vole", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Microtus schelkovnikovi", "authorityCitation": "Satunin, K.A. 1908. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Säugetierfauna Kaukasiens und Transkaspiens. Mitteilungen des Kaukasischen Museums 3:239-279.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58560284 | https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58560307", "nominalNames": [ "schelkovnikovi Satunin, 1908", "dorothea (Ellerman, 1948)", "shelkovnikovi (M. A. Lawrence, 1982) [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_M. s. dorothea_ (Ellerman, 1948); _M. s. schelkovnikovi_ Сатунин, 1908", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "GNMT 100. Aa", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Dzhi, Lenkoranskij Rayon, Talysk Mountains, SE Azerbaijan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Microtus schelkovnikovi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Microtus schelkovnikovi", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0159", "mddId": "1006655", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006655", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus schidlovskii", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Microtus", "specificEpithet": "schidlovskii", "authority": "Argyropulo, 1933", "faName": "", "enName": "Schidlovski's Vole", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Microtus (Sumeriomys) colchicus schidlovskii", "authorityCitation": "Argyropulo, A.I. 1933-12-20. Über zwei neue paläarktische Wühlmäuse. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 8(3):180-183.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45342921", "nominalNames": [ "schidlovskii Argyropulo, 1933", "bateae M. Kretzoi, 1962", "schiddlovskii O'Brien, Menninger, & W. G. Nash, 2006 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "karamani Kryštufek, Vohralík, Zima, Koubínová, & Bužan, 2010" ], "subspecies": "_M. s. bateae_ Kretzoi, 1962; _M. s. karamani_ Kryštufek, Vohralík, Zima, Koubínová & Bužan, 2010; _M. s. schidlovskii_ Аргиропуло, 1933", "taxonomyNotes": "has been included under M. irani, but is considered a distinct species following recent molecular (cytb) and morphological evidence", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mahmoudi, A., Golenishchev, F.N., Malikov, V.G., Arslan, A., Pavlova, S.V., Petrova, T.V. and Kryštufek, B. 2022. Taxonomic evaluation of the \"_irani_–_schidlovskii_\" species complex (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in the Middle East: a morphological and genetic combination. Zoologischer Anzeiger 300:1-11. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2022.07.001|Thanou, E., Paragamian, K. and Lymberakis, P. 2020. Social but lonely: Species delimitation of social voles and the evolutionary history of the only _Microtus_ species living in Africa. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58(1):475-498. doi:10.1111/jzs.12325" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZIN S. 26048", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Near the Station Nalband (Transcaucasian Railway), north-east [correctly northwest] Armenia, 1,200 m a. s. l.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Georgia", "Iran", "Lebanon", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Georgia", "Iran", "Lebanon", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Microtus schidlovskii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0160", "mddId": "1002103", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002103", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus socialis", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Microtus", "specificEpithet": "socialis", "authority": "(Pallas, 1773)", "faName": "", "enName": "Social Vole", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus socialis", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1773. Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. Zweyter Theil. Erstes Buch vom Jahr 1770. Kayserliche Academie der Wissenschaften, Saint Petersburg, 744 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97334n/f710.item", "nominalNames": [ "socialis (Pallas, 1773)", "astrachanensis (Erxleben, 1777)", "astracanensis (H. R. Schinz, 1825) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "parvus Satunin, 1901", "satunini (Ognev, 1924) [preoccupied]", "colchicus Argyropulo, 1932 [preoccupied]", "gravesi G. G. Goodwin, 1934", "goriensis Argyropulo, 1935 [nomen novum]", "binominatus Ellerman, 1941 [nomen novum]", "nikolajevi Ognev, 1950", "bogdoensis Wang Fenggui & Ma Yong, 1982", "aristovi Golenishchev in Golenishchev, O. V. Sablina, Borodin, & Gerasimov, 2002", "zaitsevi Golenishchev in Golenishchev, O. V. Sablina, Borodin, & Gerasimov, 2002", "astrchanensis (Kryštufek & Shenbrot, 2022) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": "_M. s. aristovi_ Голенищев, 2002; _M. s. bogdoensis_ Wang & Ma, 1982; _M. s. gravesi_ Goodwin, 1934; _M. s. nikolajevi_ Огнёв, 1950; _M. s. parvus_ Сатунин, 1901; _M. s. satunini_ (Огнёв, 1924) (synonyms: _binominatus_ Ellerman, 1941, _colchicus_ Аргиропуло, 1932, _goriensis_ Аргиропуло, 1935); _M. s. socialis_ (Pallas, 1773) (synonyms: _astrachanensis_ (Erxleben, 1777)); _M. s. zaitsevi_ Голенищев, 2002", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "probably Gur'evsk Oblast (= Gur'ev District) between the Volga and Ural rivers, Kazakhstan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Russia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Russia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Microtus socialis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Microtus socialis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0161", "mddId": "1002108", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002108", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Microtus transcaspicus", "genus": "Microtus", "subgenus": "Microtus", "specificEpithet": "transcaspicus", "authority": "Satunin, 1905", "faName": "", "enName": "Transcaspian Vole", "otherCommonNames": [ "Middle East Vole" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Arvicolinae", "tribe": "Arvicolini", "subtribe": "Microtina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Microtus transcaspicus", "authorityCitation": "Satunin, K.A. 1905-12. Млекопитающія Кавказа и Закаспійской Области. Mitteilungen des Kaukasischen Museums 2(1):45-86.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58456249 | https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58456270", "nominalNames": [ "transcaspicus Satunin, 1905", "transcaspicus Satunin, 1905 [nomen nudum]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "previously included M. kermanensis", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Golenishchev, F.N., Malikov, V.G., Bulatova, N.Sh., Vazari, A.Sh. and Nazari, F. 2000. Some new data on morphology and karyology of Microtus kermanensis (Rodentia, Arvcolinae) and supposed phylogeographic history of the \"Aravaloid\" voles. In: Agadjanian, A.K., and Orlov, V.N. (eds), Systematics and Phylogeny of the Rodents and Lagomorphs, pp. 34-36. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.|Golenishchev, F.N., Malikov, V.G., Petrova, T.V., Bodrov, S.Yu. and Abramson, N.I. 2019. Toward assembling a taxonomic puzzle: Case study of Iranian gray voles of the subgenus _Microtus_ (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Mammalian Biology 94:98-105. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2018.06.007" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "GNMT (number not known)", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "near Ashabad, Tschuli Gorge, Kopet Dag Mountains, Turkmenistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Microtus transcaspicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Microtus transcaspicus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0162", "mddId": "1002212", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002212", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Cricetidae", "scientificName": "Nothocricetulus migratorius", "genus": "Nothocricetulus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "migratorius", "authority": "(Pallas, 1773)", "faName": "", "enName": "Gray Hamster", "otherCommonNames": [ "Armenian Hamster", "Gray Dwarf Hamster", "Migratory Hamster" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Cricetidae", "subfamily": "Cricetinae", "tribe": "Cricetini", "subtribe": "Cricetina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus migratorius", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1773. Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. Zweyter Theil. Erstes Buch vom Jahr 1770. Kayserliche Academie der Wissenschaften, Saint Petersburg, 744 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97334n/f708.item", "nominalNames": [ "arenarius (Pallas, 1773)", "migratorius (Pallas, 1773)", "accedula (Pallas, 1779)", "phaeus (Pallas, 1779)", "arenaceus (E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1783) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "acredula (J. F. Gmelin, 1788) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "uralensis (G. Fischer, 1814)", "acedula (Lesson, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "phoeus (Lesson, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "cinerascens (J. A. Wagner, 1848)", "isabellinus (De Filippi, 1865)", "murinus (Severtzov, 1873)", "fulvus (Blanford, 1875)", "coerulescens (Severtzov, 1879)", "atticus (Nehring, 1902)", "kozlovi (Satunin, 1903)", "tauricus (Satunin, 1908) [nomen nudum]", "bellicosus (Scharleman, 1915)", "neglectus (Ognev, 1916) [infrasubspecific]", "vernula (O. Thomas, 1917)", "falzfeini (Matschie, 1918)", "caesius (Kashkarov, 1923)", "griseus (Kashkarov, 1923) [preoccupied]", "pamirensis (Ognev, 1923) [infrasubspecific]", "pulcher (Ognev, 1924)", "cinereus (Kashkarov, 1926) [nomen novum]", "sviridenkoi (Pidoplitschka, 1928) [nomen nudum", "infrasubspecific]", "zvierezombi (Pidoplitschka, 1928)", "myosurus (Argyropulo, 1932) [nomen nudum]", "ognevi (Argyropulo, 1933) [nomen nudum", "infrasubspecific]", "ognevi (Argyropulo in Vinogradov & Argyropulo, 1941)", "zvieresombi (Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "argyropuloi (Gromov, 1952)", "elisarjewi (Afanas'yev, 1953)", "kipianii (Gromov, 1957)", "parvus (Rekovets, 1985)", "guamensis (Baryshnikov, 1989)" ], "subspecies": "_N. m. migratorius_ (Pallas, 1773) (synonyms: _accedula_ (Pallas, 1779), _arenarius_ (Pallas, 1773), _caesius_ (Кашкаров, 1923), _cinereus_ (Кашкаров, 1926), _coerulescens_ (Северцов, 1879), _elisarjewi_ (Afanas'yev, 1953), _fulvus_ (Blanford, 1875), _griseiventris_ (Thomas, 1917), _griseus_ (Кашкаров, 1923), _isabellinus_ (De Filippi, 1865), _kozlovi_ (Сатунин, 1903), _ognevi_ (Аргиропуло, 1933), _ognevi_ (Аргиропуло, 1941), _pamirensis_ (Огнёв, 1923), _uralensis_ (Fischer, 1814)); _N. m. phaeus_ (Pallas, 1779) (synonyms: _argyropuloi_ (Громов, 1952), _atticus_ (Nehring, 1902), _bellicosus_ (Scharleman, 1915), _cinerascens_ (Wagner, 1848), _falzfeini_ (Matschie, 1918), _guamensis_ (Baryshnikov, 1989), _murinus_ (Северцов, 1873), _neglectus_ (Огнёв, 1916), _parvus_ (Rekovets, 1985), _pulcher_ (Огнёв, 1924), _sviridenkoi_ (Pidoplitschka, 1928), _tauricus_ (Сатунин, 1908), _vernula_ (Thomas, 1917), _zvierezombi_ (Pidoplitschka, 1928))", "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Cricetulus to the recently described Nothocricetulus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Lebedev, V.S., Bannikova, A.A., Neumann, K., Ushakova, M.V., Ivanova, N.V. and Surov, A.V. 2018. Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of dwarf hamsters _Cricetulus_ Milne-Edwards, 1867 (Cricetidae, Rodentia): description of a new genus and reinstatement of another. Zootaxa 4387(2):331-349. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4387.2.5" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Lower Ural River, W Kazakhstan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bulgaria", "China", "Georgia", "Greece", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Romania", "Russia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bulgaria", "China", "Georgia", "Greece", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Romania", "Russia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Nothocricetulus migratorius", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Cricetulus migratorius", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0163", "mddId": "1001987", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001987", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Dipodidae", "scientificName": "Jaculus blanfordi", "genus": "Jaculus", "subgenus": "Jaculus", "specificEpithet": "blanfordi", "authority": "(J. A. Murray, 1884)", "faName": "", "enName": "Blanford's Jerboa", "otherCommonNames": [ "Greater Three-toed Jerboa" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Dipodoidea", "family": "Dipodidae", "subfamily": "Dipodinae", "tribe": "Dipodini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Dipus Blanfordi", "authorityCitation": "Murray, J.A. 1884-08-01. Additions to the present knowledge of the vertebrate zoology of Persia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5)14(80):97-106.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15624555", "nominalNames": [ "blanfordi (J. A. Murray, 1884)", "turcmenicus Vinogradov & Bondar', 1949", "margianus Shenbrot, 1990", "marginus Pavlinov & Rossolimo, 1998 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "thaleri Darvish & Hosseinie, 2005" ], "subspecies": "_J. b. blanfordi_ (Murray, 1884) (synonyms: _thaleri_ Darvish & Hosseinie, 2005); _J. b. margianus_ Шенброт, 1990; _J. b. turcmenicus_ Виноградов & Bondar', 1949", "taxonomyNotes": "tentatively includes the recently described thaleri as a synonym based on morphology, although further studies are needed", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Darvish, J. and Hosseinie, F. 2005. New species of three-toed jerboa _Jaculus thaleri_ sp. nov. (Dipodidae, Rodentia) from the deserts of Khorasan Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 1(1):21-27. a#6302|Wilson, D.E., Mittermeier, R.A. and Lacher, T.E., Jr. 2017. Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 7. Rodents II. Lynx, Barcelona, 1008 pp. a#57900" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "Bushire, Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Pakistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Pakistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Jaculus blanfordi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Jaculus blanfordi", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0164", "mddId": "1001990", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001990", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Dipodidae", "scientificName": "Jaculus loftusi", "genus": "Jaculus", "subgenus": "Jaculus", "specificEpithet": "loftusi", "authority": "(Blanford, 1875)", "faName": "", "enName": "Arabian Jerboa", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Dipodoidea", "family": "Dipodidae", "subfamily": "Dipodinae", "tribe": "Dipodini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Dipus Loftusi", "authorityCitation": "Blanford, W.T. 1875-11-01. Descriptions of new Mammalia from Persia and Balúchistan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)16(95):309-313.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25128194", "nominalNames": [ "loftusi (Blanford, 1875)", "vocator O. Thomas, 1921", "syrius O. Thomas, 1922", "florentiae Cheesman & Hinton, 1924", "oralis Cheesman & Hinton, 1924" ], "subspecies": "_J. l. loftusi_ (Blanford, 1875); _J. l. vocator_ Thomas, 1921 (synonyms: _florentiae_ Cheesman & Hinton, 1924, _oralis_ Cheesman & Hinton, 1924, _syrius_ Thomas, 1922)", "taxonomyNotes": "split from J. jaculus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Shenbrot, G.I., Feldstein, T. and Meiri, S. 2016. Are cryptic species of the Lesser Egyptian Jerboa, _Jaculus jaculus_ (Rodentia, Dipodidae), really cryptic? Re-evaluation of their taxonomic status with new data from Israel and Sinai. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 54(2):148-159. doi:10.1111/jzs.12121" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1855.1.6.82", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Mohumrah [= Khorramshahr], Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Bahrain", "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Oman", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Bahrain", "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Oman", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Jaculus loftusi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0165", "mddId": "1001966", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001966", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Dipodidae", "scientificName": "Pygeretmus pumilio", "genus": "Pygeretmus", "subgenus": "Alactagulus", "specificEpithet": "pumilio", "authority": "(Kerr, 1792)", "faName": "", "enName": "Dwarf Fat-tailed Jerboa", "otherCommonNames": [ "Lesser Five-toed Jerboa", "Little Earth Hare" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Dipodoidea", "family": "Dipodidae", "subfamily": "Allactaginae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Dipus sibiricus pumilio", "authorityCitation": "Kerr, R. 1792. The Animal Kingdom, or Zoological System of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus. Class I. Mammalia. A. Strahan, T. Cadell, and W. Creech, Edinburgh, 462 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38664299", "nominalNames": [ "minor (Pallas, 1779) [nomen nudum]", "pygmaeus (Pallas, 1779)", "pygmea (Pallas, 1779) [incorrect original spelling]", "pumilio (Kerr, 1792)", "acontion (Pallas, 1811)", "minutus (A. G. Desmarest, 1817)", "pygmoeus (Lesson, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "acontium (J. E. Gray, 1843) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "brachyotis (Ostrouchov, 1889) [nomen nudum]", "dinniki (Satunin, 1920)", "potanini (Vinogradov, 1926)", "turcomanus (Heptner & Samorodov, 1939)", "pallidus (Vinogradov in Vinogradov & Argyropulo, 1941)", "aralensis (Ognev, 1948)", "tanaiticus (Ognev, 1948)", "pugmaeus (Shenbrot, 1984) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "bullatoides Shenbrot in Shenbrot, Sokolov, Heptner, & Koval'skaya, 1995", "iliensis Shenbrot in Shenbrot, Sokolov, Heptner, & Koval'skaya, 1995", "selevini Shenbrot in Shenbrot, Sokolov, Heptner, & Koval'skaya, 1995" ], "subspecies": "_P. p. bullatoides_ Шенброт, 1995; _P. p. iliensis_ Шенброт, 1995; _P. p. potanini_ (Виноградов, 1926); _P. p. pumilio_ (Kerr, 1792) (synonyms: _acontion_ (Pallas, 1811), _aralensis_ (Огнёв, 1948), _brachyotis_ (Ostrouchov, 1889), _dinniki_ (Сатунин, 1920), _minor_ (Pallas, 1779), _minutus_ (Desmarest, 1817), _pallidus_ (Виноградов, 1941), _pygmaeus_ (Pallas, 1779), _tanaiticus_ (Огнёв, 1948), _turcomanus_ (Гептнер & Самородов, 1939)); _P. p. selevini_ Шенброт, 1995", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Indersk, Atyrau Region, Kazakhstan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Pygeretmus pumilio", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Pygeretmus pumilio", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0166", "mddId": "1006685", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006685", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Dipodidae", "scientificName": "Scarturus caprimulga", "genus": "Scarturus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "caprimulga", "authority": "(Ellerman, 1948)", "faName": "", "enName": "Afghan Five-toed Jerboa", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Dipodoidea", "family": "Dipodidae", "subfamily": "Allactaginae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Allactaga williamsi caprimulga", "authorityCitation": "Ellerman, J.R., 2nd Baronet. 1948-11. Key to the rodents of South-West Asia in the British Museum collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 118(3):765-816.", "authorityLink": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00406.x", "nominalNames": [ "caprimulga (Ellerman, 1948)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from S. williamsi and has been included under S. euphraticus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Lebedev, V.S., Shenbrot, G.I., Kryštufek, B., Mahmoudi, A., Melnikova, M.N., Solovyeva, E.N., Lisenkova, A.A., Undrakhbayar, E., Rogovin, K.A., Surov, A.V. and Bannikova, A.A. 2022. Phylogenetic relations and range history of jerboas of the Allactaginae subfamily (Dipodidae, Rodentia). Scientific Reports 12(1):842. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-04779-x" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1947.373", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/7d5ff442-fdc9-49ff-b05e-33b237fe3402" ], "locality": "\"Shibar Pass, Afghanistan.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0167", "mddId": "1001969", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001969", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Dipodidae", "scientificName": "Scarturus elater", "genus": "Scarturus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "elater", "authority": "(H. Lichtenstein, 1828)", "faName": "", "enName": "Northern Small Five-toed Jerboa", "otherCommonNames": [ "Five-toed Jerboa" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Dipodoidea", "family": "Dipodidae", "subfamily": "Allactaginae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Dipus Elater", "authorityCitation": "Lichtenstein, H. 1828. Über die Springmäuse oder die Arten der Gattung _Dipus_. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1825:132-161.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29666379", "nominalNames": [ "elater (H. Lichtenstein, 1828)", "caucasicus (Nehring, 1900)", "kizljaricus (Satunin, 1908)", "dzungariae (O. Thomas, 1912)", "strandi (Heptner, 1934)", "turkmeni (G. G. Goodwin, 1940)", "kisljaricus (Shidlovskiy, 1962) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "zaisanicus (Shenbrot, 1993)", "elator (Baryshnikov, 2002) [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_S. e. caucasicus_ (Nehring, 1900); _S. e. dzungariae_ (Thomas, 1912); _S. e. elater_ (Lichtenstein, 1828) (synonyms: _kizljaricus_ (Сатунин, 1908)); _S. e. strandi_ (Гептнер, 1934) (synonyms: _turkmeni_ (Goodwin, 1940)); _S. e. zaisanicus_ (Шенброт, 1993)", "taxonomyNotes": "moved from Allactaga to Scarturus; S. elator is certainly a species complex with at least three species (S. elator, S. turkmeni or S. heptneri, and S. indicus , which includes S. toussi); this arrangement is tentatively not followed here, as the names that apply to each of these taxa are not certain as of now", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Lebedev, V.S., Bannikova, A.A., Pagès, M., Pisano, J., Michaux, J.R. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2013. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Dipodoidea: a test of morphology-based hypotheses. Zoologica Scripta 42(3):231-249. doi:10.1111/zsc.12002|Wilson, D.E., Mittermeier, R.A. and Lacher, T.E., Jr. 2017. Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 7. Rodents II. Lynx, Barcelona, 1008 pp. a#57900|Bannikova, A.A., Lebedev, V.S., Dubrovskaya, A., Solovyeva, E.N., Moskalenko, V., Kryštufek, B., Hutterer, R., Bykova, E., Zhumabekova, B., Rogovin, K. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2019. Genetic evidence for several cryptic species within the _Scarturus elater_ species complex (Rodentia: Dipodoidea): when cryptic species are really cryptic. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 126(1):16-39. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/bly154|Lebedev, V.S., Shenbrot, G.I., Kryštufek, B., Mahmoudi, A., Melnikova, M.N., Solovyeva, E.N., Lisenkova, A.A., Undrakhbayar, E., Rogovin, K.A., Surov, A.V. and Bannikova, A.A. 2022. Phylogenetic relations and range history of jerboas of the Allactaginae subfamily (Dipodidae, Rodentia). Scientific Reports 12(1):842. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-04779-x" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "\"Von den Küsten des Aral-Sees [= north coast of Aral Sea],\" Kyzylorda Region, Kazakhstan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Scarturus elater", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Allactaga elater", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0168", "mddId": "1001970", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001970", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Dipodidae", "scientificName": "Scarturus euphraticus", "genus": "Scarturus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "euphraticus", "authority": "(O. Thomas, 1881)", "faName": "", "enName": "Euphrates Jerboa", "otherCommonNames": [ "Montane Jerboa" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Dipodoidea", "family": "Dipodidae", "subfamily": "Allactaginae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Alactaga euphratica", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1881-07-01. Description of a new species of _Alactaga_ from Mesopotamia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5)8(43):14-16.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30037949", "nominalNames": [ "euphraticus (O. Thomas, 1881)", "kivanci (E. Çolak & Yiğit, 1998)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "populations now attributed to S. aulacotis were previously considered this species; has included S. caprimulga, which is now a distinct species; moved from Allactaga to Scarturus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Lebedev, V.S., Bannikova, A.A., Pagès, M., Pisano, J., Michaux, J.R. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2013. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Dipodoidea: a test of morphology-based hypotheses. Zoologica Scripta 42(3):231-249. doi:10.1111/zsc.12002|Wilson, D.E., Mittermeier, R.A. and Lacher, T.E., Jr. 2017. Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 7. Rodents II. Lynx, Barcelona, 1008 pp. a#57900" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH (number not known)", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Mesopotamia [= Iraq].\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kuwait", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kuwait", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Scarturus euphraticus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Allactaga euphratica", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0169", "mddId": "1006686", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006686", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Dipodidae", "scientificName": "Scarturus heptneri", "genus": "Scarturus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "heptneri", "authority": "(Pavlenko & Denisenko, 1976)", "faName": "", "enName": "Heptner's Five-toed Jerboa", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Dipodoidea", "family": "Dipodidae", "subfamily": "Allactaginae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Allactaga elater heptneri", "authorityCitation": "Pavlenko, T.A. and Denisenko, N.I. 1976. Новый подвид малого тушканчика (_Allactaga elater heptneri_ Pavlenco et Denisenco, subsp. n.) из Ферганской Долины (Узбекистан). Зоологический Журнал 55(7):1073-1077.", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "heptneri (Pavlenko & Denisenko, 1976)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from S. elater; the name turkmeni may apply to this species, although it is currently a synonym of S. elater", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Bannikova, A.A., Lebedev, V.S., Dubrovskaya, A., Solovyeva, E.N., Moskalenko, V., Kryštufek, B., Hutterer, R., Bykova, E., Zhumabekova, B., Rogovin, K. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2019. Genetic evidence for several cryptic species within the _Scarturus elater_ species complex (Rodentia: Dipodoidea): when cryptic species are really cryptic. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 126(1):16-39. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/bly154|Lebedev, V.S., Shenbrot, G.I., Kryštufek, B., Mahmoudi, A., Melnikova, M.N., Solovyeva, E.N., Lisenkova, A.A., Undrakhbayar, E., Rogovin, K.A., Surov, A.V. and Bannikova, A.A. 2022. Phylogenetic relations and range history of jerboas of the Allactaginae subfamily (Dipodidae, Rodentia). Scientific Reports 12(1):842. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-04779-x" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ASRU 424", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Fergana Valley, Namangan, Uzbekistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0170", "mddId": "1001971", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001971", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Dipodidae", "scientificName": "Scarturus hotsoni", "genus": "Scarturus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "hotsoni", "authority": "(O. Thomas, 1920)", "faName": "", "enName": "Hotson's Five-toed Jerboa", "otherCommonNames": [ "Hotson's Jerboa" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Dipodoidea", "family": "Dipodidae", "subfamily": "Allactaginae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Allactaga hotsoni", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1920-01-31. Some new mammals from Baluchistan and North-West India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 26(4):933-938.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2050597", "nominalNames": [ "hotsoni (O. Thomas, 1920)", "firouzi (Womochel, 1978)" ], "subspecies": "_S. h. firouzi_ (Womochel, 1978); _S. h. hotsoni_ (Thomas, 1920)", "taxonomyNotes": "includes firouzi; moved from Allactaga to Scarturus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Dianat, M., Aliabadian, M., Darvish, J. and Akbarirad, S. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of the Iranian Plateau five-toed jerboa, _Allactaga_ (Dipodidea: Rodentia), inferred from mtDNA. Mammalia 77(1):95-103. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2012-0011|Lebedev, V.S., Bannikova, A.A., Pagès, M., Pisano, J., Michaux, J.R. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2013. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Dipodoidea: a test of morphology-based hypotheses. Zoologica Scripta 42(3):231-249. doi:10.1111/zsc.12002|Wilson, D.E., Mittermeier, R.A. and Lacher, T.E., Jr. 2017. Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 7. Rodents II. Lynx, Barcelona, 1008 pp. a#57900" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1919.11.8.56", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/1c707178-dfde-42b3-8315-3a6c952ec6ac" ], "locality": "\"Kant, 20 miles [32 km] S. W. of Sib. Alt. 3,950' [1204 km],\" Balochistan, Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Pakistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Pakistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Scarturus hotsoni", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Allactaga hotsoni", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0171", "mddId": "1006687", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006687", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Dipodidae", "scientificName": "Scarturus indicus", "genus": "Scarturus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "indicus", "authority": "(J. E. Gray, 1842)", "faName": "", "enName": "Southern Small Five-toed Jerboa", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Dipodoidea", "family": "Dipodidae", "subfamily": "Allactaginae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Alactaga indica", "authorityCitation": "Gray, J.E. 1842-12-01. Descriptions of some new genera and fifty unrecorded species of Mammalia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1)10(65):255-267.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2324286", "nominalNames": [ "indicus (J. E. Gray, 1842)", "bactrianus (E. Blyth, 1863) [nomen novum]", "aralychensis (Satunin, 1901)", "toussi (Darvish, Hajjar, Moghadam Matin, Haddad, & Akbaryrad, 2008)" ], "subspecies": "_S. i. aralychensis_ (Сатунин, 1901); _S. i. indicus_ (Gray, 1842) (synonyms: _bactrianus_ (Blyth, 1863)); _S. i. toussi_ (Darvish, Hajjar, Moghadam Matin, Haddad & Akbaryrad, 2008)", "taxonomyNotes": "split from S. elater and includes the recently described toussi", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Darvish, J., Hajjar, T., Moghadam Matin, M., Haddad, F. and Akbaryrad, S. 2008. New species of five-toed jerboa (Rodentia: Dipodidae, Allactaginae) from North-East Iran. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 19(2):103-109. a#6432|Lebedev, V.S., Bannikova, A.A., Pagès, M., Pisano, J., Michaux, J.R. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2013. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Dipodoidea: a test of morphology-based hypotheses. Zoologica Scripta 42(3):231-249. doi:10.1111/zsc.12002|Wilson, D.E., Mittermeier, R.A. and Lacher, T.E., Jr. 2017. Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 7. Rodents II. Lynx, Barcelona, 1008 pp. a#57900|Bannikova, A.A., Lebedev, V.S., Dubrovskaya, A., Solovyeva, E.N., Moskalenko, V., Kryštufek, B., Hutterer, R., Bykova, E., Zhumabekova, B., Rogovin, K. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2019. Genetic evidence for several cryptic species within the _Scarturus elater_ species complex (Rodentia: Dipodoidea): when cryptic species are really cryptic. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 126(1):16-39. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/bly154|Lebedev, V.S., Shenbrot, G.I., Kryštufek, B., Mahmoudi, A., Melnikova, M.N., Solovyeva, E.N., Lisenkova, A.A., Undrakhbayar, E., Rogovin, K.A., Surov, A.V. and Bannikova, A.A. 2022. Phylogenetic relations and range history of jerboas of the Allactaginae subfamily (Dipodidae, Rodentia). Scientific Reports 12(1):842. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-04779-x" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1844.9.15.4", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/d904cff7-6dd5-4521-acfc-7cfc9c5f3f34" ], "locality": "Simkoh Hills, Afghanistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Pakistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Pakistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0172", "mddId": "1001975", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001975", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Dipodidae", "scientificName": "Scarturus williamsi", "genus": "Scarturus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "williamsi", "authority": "(O. Thomas, 1897)", "faName": "", "enName": "Williams's Jerboa", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Dipodoidea", "family": "Dipodidae", "subfamily": "Allactaginae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Allactaga Williamsi", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1897-08-31. On two new rodents from Van, Kurdistan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6)20(117):308-310.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27415289", "nominalNames": [ "williamsi (O. Thomas, 1897)", "laticeps (Nehring, 1903)", "schmidti (Satunin, 1908)", "dzhafarovi (Gromov, 1952)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "previously included S. caprimulga; moved from Allactaga to Scarturus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Lebedev, V.S., Bannikova, A.A., Pagès, M., Pisano, J., Michaux, J.R. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2013. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Dipodoidea: a test of morphology-based hypotheses. Zoologica Scripta 42(3):231-249. doi:10.1111/zsc.12002|Wilson, D.E., Mittermeier, R.A. and Lacher, T.E., Jr. 2017. Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 7. Rodents II. Lynx, Barcelona, 1008 pp. a#57900|Lebedev, V.S., Shenbrot, G.I., Kryštufek, B., Mahmoudi, A., Melnikova, M.N., Solovyeva, E.N., Lisenkova, A.A., Undrakhbayar, E., Rogovin, K.A., Surov, A.V. and Bannikova, A.A. 2022. Phylogenetic relations and range history of jerboas of the Allactaginae subfamily (Dipodidae, Rodentia). Scientific Reports 12(1):842. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-04779-x" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1897.6.4.18", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/4b5d94d4-9982-4195-9cf8-f4afe3428c29" ], "locality": "\"Van, alt. 5000 ft. [1524 m],\" Turkey.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Lebanon", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Lebanon", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Scarturus williamsi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "manual", "msw3SciName": "Allactaga williamsi", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0173", "mddId": "1001525", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001525", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Gliridae", "scientificName": "Dryomys nitedula", "genus": "Dryomys", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "nitedula", "authority": "(Pallas, 1779)", "faName": "", "enName": "Eurasian Forest Dormouse", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Sciuromorpha", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Gliridae", "subfamily": "Leithiinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus nitedula", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1779. Fasciculus II. Pp. 71–388 in Pallas, P.S. 1778-1779. Novae species quadrupedum e glirium ordine cum illustrationibus variis complurium ex hoc ordine animalium. Wolfgang Walther, Erlangen, 388 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15494916", "nominalNames": [ "nitedula (Pallas, 1779)", "dryas (von Schreber, 1782)", "nitidula (Boddaert, 1785) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "drias (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "pictus (Blanford, 1875)", "intermedius (Nehring, 1902)", "wingei (Nehring, 1902)", "angelus (O. Thomas, 1906)", "nitidulus (O. Thomas, 1906) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "phrygius (O. Thomas, 1907)", "robustus (G. S. Miller, 1910)", "milleri (O. Thomas, 1912)", "tichomirovi Satunin, 1920", "obolenskii (Ognev & Vorob'yev, 1923)", "carpathicus (Brohmer, 1927)", "bilkjewiczi (Ognev & Heptner, 1928)", "ognevi (Heptner & Formozov, 1928)", "caucasicus (Ognev & Turov, 1935)", "dagestanicus (Ognev & Turov, 1935)", "kurdistanicus (Ognev & Turov, 1935)", "pallidus (Ognev & Turov, 1935)", "saxatilis (Rosanov, 1935)", "tanaiticus (Ognev & Turov, 1935)", "daghestanicus Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "ravijojla Paspalev, K. V. Martino, & Peshev, 1952", "diamesus E. von Lehmann, 1959", "aspromontis E. von Lehmann, 1964", "tichomirowi Holden, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "yarkandensis Liao Lifu, An Ran, Shi Shen, Xu Yimei, Luo Yun, & Liao Weichen, 2020 [unpublished electronic]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "the Italian (aspromontis) and Iranian (pictus) endemic subspecies may be distinct species based on limited molecular and morphological studies, but further studies incorporating material from the entire range of D. nitedula are needed before the taxa are elevated to species status; includes the name yarkandensis until it is described officially, as it is currently unavailable", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Bisconti, R., Aloise, G., Siclari, A., Fava, V., Provenzano, M., Arduino, P., Chiocchio, A., Nascetti, G. and Canestrelli, D. 2017. Forest Dormouse (_Dryomys nitedula_) populations in southern Italy belong to a deeply divergent evolutionary lineage. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. doi:10.1101/210070|Mohammadi, Z., Kami, H.G., Ghorbani, F., Khajeh, A. and Olsson, U. 2021. Cryptic lineage diversity within Forest Dormice (Mammalia: _Dryomys nitedula_) revealed by deep genetic divergence among different subspecies on the Iranian Plateau and in adjacent areas. Mammalian Biology 101(1):21-34. doi:10.1007/s42991-020-00055-5|Liao, L.-f., An, R., Shi, S., Xu, Y.-m., Luo, Y. and Liao, W.-c. 2020. One new species of the genus _Dryomys_ (Rodentia, Glirgae) from Xinjiang China, _Dryomys yarkandensis sp_. nov. doi:10.1101/2020.02.11.943381" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Kazan region, near Volga River, Republic of Tatarstan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Lithuania", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Lithuania", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "North Macedonia", "Pakistan", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Dryomys nitedula", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Dryomys nitedula", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0174", "mddId": "1006543", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006543", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Gliridae", "scientificName": "Glis persicus", "genus": "Glis", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "persicus", "authority": "(Erxleben, 1777)", "faName": "", "enName": "Iranian Fat Dormouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Iranian Edible Dormouse" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Sciuromorpha", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Gliridae", "subfamily": "Glirinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Sciurus persicus", "authorityCitation": "Erxleben, J.C.P. 1777. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis I. Mammalia. Impensis Weygandianis, Leipzig, 636 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873214", "nominalNames": [ "persicus (Erxleben, 1777)", "caspicus (Satunin, 1905) [unjustified emendation]", "caspius (Satunin, 1905)", "petruccii G. G. Goodwin, 1939" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from G. glis", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Kryštufek, B., Naderi, M., Janžekovič, F., Hutterer, R., Bombek, D. and Mahmoudi, A. 2021. A taxonomic revision of fat dormice, genus _Glis_ (Rodentia). Mammalia 85(4):362-378. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2020-0161|Gharkheloo, M.M., Karataş, A. and Ghasemi Kassari, R. 2021. On the karyology, morphology and biology of _Glis glis_ (Linnaeus, 1766) (Rodentia: Gliridae) in Iran. Biharean Biologist 15(1):53-58. a#72078" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "\"in Persiae provincia Gilan [in the Iranian Province of Gilan].\" Restricted by D. M. Lay in 1967 to “Rasht” “Iran: Ghilan [Gilan] Province.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } }, { "id": "IR0175", "mddId": "1001531", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001531", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Gliridae", "scientificName": "Myomimus personatus", "genus": "Myomimus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "personatus", "authority": "Ognev, 1924", "faName": "", "enName": "Ognev's Mouse-tailed Dormouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Asiatic Dormouse", "Masked Mouse-tailed Dormouse" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Sciuromorpha", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Gliridae", "subfamily": "Leithiinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Myomimus personatus", "authorityCitation": "Priroda Okhota Ukraine [Nat. and Hunting in Ukraine], Kharkov, vol. 1-2, 115", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "personatus Ognev, 1924" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMMU S-4310", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/list_record.php?id=S-4310" ], "locality": "along the Sumbar River, near Kaine-Kassyr, W Kopet Dag Mts, SW Turkmenistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Myomimus personatus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Myomimus personatus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0176", "mddId": "1001533", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001533", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Gliridae", "scientificName": "Myomimus setzeri", "genus": "Myomimus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "setzeri", "authority": "Rossolimo, 1976", "faName": "", "enName": "Setzer's Mouse-tailed Dormouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Iranian Dormouse" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Sciuromorpha", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Gliridae", "subfamily": "Leithiinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Myomimus setzeri", "authorityCitation": "Rossolimo, O.L. 1976. _Myomimus setzeri_ (Mammalia, Myoxidae), a new species of mouse-like dormouse from Iran. Vestnik zoologii 1976(4):51-53.", "authorityLink": "http://mail.izan.kiev.ua/vz-pdf/1976/4/VZ%201976-4-08-Rossolimo.pdf", "nominalNames": [ "setzeri Rossolimo, 1976" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "USNM:MAMM:369888", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/332aafacb-684a-434e-ab4d-442d951e0714" ], "locality": "4 km west of Bane, Kordestan Province, western Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Myomimus setzeri", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Myomimus setzeri", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0177", "mddId": "1001287", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001287", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Hystricidae", "scientificName": "Hystrix indica", "genus": "Hystrix", "subgenus": "Hystrix", "specificEpithet": "indica", "authority": "Kerr, 1792", "faName": "تشی هندی", "enName": "Indian Crested Porcupine", "otherCommonNames": [ "White-tailed Porcupine" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Hystricomorpha", "infraorder": "Hystricognathi", "parvorder": "incertae sedis", "superfamily": null, "family": "Hystricidae", "subfamily": null, "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Hystrix cristata indica", "authorityCitation": "Kerr, R. 1792. The Animal Kingdom, or Zoological System of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus. Class I. Mammalia. A. Strahan, T. Cadell, and W. Creech, Edinburgh, 462 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38664237", "nominalNames": [ "indica Kerr, 1792", "leucura W. H. Sykes, 1831", "hirsutirostris J. F. von Brandt, 1835", "alba de Sélys-Longchamps, 1839 [nomen nudum]", "leucarus W. Ogilby, 1839 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "nipalensis B. H. Hodgson, 1841 [nomen nudum]", "zeylonensis E. Blyth, 1851", "malabarica Day, 1863", "aharonii F. Müller, 1911", "blanfordi F. Müller, 1911", "mersinae F. Müller, 1911", "satunini F. Müller, 1911", "schmitzi F. Müller, 1911", "cuneiceps Wroughton, 1912", "narynensis F. Müller, 1919", "mesopotamica F. Müller, 1920", "schmidtzi Ellerman, 1948 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "India.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Sri Lanka", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Georgia", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Lebanon", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Sri Lanka", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Hystrix indica", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Hystrix indica", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0178", "mddId": "1002849", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002849", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Acomys dimidiatus", "genus": "Acomys", "subgenus": "Acomys", "specificEpithet": "dimidiatus", "authority": "(Cretzschmar, 1827)", "faName": "", "enName": "Arabian Spiny Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Eastern Spiny Mouse" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Deomyinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus dimidiatus", "authorityCitation": "Cretzschmar, P.J. 1827. [Heft 5, pl. 11-13]. Pp. 33–38 in Cretzschmar, P.J. 1826-1831. Säugethiere. Pp. 1–78 in Rüppell, E. Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika. Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main, 78+55+24+47+141 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37140624 | https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37140625", "nominalNames": [ "dimidiatus (Anonymous, 1825) [nomen nudum]", "dimidiatus (Cretzschmar, 1827)", "hispidus (Brants, 1827)", "megalotis (H. Lichtenstein, 1830)", "flavidus O. Thomas, 1917", "homericus O. Thomas, 1923", "carmeliensis Haas in Stekelis & Haas, 1952", "megalodus Setzer, 1959", "whitei D. L. Harrison, 1980" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "SMF:MAMM:4321", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Sinai, Egypt.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Egypt", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Egypt", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Acomys dimidiatus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Acomys dimidiatus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0179", "mddId": "1003013", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003013", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Apodemus flavicollis", "genus": "Apodemus", "subgenus": "Sylvaemus", "specificEpithet": "flavicollis", "authority": "(Melchior, 1834)", "faName": "", "enName": "Yellow-necked Field Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Apodemini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus flavicollis", "authorityCitation": "Melchior, H.B. 1834. Den danke Stats og Norges Pattedyr. Gyldendal, Copenhagen, 298 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://books.google.com/books?id=L5w-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA99", "nominalNames": [ "flavicollis (Melchior, 1834)", "cellarius (J. F. Fischer, 1866)", "erythronotus (Blanford, 1875) [preoccupied]", "arianus (Blanford, 1881)", "princeps (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900)", "wintoni (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900)", "fennicus (Hilzheimer, 1911)", "samariensis Ognev, 1922", "samaricus (Ognev, 1925) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "brauneri V. E. Martino, 1927", "kurdistanicus Turov, 1928", "saturatus Neuhäuser, 1936", "stankovici (V. E. Martino & E. V. Martino, 1937)", "levantinus Bate, 1942", "geminae E. von Lehmann, 1961", "dietzi Kahmann, 1964" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "a recent molecular study suggested splitting of Apodemus into three genera: Apodemus, Alsomys, and Sylvaemus (including A. flavicollis); this revision was based on phylogenies created using cytochrome b sequences that show Apodemus sensu lato as monophyletic, but the three proposed genera as paraphyletic with each other; the authors supported the revision with the deep divergence time between the various clades; however, given that the genus is already monophyletic and that the proposed genera are not reciprocally monophyletic, Apodemus is retained as a single genus here pending more integrative taxonomic research", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mezhzherin, S. and Tereshchenko, V. 2023. Taxonomic hierarchy and evolutionary scenario of the genus group _Apodemus_ s. l. (Muridae) of the Palearctic based of genetic differentiation in the cyt-b gene. Zoodiversity 57(1):1-12. doi:10.15407/zoo2023.01.001" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Sieland Island, Denmark.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Palestine", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Iraq?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iran", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Palestine", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Iraq?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Apodemus flavicollis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Apodemus flavicollis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0180", "mddId": "1003015", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003015", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Apodemus hyrcanicus", "genus": "Apodemus", "subgenus": "Sylvaemus", "specificEpithet": "hyrcanicus", "authority": "Vorontsov, Boyeskorov, & Mezhzherin in Vorontsov, Boyeskorov, Mezhzherin, Lyapunova, & Kandaurov, 1992", "faName": "", "enName": "Hyrcanian Field Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Caucasian Field Mouse", "Talysh Field Mouse" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Apodemini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Apodemus (Sylvaemus) hyrcanicus", "authorityCitation": "Vorontsov, N.N., Boyeskorov, G.G., Mezhzherin, S.V., Lyapunova, Ye.A. and Kandaurov, A.S. 1992. Систематика лесных мышей подрода _Sylvaemus_ Кавказа (Mammalia, Rodentia, _Apodemus_). Зоологический Журнал 71(3):119-131.", "authorityLink": "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/pdf/ap_hyrcanicus.pdf", "nominalNames": [ "hyrcanicus Vorontsov, Boyeskorov, & Mezhzherin in Vorontsov, Boyeskorov, Mezhzherin, Lyapunova, & Kandaurov, 1992" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "a recent molecular study suggested splitting of Apodemus into three genera: Apodemus, Alsomys, and Sylvaemus (including A. hyrcanicus); this revision was based on phylogenies created using cytochrome b sequences that show Apodemus sensu lato as monophyletic, but the three proposed genera as paraphyletic with each other; the authors supported the revision with the deep divergence time between the various clades; however, given that the genus is already monophyletic and that the proposed genera are not reciprocally monophyletic, Apodemus is retained as a single genus here pending more integrative taxonomic research", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mezhzherin, S. and Tereshchenko, V. 2023. Taxonomic hierarchy and evolutionary scenario of the genus group _Apodemus_ s. l. (Muridae) of the Palearctic based of genetic differentiation in the cyt-b gene. Zoodiversity 57(1):1-12. doi:10.15407/zoo2023.01.001" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMMU S-153372", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/list_record.php?id=S-153372" ], "locality": "Hirkauski Reserve, 450 m, Caucasus, Azerbaidjan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Apodemus hyrcanicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Apodemus hyrcanicus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0181", "mddId": "1003022", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003022", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Apodemus ponticus", "genus": "Apodemus", "subgenus": "Sylvaemus", "specificEpithet": "ponticus", "authority": "(Sviridenko, 1936)", "faName": "", "enName": "Caucasus Field Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Black Sea Field Mouse" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Apodemini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Sylvaemus flavicollis ponticus", "authorityCitation": "Sviridenko, P.A. 1936. Лесные мыши Северного Кавказа и Предкавказья. Сборник научно-исследовательского института зоологии Московского государственного института 3:96-107.", "authorityLink": "https://books.google.com/books?id=yTDYEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA96", "nominalNames": [ "brevicauda (Sviridenko, 1936) [infrasubspecific]", "ponticus (Sviridenko, 1936)", "parvus Argyropulo in Vinogradov & Argyropulo, 1941 [preoccupied]", "argyropuloi Heptner, 1948 [nomen novum]", "argyropuli Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 [nomen novum]", "persicus Gromov, Gureev, Novikov, Sokolov, Strelkov, & Chapskiy, 1963 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "a recent molecular study suggested splitting of Apodemus into three genera: Apodemus, Alsomys, and Sylvaemus (including A. ponticus); this revision was based on phylogenies created using cytochrome b sequences that show Apodemus sensu lato as monophyletic, but the three proposed genera as paraphyletic with each other; the authors supported the revision with the deep divergence time between the various clades; however, given that the genus is already monophyletic and that the proposed genera are not reciprocally monophyletic, Apodemus is retained as a single genus here pending more integrative taxonomic research", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mezhzherin, S. and Tereshchenko, V. 2023. Taxonomic hierarchy and evolutionary scenario of the genus group _Apodemus_ s. l. (Muridae) of the Palearctic based of genetic differentiation in the cyt-b gene. Zoodiversity 57(1):1-12. doi:10.15407/zoo2023.01.001" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "NNPM 7966/592 (= \"2494\")", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Olgino village (Black Sea), N. Caucasus, Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Russia" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Russia" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Apodemus ponticus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Apodemus ponticus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0182", "mddId": "1003027", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003027", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Apodemus uralensis", "genus": "Apodemus", "subgenus": "Sylvaemus", "specificEpithet": "uralensis", "authority": "(Pallas, 1811)", "faName": "", "enName": "Herb Field Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Pygmy Field Mouse", "Ural Field Mouse" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Apodemini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus sylvaticus Uralensis varietas", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1811. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica. Volumen Primum. In officina Caes. Academiae Scientiarum impress., Saint Petersburg, 568 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29114101", "nominalNames": [ "uralensis (Pallas, 1811)", "major (Severtzov, 1873) [preoccupied]", "tokmak (Severtzov, 1873) [nomen nudum", "not used as valid]", "microtis G. S. Miller, 1912", "mosquensis (Ognev, 1913)", "balchaschensis Kashkarov, 1922", "ciscaucasicus (Ognev, 1924)", "praestans (Ognev, 1924) [infrasubspecific]", "pallidus Kashkarov, 1926", "baessleri (Dahl, 1929)", "kastschenkoi (Kuznetsov, 1932)", "microps Kratochvíl & Rosicky, 1952", "nankiangensis Wang Song, 1964", "balchanensis Anonymous, 1981 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "parvulus Mošanský, 1994 [nomen nudum]", "cimrmani Vohralík, 2002" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "a recent molecular study suggested splitting of Apodemus into three genera: Apodemus, Alsomys, and Sylvaemus (including A. uralensis); this revision was based on phylogenies created using cytochrome b sequences that show Apodemus sensu lato as monophyletic, but the three proposed genera as paraphyletic with each other; the authors supported the revision with the deep divergence time between the various clades; however, given that the genus is already monophyletic and that the proposed genera are not reciprocally monophyletic, Apodemus is retained as a single genus here pending more integrative taxonomic research", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Mezhzherin, S. and Tereshchenko, V. 2023. Taxonomic hierarchy and evolutionary scenario of the genus group _Apodemus_ s. l. (Muridae) of the Palearctic based of genetic differentiation in the cyt-b gene. Zoodiversity 57(1):1-12. doi:10.15407/zoo2023.01.001" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Southern Ural Mountains, Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Estonia", "Georgia", "Hungary", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Moldova", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "Afghanistan?", "Mongolia?", "Pakistan?", "Uzbekistan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Czech Republic", "Estonia", "Georgia", "Hungary", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Moldova", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "Afghanistan?", "Mongolia?", "Pakistan?", "Uzbekistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Apodemus uralensis", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Apodemus uralensis", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0183", "mddId": "1003028", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003028", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Apodemus witherbyi", "genus": "Apodemus", "subgenus": "Sylvaemus", "specificEpithet": "witherbyi", "authority": "(O. Thomas, 1902)", "faName": "", "enName": "Steppe Field Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Apodemini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus sylvaticus Witherbyi", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1902-12-01. On five new mammals from Arabia and Persia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)10(60):487-491.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19339299", "nominalNames": [ "tauricus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900) [preoccupied]", "witherbyi (O. Thomas, 1902)", "fulvipectus (Ognev, 1924)", "chorassanicus (Ognev & Heptner, 1928)", "saxatilis Krassovsky, 1929 [infrasubspecific]", "planicola (Sviridenko, 1936)", "saxatilis (Sviridenko, 1936)", "caesareanus Bate, 1942", "iconicus Heptner, 1953 [nomen novum]", "chorossanicus Gromov, Gureev, Novikov, Sokolov, Strelkov, & Chapskiy, 1963 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "kilikiae M. Kretzoi, 1964 [nomen novum]", "falzfeini Mezhzherin & Zagorodnyuk, 1989", "hermonensis Filippucci, Simson, & Nevo, 1989", "caessareanus Musser & Carleton, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "avicennicus Darvish, Javidkar, & Siahsarvie, 2006" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "includes the recently described avicennicus; a recent molecular study suggested splitting of Apodemus into three genera: Apodemus, Alsomys, and Sylvaemus (including A. witherbyi under the name arianus without comment, which is considered a synonym of A. flavicollis); this revision was based on phylogenies created using cytochrome b sequences that show Apodemus sensu lato as monophyletic, but the three proposed genera as paraphyletic with each other; the authors supported the revision with the deep divergence time between the various clades; however, given that the genus is already monophyletic and that the proposed genera are not reciprocally monophyletic, Apodemus is retained as a single genus here pending more integrative taxonomic research", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Darvish, J., Javidkar, M. and Siahsarvie, R. 2006. A new species of wood mouse of the genus _Apodemus_ (Rodentia, Muridae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 38(1):5-16. doi:10.1080/09397140.2006.10638160|Darvish, J., Mohammadi, Z., Ghorbani, F., Mahmoudi, A. and Dubey, S. 2015. Phylogenetic relationships of _Apodemus_ Kaup, 1829 (Rodentia: Muridae) species in the eastern Mediterranean inferred from mitochondrial DNA, with emphasis on Iranian species. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 22(4):583-595. doi:10.1007/s10914-015-9294-9" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1902.10.1.14", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/ffc0d12a-6e79-4b47-8825-8d149ff79c4a" ], "locality": "Shul, Fars Province, Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Russia", "Syria", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Russia", "Syria", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Apodemus witherbyi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Apodemus witherbyi", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0184", "mddId": "1002910", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002910", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Gerbillus aquilus", "genus": "Gerbillus", "subgenus": "Gerbillus", "specificEpithet": "aquilus", "authority": "Schlitter & Setzer, 1973", "faName": "", "enName": "Swarthy Gerbil", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Gerbillus cheesmani aquilus", "authorityCitation": "Schlitter, D.A. and Setzer, H.W. 1973-05-31. New rodents (Mammalia: Cricetidae, Muridae) from Iran and Pakistan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 86:163-174.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34560317", "nominalNames": [ "aquilus Schlitter & Setzer, 1973", "subsolanus Schlitter & Setzer, 1973" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "USNM:MAMM:354623", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3448a90c2-f0d8-442c-80d5-43cc0f7e4f54" ], "locality": "60 km W Kerman, SE Iran.", "latitude": "30.25", "longitude": "56.46666666666667" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Pakistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Pakistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Gerbillus aquilus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Gerbillus aquilus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0185", "mddId": "1002914", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002914", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Gerbillus cheesmani", "genus": "Gerbillus", "subgenus": "Gerbillus", "specificEpithet": "cheesmani", "authority": "O. Thomas, 1919", "faName": "", "enName": "Cheesman's Gerbil", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Gerbillus cheesmani", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1919-10-20. Some new mammals from Mesopotamia. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 26(3):745-749.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2050383", "nominalNames": [ "cheesmani O. Thomas, 1919", "arduus Cheesman & Hinton, 1924", "maritimus Sanborn & Hoogstraal, 1953" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1919.3.1.5", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/0af9e3ab-695d-4f98-9f60-408588020dbc" ], "locality": "\"Mesopotamia [= Iraq/Kuwait]; exact locality not recorded.\"", "latitude": "30.5", "longitude": "47.78333333333333" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Oman", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Oman", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Gerbillus cheesmani", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Gerbillus cheesmani", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0186", "mddId": "1002933", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002933", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Gerbillus mesopotamiae", "genus": "Gerbillus", "subgenus": "Hendecapleura", "specificEpithet": "mesopotamiae", "authority": "D. L. Harrison, 1956", "faName": "", "enName": "Mesopotamian Gerbil", "otherCommonNames": [ "Harrison's Gerbil" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Gerbillus (Dipodillus) dasyurus mesopotamiae", "authorityCitation": "Harrison, D.L. 1956-08. Gerbils from Iraq, with description of a new gerbil. Journal of Mammalogy 37(3):417-422.", "authorityLink": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1376743", "nominalNames": [ "mesopotamiae D. L. Harrison, 1956" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1967.1234", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/036a36f1-7c3d-4696-b20f-9ade82252952" ], "locality": "near Amiriya, W bank Euphrates River, SW of Faluja, Iraq.", "latitude": "33.19556", "longitude": "43.90675" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Iran", "Iraq", "Syria" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Iran", "Iraq", "Syria" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Gerbillus mesopotamiae", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Gerbillus mesopotamiae", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0187", "mddId": "1002936", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002936", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Gerbillus nanus", "genus": "Gerbillus", "subgenus": "Hendecapleura", "specificEpithet": "nanus", "authority": "Blanford, 1875", "faName": "", "enName": "Balochistan Gerbil", "otherCommonNames": [ "Dwarf Gerbil" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Gerbillus nanus", "authorityCitation": "Blanford, W.T. 1875-11-01. Descriptions of new Mammalia from Persia and Balúchistan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)16(95):309-313.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25128194", "nominalNames": [ "nanus Blanford, 1875", "lixa Yerbury & O. Thomas, 1895", "mimulus (O. Thomas, 1902)", "arabium (O. Thomas, 1918)", "indus (O. Thomas, 1920)", "setonbrownei D. L. Harrison, 1968" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "has included G. garamantis, but the species is tentatively retained as distinct following HMW7 (although it may be a synonym of G. amoenus); the affinities of populations often attributed to this species in Africa are uncertain and have been tentatively included under G. amoenus", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Granjon, L. 2013. Genus _Gerbillus_. Gerbils. Pp. 295–297 in Happold, D.C.D. (eds.). Mammals of Africa. Volume III: Rodents, Hares and Rabbits. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 789 pp. a#72080|Wilson, D.E., Mittermeier, R.A. and Lacher, T.E., Jr. 2017. Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 7. Rodents II. Lynx, Barcelona, 1008 pp. a#57900" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZSI 3060", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "Gedrosia, Pakistan.", "latitude": "25.866666666666667", "longitude": "62.7" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Egypt", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Bahrain?", "Kuwait?", "Qatar?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Egypt", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen", "Bahrain?", "Kuwait?", "Qatar?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Gerbillus nanus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Gerbillus nanus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0188", "mddId": "1003066", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003066", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Golunda ellioti", "genus": "Golunda", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "ellioti", "authority": "J. E. Gray, 1837", "faName": "", "enName": "Indian Bush Rat", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Arvicanthini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Golunda Ellioti", "authorityCitation": "Gray, J.E. 1837-11-01. Descriptions of some new or little known Mammàlia, principally in the British Museum Collection. Magazine of Natural History (n.s.)1(11):577-587.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27268177", "nominalNames": [ "ellioti J. E. Gray, 1837", "hirsuta (W. Elliot, 1839)", "mythrix (B. H. Hodgson, 1841) [nomen nudum]", "myothrix (B. H. Hodgson, 1844) [nomen nudum]", "myothrix (B. H. Hodgson, 1845)", "coffaea Kelaart, 1850", "newara (Kelaart, 1850)", "newera Kelaart, 1851 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "elliotti Jerdon, 1867 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "golunde (Fitzinger, 1867)", "watsoni (Blanford, 1876)", "coffoeus (Kelaart, 1890) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "nuwara (Kelaart, 1890) [unjustified emendation]", "bombax O. Thomas, 1923", "coenosa O. Thomas, 1923", "coraginis O. Thomas, 1923", "gujerati O. Thomas, 1923", "limitaris O. Thomas, 1923", "paupera O. Thomas, 1923" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:38a", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Dharwar, [Karnataka State], India.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "India", "Iran", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Sri Lanka" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "India", "Iran", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Sri Lanka" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Golunda ellioti", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Golunda ellioti", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0189", "mddId": "1002955", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002955", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Meriones crassus", "genus": "Meriones", "subgenus": "Pallasiomys", "specificEpithet": "crassus", "authority": "Sundevall, 1843", "faName": "", "enName": "Sundevall's Jird", "otherCommonNames": [ "Gentle Jird", "Jerusalem Jird", "Silky Jird" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Meriones crassus", "authorityCitation": "Sundevall, C.J. 1843. Om Professor J. Hedenborgs insamlingar af Däggdjur i Nordöstra Africa och Arabien. Kongl. Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar (3)1842:189-244.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47304088", "nominalNames": [ "crassus Sundevall, 1843", "swinhoei (Scully, 1881)", "longifrons Lataste, 1884", "pallidus Bonhote, 1912", "charon O. Thomas, 1919", "pelerinus O. Thomas, 1919", "tripolius O. Thomas, 1919", "ismahelis Cheesman & Hinton, 1924", "asyutensis Setzer, 1961", "perpallidus Setzer, 1961" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Fount of Moses (Aïn Moses), Sinaï, Egypt.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Bahrain", "Chad", "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "United Arab Emirates" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Bahrain", "Chad", "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Mali", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Niger", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Sudan", "Syria", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "United Arab Emirates" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Meriones crassus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Meriones crassus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0190", "mddId": "1002958", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002958", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Meriones hurrianae", "genus": "Meriones", "subgenus": "Cheliones", "specificEpithet": "hurrianae", "authority": "(Jerdon, 1867)", "faName": "", "enName": "Indian Desert Jird", "otherCommonNames": [ "Indian Desert Gerbil" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Gerbillus Hurrianæ", "authorityCitation": "Jerdon, T.C. 1867. The Mammals of India; a Natural History of all the Animals known to Inhabit Continental India. Thomason College Press, Roorkee, 319 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37299975", "nominalNames": [ "hurrianae (Jerdon, 1867)", "collinus (O. Thomas, 1919)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1867.2.4.1", "kind": "lectotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/6384ea7f-815b-4793-b90b-ca925bdc298b" ], "locality": "Hurriana (= Haryana) district, India.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "India", "Iran", "Pakistan", "Afghanistan?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "India", "Iran", "Pakistan", "Afghanistan?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Meriones hurrianae", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Meriones hurrianae", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0191", "mddId": "1002959", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002959", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Meriones libycus", "genus": "Meriones", "subgenus": "Pallasiomys", "specificEpithet": "libycus", "authority": "H. Lichtenstein, 1823", "faName": "", "enName": "Libyan Jird", "otherCommonNames": [ "Asiatic Hairy-footed Gerbil" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Meriones libycus", "authorityCitation": "Lichtenstein, H. 1823. Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischern. T. Trautwein, Berlin, 118 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28229313", "nominalNames": [ "libycus H. Lichtenstein, 1823", "lybicus (J. B. Fischer, 1829) [unjustified emendation]", "erythrourus (J. E. Gray, 1842)", "melanurus Rüppell, 1842", "caucasius Brandt, 1855", "schousboeii (Loche, 1858) [nomen nudum]", "guyonii (Loche, 1867)", "renaultii (Loche, 1867)", "schousboeii (Loche, 1867)", "lybicus Severtzov, 1873 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "erythrurus (Danford & Alston, 1880) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "gaetulus Lataste, 1882", "eversmanni (Bogdanov, 1889)", "caucasicus (Satunin, 1896) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "turfanensis (Satunin, 1903)", "shousboei Trouessart, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "mariae Cabrera, 1907", "aquilo O. Thomas, 1912", "schousboei O. Thomas, 1913 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "caudatus O. Thomas, 1919", "syrius O. Thomas, 1919", "edithae Cheesman & Hinton, 1924", "evelynae Cheesman & Hinton, 1924", "tuareg O. Thomas, 1925", "caucasius Heptner, 1931 [preoccupied]", "confalonierii De Beaux, 1932", "marginiae (Heptner, 1933)", "maxeratis (Heptner, 1933)", "oxianus (Heptner, 1933)", "sogdianus (Heptner, 1933)", "heptneri Argyropulo, 1936 [nomen nudum]", "iranensis G. G. Goodwin, 1939", "intermedius Gromov, 1952", "amplus Ranck, 1968", "luridus Ranck, 1968", "farsi Schlitter & Setzer, 1973", "irani Schlitter & Setzer, 1973 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "gromovi Tropin, 1975 [unpublished thesis]", "schwarzovi Toktosunov, 1977 [nomen nudum]", "afghanus Pavlinov in Pavlinov & Rossolimo, 1987", "selunguricus Markova, 1992", "marginae (Borisenko, Vasil'yeva, Verigina, Dunayev, Kalyakin, Koblik, Kruskop, Orlova, Pavlinov, Red'kin, Sazonov, Spasskaya, & Tomkovich, 2001) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "confalonieri Musser & Carleton, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "\"deserto libyco [= Libian desert].\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Libya", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Pakistan", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Algeria", "Azerbaijan", "China", "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Libya", "Mauritania", "Morocco", "Pakistan", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "United Arab Emirates", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Meriones libycus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Meriones libycus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0192", "mddId": "1002960", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002960", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Meriones meridianus", "genus": "Meriones", "subgenus": "Pallasiomys", "specificEpithet": "meridianus", "authority": "(Pallas, 1773)", "faName": "", "enName": "Central Midday Jird", "otherCommonNames": [ "Midday Gerbil" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus meridianus", "authorityCitation": "Pallas, P.S. 1773. Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. Zweyter Theil. Erstes Buch vom Jahr 1770. Kayserliche Academie der Wissenschaften, Saint Petersburg, 744 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97334n/f707.item", "nominalNames": [ "meridianus (Pallas, 1773)", "longipes (Treviranus, 1802) [nomen novum]", "fulvus Eversmann, 1848", "buechneri O. Thomas, 1909", "littoralis (Heptner, 1927) [nomen nudum", "infrasubspecific]", "nogaiorum (Heptner, 1927)", "massagetes (Heptner, 1933)", "karelini (Kolosov, 1935)", "uschtaganicus (Rall, 1940)", "heptneri (Kuznetsov in Bobrinski, Kuznetsov, & Kuzyakin, 1944)", "tropini Kartavtseva & Korobitsyna, 1986 [nomen nudum]" ], "subspecies": "_M. m. buechneri_ Thomas, 1909; _M. m. meridianus_ (Pallas, 1773) (synonyms: _fulvus_ Eversmann, 1848, _heptneri_ (Кузнецов, 1944), _karelini_ (Колосов, 1935), _longipes_ (Pallas, 1779), _longipes_ (Treviranus, 1802), _massagetes_ (Гептнер, 1933), _uschtaganicus_ (Rall, 1940)); _M. m. nogaiorum_ (Гептнер, 1927) (synonyms: _littoralis_ (Гептнер, 1927))", "taxonomyNotes": "previously included psammophilus and penicilliger; some research suggests that M. dahli may be a synonym of M. meridianus, but recently published molecular data supports the species status of M. dahli, at least tentatively for now", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Nanova, O.G., Lebedev, V.S., Matrosova, V.A., Adiya, Y., Undrakhbayar, E., Surov, A.V. and Shenbrot, G.I. 2020. Phylogeography, phylogeny, and taxonomical revision of the Midday jird (_Meriones meridianus_) species complex from Dzungaria. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58(4):1335-1358. doi:10.1111/jzs.12372|Bulut, Ş. and Karacan, G.O. 2021. Taxonomic status of Dahl's jird, _Meriones dahli_, as inferred from cytochrome _b_ and IRBP gene sequences (Mammalia: Rodentia). Zoology in the Middle East 67(4):283-289. doi:10.1080/09397140.2021.1992835|Nanova, O.G., Lebedev, V.S., Solovyeva, E.N., Lisenkova, A.A., Bogatyreva, V.Yu., Zemlemerova, E.D. and Matrosova, V.A. 2024. Genetic variation and taxonomic status of Dahl's jird (_Meriones dahli_, Rodentia, Muridae). Зоологический Журнал 103(3):107-115. a#67794" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMMU S-5671", "kind": "neotype", "uris": [ "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/list_record.php?id=S-5671" ], "locality": "type locality unknown. Restricted by V. G. Heptner in 1936 to Dosang, Astrakhanskaya Oblast, south-eatern Russia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Azerbaijan?", "Iran?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan", "Azerbaijan?", "Iran?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Meriones meridianus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Meriones meridianus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0193", "mddId": "1002962", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002962", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Meriones persicus", "genus": "Meriones", "subgenus": "Pallasiomys", "specificEpithet": "persicus", "authority": "(Blanford, 1875)", "faName": "", "enName": "Persian Jird", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Gerbillus persicus", "authorityCitation": "Blanford, W.T. 1875-11-01. Descriptions of new Mammalia from Persia and Balúchistan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)16(95):309-313.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25128194", "nominalNames": [ "persicus (Blanford, 1875)", "ambrosius O. Thomas, 1919", "baptistae O. Thomas, 1920", "suschkini (Kashkarov, 1925)", "rossicus Heptner, 1931", "gurganensis G. G. Goodwin, 1939" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZSI 3058", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"in Persia [= Iran].\"", "latitude": "36.05617", "longitude": "52.24835" }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Iraq", "Pakistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Iraq", "Pakistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Meriones persicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Meriones persicus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0194", "mddId": "1002968", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002968", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Meriones tristrami", "genus": "Meriones", "subgenus": "Pallasiomys", "specificEpithet": "tristrami", "authority": "O. Thomas, 1892", "faName": "", "enName": "Tristram's Jird", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Meriones Tristrami", "authorityCitation": "Thomas, O. 1892-02-01. Description of a new species of _Meriones_ from Palestine. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6)9(50):147-149.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15617791", "nominalNames": [ "tristrami O. Thomas, 1892", "blackleri O. Thomas, 1903", "lycaon O. 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Çolak, 1998" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1864.8.17.35", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/2c4404a6-b6d3-470c-afce-49dfa4438d13" ], "locality": "Dead Sea region, Israel.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Palestine", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Palestine", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Meriones tristrami", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Meriones tristrami", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0195", "mddId": "1002970", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002970", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Meriones vinogradovi", "genus": "Meriones", "subgenus": "Pallasiomys", "specificEpithet": "vinogradovi", "authority": "Heptner, 1931", "faName": "", "enName": "Vinogradov's Jird", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Meriones vinogradovi", "authorityCitation": "Heptner, V.G. 1931. Notizen über die Gerbillinae (Mammalia, Muridae) III. Zoologischer Anzeiger 94(3-4):119-122.", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "vinogradovi Heptner, 1931" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZMMU S-5481", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://zmmu.msu.ru/dbs/list_record.php?id=S-5481" ], "locality": "Tabriz, Azerbaidjan, Iran.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Syria", "Turkey", "Iraq?" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Syria", "Turkey", "Iraq?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Meriones vinogradovi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Meriones vinogradovi", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0196", "mddId": "1002971", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002971", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Meriones zarudnyi", "genus": "Meriones", "subgenus": "Pallasiomys", "specificEpithet": "zarudnyi", "authority": "Heptner, 1937", "faName": "", "enName": "Zarudny's Jird", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "DD", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Meriones zarudnyi", "authorityCitation": "Heptner, V.G. 1937. Notes on Gerbollidae (Mammalia, Glires). IX. Remarks on a new species of _Meriones_ from Turkestan and on the systematic position of the gerbils belonging to the _Meriones persicus_-group. Бюллетень Московского общества испытателей природы (Отдел биологический)46(4):189-193.", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "zarudnyi Heptner, 1937" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "ZIN S. 43040", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "Kushka, Turkmenistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Turkmenistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Meriones zarudnyi", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Meriones zarudnyi", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0197", "mddId": "1003366", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003366", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Mus macedonicus", "genus": "Mus", "subgenus": "Mus", "specificEpithet": "macedonicus", "authority": "B. Petrov & Ružić, 1983", "faName": "", "enName": "Macedonian Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [ "Balkan Short-tailed Mouse" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Murini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus hortulanus macedonicus", "authorityCitation": "Petrov, B. and Ružić, A. 1983. Preliminary report on the taxonomic status of the members of the genus _Mus_ in Yugoslavia with description of a new subspecies (_Mus hortulanus macedonicus_ ssp. n., Rodentia Mamm.). Pp. 175–178 in Anonymous. (eds.). Drugi simpozijum o fauni SR Srbije. Zbornik plenarnah referata i naučnih saopštenja. Srpsko biološko društvo, Belgrade.", "authorityLink": null, "nominalNames": [ "camini Bate, 1942", "macedonicus B. Petrov & Ružić, 1983", "spretoides Bonhomme, J. Catalan, Britton-Davidian, V. M. Chapman, Moriwaki, Nevo, & Thaler, 1984 [nomen nudum]", "makovensis Orlov, Nadzhafova, & Bulatova, 1992" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "the older name camini, which was described based on fossil material, likely represents this species; if this is proven, then camini would have priority over macedonicus and would become the proper name for the species", "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "MMNH M-272-4/82", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "near Valandovo, Macedonia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bulgaria", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Syria", "Turkey", "Iraq?" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Bulgaria", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kosovo", "Lebanon", "North Macedonia", "Palestine", "Syria", "Turkey", "Iraq?" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Mus macedonicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Mus macedonicus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0198", "mddId": "1003372", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003372", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Mus musculus", "genus": "Mus", "subgenus": "Mus", "specificEpithet": "musculus", "authority": "Linnaeus, 1758", "faName": "موش خانگی", "enName": "House Mouse", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Murini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus Musculus", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033873", "nominalNames": [ "musculus Linnaeus, 1758", "domesticus Rutty, 1772 [nomen nudum]", "albus Bechstein, 1801 [preoccupied]", "flavus Bechstein, 1801 [preoccupied]", "maculatus Bechstein, 1801 [preoccupied]", "niger Bechstein, 1801 [preoccupied]", "domesticus Walther, 1819", "albicans Billberg, 1827", "gentilis Brants, 1827", "niveus Billberg, 1827", "praetextus Brants, 1827", "striatus Billberg, 1827 [preoccupied]", "orientalis Cretzschmar, 1830 [preoccupied]", "domus S.D.W., 1836 [nomen novum]", "brevirostris G. R. Waterhouse, 1837", "hortulanus von Nordmann, 1839", "nordmanni von Keyserling & J. H. Blasius, 1840 [nomen nudum]", "adelaidensis J. E. Gray, 1841", "dubius (B. H. Hodgson, 1841) [nomen nudum]", "nipalensis (B. H. Hodgson, 1841) [nomen nudum]", "modestus J. A. Wagner, 1842", "pretextus Lesson, 1842 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "castaneus G. R. Waterhouse, 1843", "manei J. E. Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum]", "molossinus Temminck, 1844", "parvulus (von Tschudi, 1844) [nomen nudum]", "azoricus H. R. Schinz, 1845", "dubius B. H. Hodgson, 1845 [preoccupied]", "homoourus B. H. Hodgson, 1845", "parvulus (von Tschudi, 1845)", "urbanus B. H. Hodgson, 1845", "bactrianus E. Blyth in T. Hutton, 1846", "fossilis Giebel, 1847 [nomen novum]", "musculus (J. A. Wagner, 1848) [preoccupied]", "wagneri Eversmann, 1848", "peruvianus T. R. Peale, 1849", "vignaudii Prévost & Des Murs in Des Murs, Prévost, Guichenot, & Guérin-Méneville, 1850", "manei Kelaart, 1852", "gerbillinus E. Blyth, 1853", "theobaldi E. Blyth, 1853", "nudoplicatus Gaskoin, 1856", "tytleri E. Blyth, 1859", "lundii Fitzinger, 1861 [nomen nudum]", "taitiensis Fitzinger, 1861 [nomen nudum]", "indianus (zu Wied-Neuwied, 1862)", "homourus E. Blyth, 1863 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "rama E. Blyth, 1865", "cinereomaculatus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]", "desertii (Loche, 1867)", "helvolus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]", "nattereri Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]", "varius Fitzinger, 1867 [preoccupied]", "albinus Minà-Palumbo, 1868", "lundi Zelebor, 1868 [nomen nudum]", "masculus Minà-Palumbo, 1868 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "melanogaster Minà-Palumbo, 1868", "rubicundus Minà-Palumbo, 1868", "taitiensis Zelebor, 1868 [nomen nudum]", "poschiavinus Fatio, 1869", "flavescens J. von Fischer, 1872 [preoccupied]", "pachycercus Blanford, 1875", "pallesceus von Heuglin, 1877", "viculorum J. Anderson, 1879", "albertisii W. C. H. Peters & Doria, 1881", "gilvus Petényi, 1882", "simsoni Higgins & Petterd, 1883", "bicolor Tikhomirov & Korchagin, 1889", "microdontoides Noack, 1889", "muculus Tullberg, 1893 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "albertisi Trouessart, 1897 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "jalapae J. A. Allen & F. M. Chapman, 1897", "pallescens Trouessart, 1897 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "muralis Barrett-Hamilton, 1899", "subterraneus de Montessus, 1899", "tomensis Kastschenko, 1899", "leptodactylus R. A. Philippi, 1900", "musculos de Seabra, 1900 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "gansuensis Satunin, 1903", "faeroensis Clarke, 1904", "vignaudi Trouessart, 1904 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "commissarius Mearns, 1905", "ater Fraipont, 1907 [nomen nudum]", "mongolium O. Thomas, 1908", "tataricus Satunin, 1908", "manchu O. Thomas, 1909", "raddei Kastschenko, 1910", "rotans Droogleever Fortuyn, 1911", "sareptanicus Hilzheimer, 1911", "canacorum Revilliod, 1914", "germanicus Noack, 1918 [preoccupied]", "gentilulus O. Thomas, 1919", "momiyamai Kuroda, 1920", "airolensis von Burg, 1921", "far Cabrera, 1921", "jamesoni Krausse, 1921", "heroldi A. Krausse, 1922", "oxyrrhinus Kashkarov, 1922", "severtzovi Kashkarov, 1922", "sinicus Cabrera, 1922", "albidiventris von Burg, 1923 [preoccupied]", "dunckeri Mohr, 1923", "helveticus von Burg, 1923", "mystacinus Mohr, 1923 [preoccupied]", "albulus Kishida, 1924", "borealis Ognev, 1924", "funereus Ognev, 1924", "orii Kuroda, 1924", "yonakuni Kuroda, 1924", "matschieanus A. Krausse, 1925 [nomen nudum]", "sewertzovii Kashkarov, 1925 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "sewertzowi Kashkarov, 1925 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "hapsaliensis Reinwaldt, 1927", "tantillus G. M. Allen, 1927", "subcaeruleus Fritsche, 1928 [preoccupied]", "yesonis Kuroda, 1928", "taiwanus Horikawa, 1929", "formosovi Heptner, 1930", "kambei Kishida & Mori, 1931 [nomen nudum]", "takagii Kishida & Mori, 1931 [nomen nudum]", "decolor Argyropulo, 1932", "rufiventris Argyropulo, 1932 [infrasubspecific]", "amurensis Argyropulo, 1933 [infrasubspecific]", "fredericae Sody, 1933", "variabilis Argyropulo, 1933 [preoccupied]", "vinogradovi Argyropulo, 1933", "bieni Yang Zhongjian, 1934", "caudatus V. E. Martino, 1934", "nogaiorum Heptner, 1934", "polonicus Niezabitowsky, 1934", "yamashinai Kuroda, 1934", "candidus Laurent, 1937 [preoccupied]", "arenarius Migulin, 1938", "takayamai Kuroda, 1938", "utsuryonis Mori, 1938", "longicauda Mori, 1939 [preoccupied]", "kalehpeninsularis G. G. Goodwin, 1940", "kuro Kuroda, 1940", "mykinessiensis Degerbøl, 1940", "heroldii Ellerman, 1941 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "mohri Ellerman, 1941 [nomen novum]", "percnonotus Moulthrop, 1942", "domesticus E. Schwarz & H. K. Schwarz, 1943", "hanuma Ognev, 1948 [infrasubspecific]", "helgolandicus K. Zimmermann, 1953", "hanuma Mirić, 1960", "foirmosovi Shidlovskiy, 1962 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "synanthropus M. Kretzoi & Vértes, 1965", "synantropus M. Kretzoi & Vértes, 1965 [incorrect original spelling]", "tagakii Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1966 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "solymarensis M. Kretzoi, 1969 [nomen nudum]", "corsicus Kratochvíl, 1986", "solymarensis M. Kretzoi in Jánossy, 1986 [nomen nudum]", "deserti Musser & Carleton, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "helviticus Musser & Carleton, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "taitensis Musser & Carleton, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "gyirongus Huang Ling, Jing Meidong, & Jiang Xuelong in Chen Yingjie, Wang Rongguo, Zhu Zhongxu, Subedi, Jiang Xuelong, Jing Meidong, & Huang Ling, 2025" ], "subspecies": "_M. m. bactrianus_ Blyth, 1846; _M. m. castaneus_ Waterhouse, 1843 (synonyms: _albertisii_ Peters & Doria, 1881, _bieni_ Yang, 1934, _canacorum_ Revilliod, 1914, _commissarius_ Mearns, 1905, _dubius_ (Hodgson, 1841), _dubius_ Hodgson, 1845, _dunckeri_ Mohr, 1923, _fredericae_ Sody, 1933, _manei_ Kelaart, 1852, _mohri_ Ellerman, 1941, _momiyamai_ Kuroda, 1920, _mystacinus_ Mohr, 1923, _nipalensis_ (Hodgson, 1841), _rama_ Blyth, 1865, _sinicus_ Cabrera, 1922, _taitiensis_ Fitzinger, 1861, _taitiensis_ Zelebor, 1868, _taiwanus_ Horikawa, 1929, _tytleri_ Blyth, 1859, _urbanus_ Hodgson, 1845, _viculorum_ Anderson, 1879); _M. m. domesticus_ Schwarz & Schwarz, 1943 (synonyms: _adelaidensis_ Gray, 1841, _airolensis_ Burg, 1921, _albidiventris_ Burg, 1923, _albinus_ Minà-Palumbo, 1868, _albus_ Bechstein, 1801, _ater_ Fraipont, 1907, _azoricus_ Schinz, 1845, _brevirostris_ Waterhouse, 1837, _candidus_ Laurent, 1937, _caudatus_ Martino, 1934, _corsicus_ Kratochvíl, 1986, _desertii_ (Loche, 1867), _domesticus_ Walther, 1819, _faeroensis_ Clarke, 1904, _far_ Cabrera, 1921, _flavescens_ Fischer, 1872, _flavus_ Bechstein, 1801, _formosovi_ Гептнер, 1930, _gentilis_ Brants, 1827, _gerbillinus_ Blyth, 1853, _helgolandicus_ Zimmermann, 1953, _helveticus_ Burg, 1923, _homoourus_ Hodgson, 1845, _indianus_ (Wied-Neuwied, 1862), _jalapae_ Allen & Chapman, 1897, _jamesoni_ Krausse, 1921, _kalehpeninsularis_ Goodwin, 1940, _leptodactylus_ Philippi, 1900, _lundi_ Zelebor, 1868, _lundii_ Fitzinger, 1861, _maculatus_ Bechstein, 1801, _melanogaster_ Minà-Palumbo, 1868, _microdontoides_ Noack, 1889, _modestus_ Wagner, 1842, _muralis_ Barrett-Hamilton, 1899, _musculus_ (Wagner, 1848), _mykinessiensis_ Degerbøl, 1940, _nattereri_ Fitzinger, 1867, _niger_ Bechstein, 1801, _nudoplicatus_ Gaskoin, 1856, _orientalis_ Cretzschmar, 1830, _pallesceus_ Heuglin, 1877, _parvulus_ (Tschudi, 1845), _percnonotus_ Moulthrop, 1942, _peruvianus_ Peale, 1849, _poschiavinus_ Fatio, 1869, _praetextus_ Brants, 1827, _rubicundus_ Minà-Palumbo, 1868, _simsoni_ Higgins & Petterd, 1883, _subcaeruleus_ Fritsche, 1928, _subterraneus_ de Montessus, 1899, _tataricus_ Сатунин, 1908, _theobaldi_ Blyth, 1853, _vignaudii_ Prévost & Des Murs, 1850); _M. m. gentilulus_ Thomas, 1919; _M. m. gyirongus_ Huang, Jing & Jiang, 2025; _M. m. musculus_ Linnaeus, 1758 (synonyms: _albicans_ Billberg, 1827, _amurensis_ Аргиропуло, 1933, _arenarius_ Migulin, 1938, _bicolor_ Тихомиров & Корчагин, 1889, _borealis_ Огнёв, 1924, _decolor_ Аргиропуло, 1932, _domus_ S.D.W., 1836, _fossilis_ Giebel, 1847, _funereus_ Огнёв, 1924, _gansuensis_ Сатунин, 1903, _germanicus_ Noack, 1918, _gilvus_ Petényi, 1882, _hanuma_ Mirić, 1960, _hanuma_ Огнёв, 1948, _hapsaliensis_ Reinwaldt, 1927, _helvolus_ Fitzinger, 1867, _heroldi_ Krausse, 1922, _hortulanus_ Nordmann, 1839, _kambei_ Kishida & Mori, 1931, _kuro_ Kuroda, 1940, _longicauda_ Mori, 1939, _manchu_ Thomas, 1909, _matschieanus_ Krausse, 1925, _mongolium_ Thomas, 1908, _niveus_ Billberg, 1827, _nogaiorum_ Гептнер, 1934, _orii_ Kuroda, 1924, _oxyrrhinus_ Кашкаров, 1922, _pachycercus_ Blanford, 1875, _polonicus_ Niezabitowsky, 1934, _raddei_ Кащенко, 1910, _rotans_ Droogleever Fortuyn, 1911, _rufiventris_ Аргиропуло, 1932, _sareptanicus_ Hilzheimer, 1911, _severtzovi_ Кашкаров, 1922, _solymarensis_ Kretzoi, 1969, _solymarensis_ Kretzoi, 1986, _striatus_ Billberg, 1827, _synanthropus_ Kretzoi & Vértes, 1965, _takagii_ Kishida & Mori, 1931, _takayamai_ Kuroda, 1938, _tomensis_ Кащенко, 1899, _utsuryonis_ Mori, 1938, _variabilis_ Аргиропуло, 1933, _vinogradovi_ Аргиропуло, 1933, _wagneri_ Eversmann, 1848, _yamashinai_ Kuroda, 1934, _yesonis_ Kuroda, 1928)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Uppsala, Sweden.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Cambodia", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Estonia", "Ethiopia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Laos", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Malaysia", "Malta", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Qatar", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam", "Yemen" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bahrain", "Bangladesh", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Cambodia", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Eritrea", "Estonia", "Ethiopia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Japan", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kuwait", "Kyrgyzstan", "Laos", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Libya", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Malaysia", "Malta", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Qatar", "Romania", "Russia", "Saudi Arabia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Thailand", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan", "Vietnam", "Yemen" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Mus musculus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Mus musculus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0199", "mddId": "1003578", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003578", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Nesokia indica", "genus": "Nesokia", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "indica", "authority": "(J. E. Gray, 1830)", "faName": "", "enName": "Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Pest Rat", "Short-tailed Nesokia" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Rattini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Arvicola indica", "authorityCitation": "Gray, J.E. 1830-01-06. [Part 1]. in Gray, J.E. 1830-1832. Illustrations of Indian Zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke. Vol. I. Treuttel, Wurtz, Treuttel, Jun. and Richter, London, plates pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45959718", "nominalNames": [ "indica (J. E. Gray, 1830)", "hardwickii (J. E. Gray, 1837)", "myosura (J. A. Wagner, 1845)", "huttoni (E. Blyth in T. Hutton, 1846)", "griffithii Horsfield, 1851", "hardwicki (Giebel, 1855) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "indica (W. C. H. Peters, 1860) [preoccupied]", "hardwickei Jerdon, 1867 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "scullyi Wood-Mason, 1876", "boettgeri von Radde & A. Walter, 1889", "brachyura Büchner, 1889", "bacheri Nehring, 1897", "satunini Nehring, 1899", "bailwardi O. Thomas, 1907", "suilla O. Thomas, 1907", "beaba Wroughton, 1908", "buxtoni O. Thomas, 1919", "dukelskiana Heptner, 1928", "legendrei G. G. Goodwin, 1939", "insularis G. G. Goodwin, 1940", "griffithi Ellerman, 1941 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "chitralensis Schlitter & Setzer, 1973" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "India.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Bangladesh", "China", "Egypt", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Bangladesh", "China", "Egypt", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Nesokia indica", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Nesokia indica", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0200", "mddId": "1003649", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003649", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Rattus norvegicus", "genus": "Rattus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "norvegicus", "authority": "(J. Berkenhout, 1769)", "faName": "موش قهوه‌ای", "enName": "Brown Rat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Common Rat", "Domestic Rat", "Fancy Rat", "Lab Rat", "Norway Rat", "Sewer Rat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Rattini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus Norvegicus", "authorityCitation": "Berkenhout, J. 1769. Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. I. Comprehending the Animal Kingdom. P. Elmsly, London, 233 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25813724", "nominalNames": [ "norvegicus (J. Berkenhout, 1769)", "aquaticus (Rutty, 1772)", "migrans (E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1777) [placed on index]", "caraco (Pallas, 1779)", "decumanus (Pallas, 1779)", "surmulottus (Severinus, 1779)", "hybridus (Bechstein, 1799)", "volhinicus (Daudin, 1802)", "javanus (Hermann, 1804)", "fossor (J. Walker, 1808)", "caspius (Oken, 1816) [placed on index", "nomen novum]", "hibernicus (W. Thompson, 1837)", "hibernicus (W. Thompson, 1837) [nomen nudum]", "maurus (G. R. Waterhouse, 1837)", "decumanoides (B. H. Hodgson, 1841) [nomen nudum]", "americanus (De Kay, 1842) [preoccupied]", "leucosternum (Rüppell, 1842)", "lutescens (Gay, 1847)", "maniculatus (J. A. Wagner, 1848)", "virginianus (Le Conte, 1853) [preoccupied]", "griseipectus (A. Milne-Edwards in A. David, 1871)", "humiliatus (Milne-Edwards in A. Milne-Edwards, 1871)", "plumbeus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1871)", "tamarensis (Higgins & Petterd, 1884)", "major (B. Hoffmann, 1887) [preoccupied]", "fossilis (F. Ameghino, 1889) [not intended as a scientific name]", "maculatus (Trouessart, 1897) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "cauquenensis (R. A. Philippi, 1900)", "simpsoni (R. A. Philippi, 1900)", "hoffmanni (Trouessart, 1904) [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "norwegicus (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "praestans (Trouessart, 1904) [nomen novum]", "magnirostris (Mearns, 1905)", "albus (Hatai, 1907) [preoccupied]", "albinus (Donaldson, 1912) [preoccupied]", "primarius (Kastschenko, 1912)", "socer (G. S. Miller, 1914)", "discolor (Noack, 1918) [preoccupied]", "insolatus A. B. Howell, 1927", "sowerbyi A. B. Howell, 1928", "otomoi Yamada, 1930", "decaryi (G. Grandidier, 1934)", "orii Kuroda, 1952", "suffureoventris Kuroda, 1952", "kurodobu Kuroda, 1953 [variety or form]", "shirokuma Kuroda, 1953 [variety or form]", "norvegecus Benazzou, 1998 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Great Britain.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Egypt", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iceland", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "China", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Denmark", "Egypt", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Iceland", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Moldova", "Mongolia", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tajikistan", "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rattus norvegicus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rattus norvegicus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0201", "mddId": "1003657", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003657", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Rattus pyctoris", "genus": "Rattus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "pyctoris", "authority": "(B. H. Hodgson, 1845)", "faName": "", "enName": "Himalayan Rat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Turkestan Rat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Rattini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus? Pyctoris", "authorityCitation": "Hodgson, B.H. 1845-04-01. On the rats, mice, and shrews of the central region of Nepal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1)15(98):266-270.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2248594", "nominalNames": [ "pyctoris (B. H. Hodgson, 1841) [nomen nudum]", "rottoides (B. H. Hodgson, 1844) [nomen nudum]", "pyctoris (B. H. Hodgson, 1845)", "rattoides (B. H. Hodgson, 1845) [preoccupied]", "hodgsonii Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen novum", "preoccupied]", "pictoris Fitzinger, 1867 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "vicerex (Bonhote, 1903)", "shigarus (G. S. Miller, 1913)", "celsus G. M. Allen, 1926", "shigarius Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "khumbuensis Biswas & Khajuria, 1955", "gilgitianus Akhtar, 1959" ], "subspecies": "_R. p. pyctoris_ (Hodgson, 1845) (synonyms: _celsus_ Allen, 1926, _hodgsonii_ Fitzinger, 1867, _khumbuensis_ Biswas & Khajuria, 1955, _pyctoris_ (Hodgson, 1841), _rattoides_ (Hodgson, 1845), _rottoides_ (Hodgson, 1844)); _R. p. vicerex_ (Bonhote, 1903) (synonyms: _gilgitianus_ Akhtar, 1959, _shigarus_ (Miller, 1913))", "taxonomyNotes": "Lissovsky, A. A., Liu, N., Obolenskaya, E. V., Ivanova, E. A., & Ge, D. Y. (2025). The New Old Rat (Rattus, Mammalia) From Turkestan: Revisiting From a Genomics Perspective. Zoologica Scripta.", "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1845.1.8.381", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/5e37bdc9-e7d1-42e7-92c9-64780ece07d5" ], "locality": "\"central region of Nepal.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "China", "India", "Iran", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Pakistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Bangladesh", "Bhutan", "China", "India", "Iran", "Myanmar", "Nepal", "Pakistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rattus pyctoris", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rattus pyctoris", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0202", "mddId": "1003659", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003659", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Rattus rattus", "genus": "Rattus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "rattus", "authority": "(Linnaeus, 1758)", "faName": "موش سیاه", "enName": "Roof Rat", "otherCommonNames": [ "Black Rat", "Common House Rat", "House Rat", "Ship Rat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Murinae", "tribe": "Rattini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Mus Rattus", "authorityCitation": "Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033872", "nominalNames": [ "rattus (Linnaeus, 1758)", "minor (Kerr, 1792)", "albus (Bechstein, 1801) [preoccupied]", "cinereus (Bechstein, 1801)", "maculatus (Bechstein, 1801) [preoccupied]", "alexandrinus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)", "indicus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803) [preoccupied]", "frugivorus (Rafinesque, 1814)", "tectorum (Savi, 1825)", "flaviventris (Brants, 1827)", "siculae (Lesson, 1827) [nomen novum]", "fuliginosus (Bonaparte, 1833)", "latipes (E. T. Bennett, 1835)", "ater S.D.W., 1836 [nomen novum]", "asiaticus (J. E. Gray, 1837)", "rufescens (J. E. Gray, 1837)", "insularis (G. R. Waterhouse, 1838)", "jacobiae (G. R. Waterhouse, 1838)", "setosus (P. W. Lund, 1838)", "flavescens (W. Elliot, 1839) [preoccupied]", "leucogaster (F.-J. Pictet, 1841) [preoccupied]", "nemoralis (de Sélys-Longchamps, 1841)", "sylvestris (F.-J. Pictet, 1841) [not used as valid]", "subcaeruleus (Lesson, 1842)", "erythronotus (Temminck, 1844)", "rattoides (F.-J. Pictet & C. Pictet, 1844)", "ratus (Crespon, 1844) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "picteti (H. R. Schinz, 1845) [nomen novum]", "fossilis (Giebel, 1847) [nomen novum]", "ceylonus (Kelaart, 1850)", "kandianus (Kelaart, 1850)", "tetragonurus (Kelaart, 1850)", "arboreus (Horsfield, 1851)", "rufoflavescens (Kelaart, 1852) [nomen novum]", "tettensis (W. C. H. Peters, 1852)", "crassipes (E. Blyth, 1859)", "flavigaster (von Heuglin, 1861)", "arboricola (J. Gould, 1863)", "infralineatus (E. Blyth, 1863) [nomen nudum]", "albus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]", "albus Fitzinger, 1867 [preoccupied]", "ater Fitzinger, 1867 [preoccupied]", "domesticus Fitzinger, 1867", "fulvaster Fitzinger, 1867", "fuscus Fitzinger, 1867", "grayi Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen novum]", "infralineatus (Jerdon, 1867)", "infuscatus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]", "nattereri Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]", "varius Fitzinger, 1867", "novaezelandiae (Buller, 1871)", "samharensis (von Heuglin, 1877)", "beccarianus (Trouessart, 1881) [nomen novum]", "beccarii (W. C. H. Peters & Doria, 1881) [preoccupied]", "caledonicus (Trouessart, 1881) [nomen nudum]", "intermedius (Ninni, 1882) [preoccupied]", "tompsoni (E. P. Ramsay, 1882)", "griseocaeruleus (Higgins & Petterd, 1883)", "variabilis (Higgins & Petterd, 1883)", "kandiyanus (Kelaart, 1890) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "cyaneus (R. A. Philippi, 1895)", "typicus (Yerbury & O. Thomas, 1895) [nomen novum]", "caeruleus (Trouessart, 1897) [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "doriae (Trouessart, 1897) [nomen novum]", "galapagoensis (Trouessart, 1897) [nomen nudum", "not used as valid]", "auratus (G. Grandidier, 1899)", "aethiops (R. A. Philippi, 1900)", "coquimbensis (R. A. Philippi, 1900)", "osorninus (R. A. Philippi, 1900)", "saltuum (R. A. Philippi, 1900)", "subrufus (R. A. Philippi, 1900) [preoccupied]", "alexandrinorattus (Fatio, 1902)", "atratus (G. S. Miller, 1902) [preoccupied]", "atridorsum (G. S. Miller, 1903) [nomen novum]", "ater (Millais, 1905) [preoccupied]", "albiventer (Jentink, 1909)", "albiventris (Jentink, 1909) [incorrect original spelling]", "brahminicus (Lloyd, 1909)", "kijabius (J. A. Allen, 1909)", "doboensis (L. F. de Beaufort, 1911)", "muansae (Matschie, 1911)", "kelaarti (Wroughton, 1915)", "rattiformis (Matschie, 1915)", "chionogaster (Lönnberg, 1916)", "jujensis (Lönnberg, 1916)", "girensis Hinton, 1918", "narbadae Hinton, 1918", "wroughtoni Hinton, 1919", "chionogaster Cabrera, 1921 [preoccupied]", "jurassicus (von Burg, 1921)", "nericola Cabrera, 1921", "sueirensis Cabrera, 1921 [nomen novum]", "brookei (Crew, 1923) [infrasubspecific]", "ruthenus Ognev & Stroganov, 1936", "longicaudus Mori, 1937", "caerulus Ellerman, 1941 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "subcaerulus Ellerman, 1941 [incorrect subsequent spelling", "not used as valid]", "keelingensis Tate, 1950" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "the rattus group of species (including R. rattus, R. tanezumi, R. sakeratensis, and R. tiomanicus currently) are not well defined currently and further revision is needed to determine the species limits within this group; the name diardii, currently a synonym of R. tanezumi, likely represents a distinct species, as suggested recently by Nasir et al., 2022, although the species is retained tentatively retained under R. tanezumi until further research is done and until the a through investigation of which names can be applied to different lineages is done", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Aplin, K.P., Chesser, R.T. and Have, J. ten. 2003. Evolutionary biology of the genus _Rattus_: profile of an archetypal rodent pest. ACIAR Monograph 96:487-498. a#4146|Robins, J.H., Hingston, M., Matisoo-Smith, E. and Ross, H.A. 2007. Identifying _Rattus_ species using mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Ecology Notes 7(5):717-729. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01752.x|Pagès, M., Bazin, E., Galan, M., Chaval, Y., Claude, J., Herbreteau, V., Michaux, J.R., Piry, S., Morand, S. and Cosson, J.-F. 2013. Cytonuclear discordance among Southeast Asian black rats (_Rattus rattus_ complex). Molecular Ecology 22(4):1019-1034. doi:10.1111/mec.12149|Aplin, K.P., Suzuki, H., Chinen, A.A., Chesser, R.T., Have, J. ten, Donnellan, S.C., Austin, J., Frost, A., Gonzalez, J.P., Herbreteau, V., Catzeflis, F.M., Soubrier, J., Fang, Y.-p., Robins, J., Matisoo-Smith, E., Bastos, A.D.S., Maryanto, I., Sinaga, M.H., Denys, C., Van Den Bussche, R.A., Conroy, C.J., Rowe, K.C. and Cooper, A. 2011. Multiple geographic origins of commensalism and complex dispersal history of black rats. PLoS ONE 6(11):e26357. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026357|Mohamad Ikbal, N.H., Pathmanathan, D., Bhassu, S., Simarani, K. and Omar, H. 2019. Morphometric analysis of craniodental characters of the house rat, _Rattus rattus_ (Rodentia: Muridae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 48(10):2103-2111. doi:10.17576/jsm-2019-4810-05|Nasir, M.H., Bhassu, S., Mispan, M.S., Bakar, S.A., Jing, K.J. and Omar, H. 2022. Molecular identification and genetic variation of _Rattus_ species from oil palm plantations of Malaysia based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Zoological Science 39(6):554-561. doi:10.2108/zs210093" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "lost (number not known)", "kind": "nonexistent", "uris": [], "locality": "\"Europe.\"", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Angola", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bangladesh", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Benin", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Burundi", "Cameroon", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Estonia", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "France", "Gambia", "Georgia", "Germany", "Ghana", "Greece", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liberia", "Libya", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Madagascar", "Malawi", "Mali", "Malta", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "Nigeria", "North Macedonia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Romania", "Russia", "Rwanda", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Serbia", "Sierra Leone", "Slovenia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Uganda", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe" ], "continents": [ "Africa", "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Afrotropic", "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Albania", "Algeria", "Angola", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Bangladesh", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Benin", "Bhutan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Burundi", "Cameroon", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Djibouti", "Egypt", "Estonia", "Eswatini", "Ethiopia", "France", "Gambia", "Georgia", "Germany", "Ghana", "Greece", "Guinea", "Guinea-Bissau", "Hungary", "India", "Iran", "Ireland", "Israel", "Italy", "Jordan", "Kenya", "Kosovo", "Latvia", "Lebanon", "Liberia", "Libya", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Madagascar", "Malawi", "Mali", "Malta", "Moldova", "Montenegro", "Morocco", "Mozambique", "Namibia", "Nepal", "Netherlands", "Nigeria", "North Macedonia", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Palestine", "Poland", "Portugal", "Qatar", "Republic of the Congo", "Romania", "Russia", "Rwanda", "Saudi Arabia", "Senegal", "Serbia", "Sierra Leone", "Slovenia", "South Africa", "South Sudan", "Spain", "Sri Lanka", "Sudan", "Switzerland", "Syria", "Tanzania", "Togo", "Tunisia", "Turkey", "Uganda", "Ukraine", "United Arab Emirates", "United Kingdom", "Zambia", "Zimbabwe" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rattus rattus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rattus rattus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0203", "mddId": "1002975", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1002975", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Rhombomys opimus", "genus": "Rhombomys", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "opimus", "authority": "(H. Lichtenstein, 1823)", "faName": "جرد بزرگ", "enName": "Great Gerbil", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Meriones opimus", "authorityCitation": "Lichtenstein, H. 1823. Naturhistorischer Anhang. Pp. 113–150 in Eversmann, E.F. (eds.). Reise von Orenburg nach Buchara. E. H. G. Christiani, Berlin, 150 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60405163", "nominalNames": [ "opimus (H. Lichtenstein, 1823)", "pallidus J. A. Wagner, 1841", "giganteus (Büchner, 1889)", "nigrescens (Satunin, 1903)", "alaschanicus Matschie, 1911", "dalversinicus (Kashkarov, 1926)", "fumicolor Heptner, 1933", "pevzovi Heptner, 1939", "sargadensis Heptner, 1939", "sodalis G. G. Goodwin, 1939", "obolenskii Maleyeva, 1966", "major Burdelov, 1989", "minor Burdelov, 1989", "sarganensis G. I. Baranova & Gromov, 2003 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "Karakumy Desert, Kzyl-Ordinskaya, Kazakhstan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Pakistan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Mongolia", "Pakistan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Rhombomys opimus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Rhombomys opimus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0204", "mddId": "1003004", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003004", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Muridae", "scientificName": "Tatera indica", "genus": "Tatera", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "indica", "authority": "(Hardwicke, 1807)", "faName": "", "enName": "Indian Gerbil", "otherCommonNames": [ "Antelope Rat" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Muridae", "subfamily": "Gerbillinae", "tribe": "Gerbillurini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Dipus indicus", "authorityCitation": "Hardwicke, T. 1807-03-09. Description of a species of jerboa, found in the upper provinces of Hindustan, between Benares and Hurdwar. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 8(1):279-281.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/766749", "nominalNames": [ "indica (Hardwicke, 1807)", "nidicus (F. Cuvier, 1837) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "otaria (F. Cuvier, 1837) [nomen nudum]", "cuvieri (G. R. Waterhouse, 1838)", "cuvierii (G. R. Waterhouse, 1838) [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "otaria (F. Cuvier, 1838)", "hardwickii (J. E. Gray, 1843)", "taeniura (J. A. Wagner, 1843)", "bailwardi Wroughton, 1906", "ceylonica Wroughton, 1906", "monticola Wroughton, 1906", "persica Wroughton, 1906", "scansa Wroughton, 1906", "dunni Wroughton, 1917", "hardwickei Wroughton, 1917 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "sherrini Wroughton, 1917", "pitmani Cheesman, 1920" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:11g", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "between Benares and Hardwar, United Province, India.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kuwait", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Sri Lanka", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "India", "Iran", "Iraq", "Kuwait", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Sri Lanka", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Tatera indica", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Tatera indica", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0205", "mddId": "1001603", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001603", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Sciuridae", "scientificName": "Funambulus pennantii", "genus": "Funambulus", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "pennantii", "authority": "Wroughton, 1905", "faName": "", "enName": "Northern Palm Squirrel", "otherCommonNames": [ "Five-striped Palm Squirrel" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Sciuromorpha", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Sciuridae", "subfamily": "Nannosciurinae", "tribe": "Funambulini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Funambulus pennantii", "authorityCitation": "Wroughton, R.C. 1905-08-05. The common striped palm squirrel. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 16(3):406-413.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5725599", "nominalNames": [ "argentescens Wroughton, 1905", "pennantii Wroughton, 1905", "pennanti O. Thomas, 1908 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "lutescens Wroughton, 1916" ], "subspecies": "_F. p. argentescens_ Wroughton, 1905; _F. p. pennantii_ Wroughton, 1905 (synonyms: _lutescens_ Wroughton, 1916)", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "BMNH:Mamm:1898.4.2.25", "kind": "holotype", "uris": [ "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/ecf9264e-70d0-47c8-9e82-8b16e579d84c" ], "locality": "\"Mandvi Taluka of Surat District,\" Guzerath, India.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Bangladesh", "India", "Iran", "Nepal", "Pakistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Indomalaya", "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Bangladesh", "India", "Iran", "Nepal", "Pakistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Funambulus pennantii", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Funambulus pennantii", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0206", "mddId": "1001677", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001677", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Sciuridae", "scientificName": "Sciurus anomalus", "genus": "Sciurus", "subgenus": "Tenes", "specificEpithet": "anomalus", "authority": "von Güldenstädt in von Schreber, 1785", "faName": "سنجاب قفقازی", "enName": "Caucasian Squirrel", "otherCommonNames": [ "Golden Squirrel", "Persian Squirrel" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Sciuromorpha", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Sciuridae", "subfamily": "Sciurinae", "tribe": "Sciurini", "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Sciurus anomalus", "authorityCitation": "Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1785. Heft 42. Pp. 771–802 in Schreber, J.C.D. von. 1792. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Vierter Theil. Walther, Erlangen.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42529507", "nominalNames": [ "anomalus von Güldenstädt in von Schreber, 1785", "caucasicus Pallas, 1811", "syriacus Ehrenberg, 1829", "russatus J. A. Wagner, 1842", "historicus J. E. Gray, 1867", "pallescens (J. E. Gray, 1867)", "fulvus Blanford, 1875 [preoccupied]" ], "subspecies": "_S. a. anomalus_ Güldenstädt, 1785 (synonyms: _caucasicus_ Pallas, 1811, _fulvus_ Blanford, 1875, _pallescens_ (Gray, 1867), _russatus_ Wagner, 1842); _S. a. syriacus_ Ehrenberg, 1829 (synonyms: _historicus_ Gray, 1867)", "taxonomyNotes": "under a new proposed taxonomic arrangement for Sciurini, S. anomalus (along with S. vulgaris, S. meridionalis, and S. lis) would be the only representatives of the genus Sciurus; this arrangement is tentatively not followed here pending further investigation", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Patton, J.L., Pardiñas, U.F.J. and D'Elía, G. 2015. Mammals of South America, Volume 2: Rodents. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1290 pp. a#27628|Abreu-Júnior, E.F. de, Pavan, S.E., Tsuchiya, M.T.N., Wilson, D.E., Percequillo, A.R. and Maldonado, J.E. 2020. Museomics of tree squirrels: a dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul. BMC Evolutionary Biology 20(1):77. doi:10.1186/s12862-020-01639-y|Abreu-Júnior, E.F. de, Pavan, S.E., Tsuchiya, M.T.N., Wilson, D.E., Percequillo, A.R. and Maldonado, J.E. 2020. Spatiotemporal diversification of tree squirrels: Is the South American Invasion and speciation really that recent and fast?. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8(230):1-14. doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.00230" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "no type locality given. Restricted by S. I. Ognev in 1940 to Sabeka, 25 km SW of Kutais, Georgia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Palestine", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Greece", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Lebanon", "Palestine", "Syria", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Sciurus anomalus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Sciurus anomalus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0207", "mddId": "1001837", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001837", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Sciuridae", "scientificName": "Spermophilopsis leptodactyla", "genus": "Spermophilopsis", "subgenus": null, "specificEpithet": "leptodactyla", "authority": "(H. Lichtenstein, 1823)", "faName": "", "enName": "Long-clawed Ground Squirrel", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Sciuromorpha", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Sciuridae", "subfamily": "Xerinae", "tribe": "Xerini", "subtribe": "Spermophilopsina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Arctomys leptodactylus", "authorityCitation": "Lichtenstein, H. 1823. Naturhistorischer Anhang. Pp. 113–150 in Eversmann, E.F. (eds.). Reise von Orenburg nach Buchara. E. H. G. Christiani, Berlin, 150 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60405160", "nominalNames": [ "leptodactyla (H. Lichtenstein, 1823)", "turcomana (von Eichwald, 1834)", "bactriana (Scully, 1888)", "schumakovi (Satunin, 1908)", "heptopotamica Heptner & Ismagilov, 1952", "heptapotamicus Pavlinov & Rossolimo, 1987 [incorrect subsequent spelling]" ], "subspecies": "_S. l. bactriana_ (Scully, 1888); _S. l. heptopotamica_ Гептнер & Исмагилов, 1952; _S. l. leptodactyla_ (Lichtenstein, 1823) (synonyms: _schumakovi_ (Сатунин, 1908), _turcomana_ (Eichwald, 1834))", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "\"Karaata (der warmen Quelle, 140 Werst diesseits Buchara).\" Interpreted by S. I. Ognev in 1966 as \"vicinity of Kara Ata, 140 km northwest of the Old Town of Bukhara,\" Uzbekistan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Spermophilopsis leptodactyla", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Spermophilopsis leptodactylus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0208", "mddId": "1001775", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001775", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Sciuridae", "scientificName": "Spermophilus fulvus", "genus": "Spermophilus", "subgenus": "Colobotis", "specificEpithet": "fulvus", "authority": "(H. Lichtenstein, 1823)", "faName": "", "enName": "Yellow Ground Squirrel", "otherCommonNames": [ "Long-toothed Ground Squirrel", "Long-toothed Souslik" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "LC", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Sciuromorpha", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Sciuridae", "subfamily": "Xerinae", "tribe": "Marmotini", "subtribe": "Spermophilina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Arctomys fulvus", "authorityCitation": "Lichtenstein, H. 1823. Naturhistorischer Anhang. Pp. 113–150 in Eversmann, E.F. (eds.). Reise von Orenburg nach Buchara. E. H. G. Christiani, Berlin, 150 pp.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60405160", "nominalNames": [ "maximus (Pallas, 1779) [not intended as a scientific name]", "fulvus (H. Lichtenstein, 1823)", "concolor (J. B. Fischer, 1829)", "giganteus (J. B. Fischer, 1829)", "nanus (J. B. Fischer, 1829)", "concolor I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831 [preoccupied]", "persicus (Lesson, 1842) [nomen novum]", "fulvens Severtzov, 1876 [incorrect subsequent spelling]", "hypoleucos (Satunin, 1909)", "oxianus (O. Thomas, 1915)", "parthianus (O. Thomas, 1915)", "orlovi (Ognev, 1937)", "nigrimontanus (Antipin, 1942)", "minor (Gromov, 1957)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": null, "uris": [], "locality": "\"Flusse Kuwandschur [= Kuvandzhur River].\" Restricted by S. I. Ognev in 1963 to east of Mugodzhary Mountains, north of Aral Sea, Kazakhstan.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "continents": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Afghanistan", "China", "Iran", "Kazakhstan", "Kyrgyzstan", "Russia", "Tajikistan", "Turkmenistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Spermophilus fulvus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Spermophilus fulvus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0209", "mddId": "1001784", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001784", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Sciuridae", "scientificName": "Spermophilus xanthoprymnus", "genus": "Spermophilus", "subgenus": "Spermophilus", "specificEpithet": "xanthoprymnus", "authority": "(E. T. Bennett, 1835)", "faName": "", "enName": "Asia Minor Ground Squirrel", "otherCommonNames": [ "Anatolian Ground Squirrel" ], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NT", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Sciuromorpha", "infraorder": null, "parvorder": null, "superfamily": null, "family": "Sciuridae", "subfamily": "Xerinae", "tribe": "Marmotini", "subtribe": "Spermophilina" }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Citillus Xanthoprymna", "authorityCitation": "Bennett, E.T. 1835-09-25. A letter was read, addressed to the Secretary by Keith E. Abbott, Esq., Corr. Memb. Z.S., dated Trebizond, February 14, 1835. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1835:89-92.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30568599", "nominalNames": [ "xanthoprymnus (E. T. Bennett, 1835)", "schmidti (Satunin, 1908)", "arzniensis (Gromov & Dahl in Gromov, Bibikov, Kalabukhov, & Meyyer, 1965)", "gelengius (B. Mursaloğlu, 1965)" ], "subspecies": "_S. x. arzniensis_ (Громов & Dahl, 1965) (holocene); _S. x. gelengius_ (Mursaloğlu, 1965); _S. x. xanthoprymnus_ (Bennett, 1835) (synonyms: _concolor_ (Thomas, 1906), _schmidti_ (Сатунин, 1908))", "taxonomyNotes": null, "taxonomyNotesCitation": null }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": null, "kind": "holotype", "uris": [], "locality": "\"vicinity of Erzeroun [= Erzurum],\" eastern Turkey.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Iran", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Iran", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": "Spermophilus xanthoprymnus", "diffSinceCMW": false, "msw3MatchType": "sciname match", "msw3SciName": "Spermophilus xanthoprymnus", "diffSinceMSW3": false } }, { "id": "IR0210", "mddId": "1006859", "mddUrl": "https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006859", "phylosort": 21, "order": "Rodentia", "family": "Spalacidae", "scientificName": "Nannospalax nehringi", "genus": "Nannospalax", "subgenus": "Mesospalax", "specificEpithet": "nehringi", "authority": "(Satunin, 1898)", "faName": "", "enName": "Nehring's Blind Mole-rat", "otherCommonNames": [], "endemic": false, "status": "زنده", "iucn": "NE", "extinct": false, "domestic": false, "flagged": false, "taxonomy": { "subclass": "Theria", "infraclass": "Placentalia", "magnorder": "Boreoeutheria", "superorder": "Euarchontoglires", "order": "Rodentia", "suborder": "Supramyomorpha", "infraorder": "Myomorphi", "parvorder": null, "superfamily": "Muroidea", "family": "Spalacidae", "subfamily": "Spalacinae", "tribe": null, "subtribe": null }, "nomenclature": { "originalNameCombination": "Spalax Nehringi", "authorityCitation": "Satunin, K.A. 1898-05-02. _Spalax Nehringi_ nov. spec. Zoologischer Anzeiger 21(558):314-315.", "authorityLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9739287", "nominalNames": [ "nehringi (Satunin, 1898)", "armeniacus (Méhelÿ, 1909)" ], "subspecies": null, "taxonomyNotes": "split from N. xanthodon", "taxonomyNotesCitation": "Németh, A., Mizsei, E., Laczkó, L., Czabán, D., Hegyeli, Z., Lengyel, S., Csorba, G. and Sramkó, G. 2024. Evolutionary history and systematics of European blind mole rats (Rodentia: Spalacidae: _Nannospalax_): Multilocus phylogeny and species delimitation in a puzzling group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 190:107958. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107958" }, "typeSpecimen": { "voucher": "GNMT (number not known)", "kind": "syntypes", "uris": [], "locality": "Kasikoporan, Armenia.", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "distribution": { "countries": [ "Armenia", "Georgia", "Iran", "Turkey" ], "continents": [ "Asia" ], "biogeographicRealm": [ "Palearctic" ], "subregion": null, "notes": null, "notesCitation": null }, "worldDistribution": [ "Armenia", "Georgia", "Iran", "Turkey" ], "crossReference": { "cmwSciName": null, "diffSinceCMW": true, "msw3MatchType": "unmatched", "msw3SciName": null, "diffSinceMSW3": true } } ] }